scholarly journals The effect of the herbicide Magnum on the yield and quality of flax products

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-856
Author(s):  
T. A. Rozhmina ◽  
A. A. Zhuchenko ◽  
E. G. Gerasimova ◽  
I. A. Andreeva ◽  
A. D. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Level

The aim of the research was to study the response of various flax genotypes to the treatment of plants with a sulfonylurea herbicide – Magnum (active ingredient is metsulfuron-methyl) and to identify resistant forms for use in breeding programs for herbicide resistance. In 2018-2020 an assessment of 24 varieties and promising lines of fiber flax of domestic and foreign selection for resistance to this herbicide was carried out, the treatment of crops with the preparation was carried out at the recommended consumption rate of 0.01 kg/ha in the “herringbone” phase. It has been proved that the use of this herbicide leads to uneven plant growth during the “herringbone – flowering” period, which negatively affects the yield and quality of flax fiber. The decrease in the main indicators of the productivity and quality of the fiber in the variant with the use of the herbicide in comparison with the control, depending on the genotype was: in plant height – up to 44.4 %, in the weight of the technical part – 71.1 %, in the fiber mass – 74.8 %, in «myklost» (the ratio of the technical length of stem to its diameter)– 46.3 %, in the length of the elementary fiber – 27.7 %. A high level of resistance (over 80 %) to the herbicide Magnum for all analyzed traits was shown by the varieties Atlant (Russia) and Mogilevsky (Belarus). It was shown that when treating fiber flax plants with the herbicide, as a rule, an increase in inflorescence occurs due to a decrease in the technical length of the stem. It results in rise of the main indicators of seed productivity in most of genotypes under the influence of the Magnum preparation – the number of bolls and seeds per plant (up to 3.2 times). The exception was the variety Vega 2 (Lithuania), which had a decrease in the number of bolls per plant in the variant with herbicide treatment compared with the control by 1.8 times, and in the number of seeds by 5.3 times. This varietywasalso the most sensitive to the effect of Magnum in all parameters of productivity and fiber quality. The results are consistent with the data obtained whentreating various collection samples of fiber flax with a tank mixture Magnum + Herbitox L + Miura at the recommended consumption rates (0.007 + 0.6 + 1.0 kg(l)/ha).

scholarly journals Studying Quality Characteristics of Flax Fiber Depending on Deseeding Device Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Galkin ◽  
Denis G. Fadeev ◽  
Igor V. Uschapovsky
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Vegetation Stage ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Flax Straw

Introduction. The processe of harvesting fiber flax is characterized by tough interactions of the work tools of the flax puller and parts of plants. Different principles and design of work tools for taking out seed bolls from the stem, used in flax harvesting machines, have both advantages and disadvantages. Single-drum comb deseeders are the most effective, but the level of damage to the stems caused during the working of these mechanisms is high. The purpose of this work is the experimental substantiation of constructive changes in the comb deseeder, which allows reducing damage to the stems of the flax fiber in the process of combing and improving the quality of the flax material. Materials and Methods. Fields and laboratories studies of flax harvesting and technological tests of flax straw and fiber were carried out according to the existing methods and standard protocols (GOST). The influence of the harvesting combine speed and deseeder type (the drum for the taking flax balls off by the stems’ combing and for the transporting removed balls to hopper) on the yield and quality of the fiber were determined. The fiber flax variety Alexim (cultivated by All Russian Research Institute for Flax Production, Torzhok) was used as a plant object and the harvesting was carried out in the vegetation stage “yellow stem” – “full ripeness”. Results. The classical design of the combing drum with four ridges for deseeding was changed to three ones that means only one of ridges should be in the layer of flax stems during the combing process. That design could decrease damage to the stems when deseeding stems. Instrumental assessment of fiber shows that after the deseeding by the threeridges drum the quality of flax straw was 0.97–1.09 numbers that was by 0.19–0.28 numbers higher than after using four-ridges drums. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the reducing of the load on the flax stems has a positive effect on the quality of the fibrous products. The yield of long fiber increases by 1.27–1.54% (abs.), and the fiber quality – by 0.3 numbers.

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE CROP AND QUALITY OF FIBER FLAX

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V.G. Chernikov ◽  
◽  
R.A. Rostovtsev ◽  
N.A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
I.V. Uschapovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Yield And Quality

The formation of fiber flax yield and quality parameters depends on many soil-climatic, breedinggenetic, as well as anthropogenic factors. The quality of flax fiber is a combination of a number of features and properties that depend on the varietal characteristics of plants, the conditions of their cultivation, technologies for harvesting and straw retting, as well as on the processing modes of raw materials. During plant vegetation (90-130 days) many factors such as soil conditions (pH 4.8-5.5, humus 1.8-2.5%, P2O5 and K2O – 150-200 and 100-200 mg/kg, respectively) and the area of plant nutrition (15-30 million seeds/ha), temperature regime (the sum of active temperatures 1000-1800ºC), water supplying (400-430 units of water mass to create 1 unit of dry matter) and insolation (the arrival of FAR during the growing season 20-25 kcal / cm²), contamination of weeds (more than 60 annual and perennial species) and pests (more than 200 types of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases), features of phytosanitary measures (more than 50 chemicals) and agrotechnologic manners (Federal Register of technologies for the production of crop products) have a great influence on the quality of flax raw materials and can be a limit factor. Environmentally hazardous pollution of air, water and soil - the main components for the production of fiber flax – strongly affects the yield and quality of flax products. The development of waste-free environmentally friendly technologies for the cultivation, harvesting and processing of flax is an urgent task of scientific support of the industry. The main environmental factors affecting the yield and quality of fiber flax are discussed in the article.

scholarly journals Effects of microwave and ultrasound on the extraction of pectin and its chemical characterisation of banana (Musa sapientum L.) peels

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2030-2036
Author(s):  
A. Phaiphan ◽  
S. Churat ◽  
T. Dougta ◽  
P. Wichalin ◽  
W. Khanchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Degree Of Esterification ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
High Level

Pectin is a polysaccharide that is widely used as a food additive in food industries. Banana peels that are discarded by vendors after processing bananas for food products contain a high level of pectin. The pectin can be extracted from the plant cell walls whereas the conventional method for extraction would normally take some time to get a high yield. This research was conducted to explore the effects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the extraction of pectin and its chemical characteristics found in banana peels. For MAE, the effects of microwave power and extraction time on the yield and quality of extracted pectin was studied. It was found that the pectin yield and chemical characteristics increased with the increase of microwave power and extraction time. The percentage yield ranged from 20.93% to 22.91% for microwave power of 300 W for 5-15 mins. The moisture, ash, degree of esterification, methoxyl, and galacturonic content of extracted pectin by MAE had 8.98%, 5.40%, 75.50%, 12.00%, and 57.80%, respectively. For UAE, the effects of temperature and sonication time on the pectin yield and quality of the extracted pectin were also studied. The pectin yields ranged from 1.81% to 3.49% and the moisture, ash, degree of esterification, methoxyl, and galacturonic content of extracted pectin by UAE had 8.00%, 3.39%, 88.83%, 14.50%, and 90.07%, respectively. Although the use of MAE promoted a high pectin yield it had a lower purity level when compared to UAE. Besides, the chemical characteristics of the extracted pectin by UAE is more comparable with commercial citrus pectin than the pectin extracted by MAE.

scholarly journals Management of Biostimulant and Silicon in Mineral Nutrition and Quality of Cotton Fiber

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
William H. Fichhof ◽  
Ricardo de A. Silva ◽  
Luan S. de Oliveira ◽  
Rudieli M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Water

Silicon (Si) and biostimulant management have been proposed techniques to reduce the impacts of abiotic stresses and to increase the productivity of several crops, however, there are still few concise results of the management of this crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of biostimulant and silicon treatments on isolated or mixed applications on mineral nutrition, yield and fiber quality of two cotton varieties. For this, an experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in the municipality of Luís Eduardo Magalhães-BA, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications, in which four biostimulant treatments (control, without application; Si; biostimulant; and Si + biostimulant) were evaluated in two cotton varieties (FM 954GLT and FM 983GLT). The nutrient content of leaves, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, fiber yield, and quality were evaluated, the data collected were submitted to the F test and means were compared by Tukey at 5% probability. At the end of the experiment, it was verified that the management of Si and biostimulants increase the integrity of the cell wall, the association of Si + biostimulant increases the levels of N, Fe and Si foliar and reduces the levels of B and Mn, and do not influence on yield and fiber quality.

scholarly journals Investigation of some production factors on yield and quality of dry beans

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nemeskéri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Basic Level

The correlation between plant density and yield average shows that the volume of yield increases in varieties of large and medium-size seeds up to a plant density of 285-400 thousand/ha, after which it declines. On the basis of the results, yield averages at plant densities of 285-334 thousand plant/ha are 0.17 t/ha higher than those achieved at low density (200 thousand plant/ha). High levels of potassium fertilizer did not enhance the yield of dry beans. With adequate-water supply the high level of potassium decreased the number of pods and seeds per plant compared with a basic level of fertilizer, which could ensure 2.5 t/ha yield.

scholarly journals Breeding assessment of new promising cotton lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
V. Dimitrova ◽  
R. Dragov
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Lint Percentage ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Remote Hybridization ◽  
Variety Testing

Abstract. Cotton breeding in Bulgaria is mainly aimed at improving the earliness, productivity and fiber quality of modern varieties. The creation of new genetic diversity is one of the basic prerequisites for the success of breeding programs. The aim of the study was to evaluate cotton lines obtained by intraspecific and remote hybridization combined with backcross technology, with a view to their most effective usage in selection. Twenty-three lines were included in competitive variety trials conducted during the 2014-2017 period. The averaged results showed that lines 550, 639, 641, obtained by remote hybridization, appeared to be very promising. These three lines were distinguished by the best combination of productivity, fiber length and fiber lint percentage, and by these three indicators they exceeded the standard variety Chirpan-539. A new cotton variety Aida (No. 457) was approved, which in seed cotton yield and fiber yield, and technological fiber properties surpassed the standard varieties Chirpan-539 for earliness and productivity and Avangard-264 for fiber quality. The candidate variety 535 continued the state variety testing. Two new candidate cotton varieties No. 550 and No. 553 were released. In the state variety testing the three candidate varieties confirmed their qualities. The obtained lines, distinguished by one trait or by a complex of qualities, enriched the gene pool of Bulgarian cotton.

scholarly journals Physiological adjustments, fiber yield and quality of colored cotton BRS Topázio cultivar under leaf silicon spraying

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz ◽  
Patrícia da Silva Costa ◽  
Ivomberg Dourado Magalhães ◽  
Aldair de Souza Medeiros ◽  
Pedro Roberto Almeida Viégas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Physiological Adjustments

ABSTRACT Abiotic stresses reduce the yield and quality of cotton production, however, this problem may be mitigated by exogenous elicitors. This study investigated physiological adjustments, improvement in productivity, and fiber yield and quality from naturally colored cotton BRS Topázio cultivar under leaf silicon spraying. Five doses of silicon (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L-1) were tested in a completely randomized design. The variables assessed were physiological, production, fiber yield and quality. Data were submitted to principal component analysis, multivariate and univariate variance, and multiple linear regression. Silicon promotes physiological adjustments, increased production, cotton fiber yield and quality. Optimum silicon dose varies depending on the variable response. Fiber quality from plants treated with silicon is within the expected pattern for this cultivar and the international standard D-4605 of the American Society for Testing and Materials. Therefore, planting BRS Topázio cultivar under silicon foliar applications may be recommended to improve the naturally colored fiber cotton production chain in the Brazilian semiarid region.

scholarly journals Cucumis melo L. Germplasm in Tunisia: Unexploited Sources of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Hela Chikh-Rouhou ◽  
Maria Luisa Gómez-Guillamón ◽  
Vicente González ◽  
Rafika Sta-Baba ◽  
Ana Garcés-Claver
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Breeding for disease resistance has been one of the most important research objectives in melon for the last few decades. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom) is among the most threatening melon fungal diseases along the Mediterranean coast, affecting yield and quality. Since genetic resistance is one of the best sustainable strategies that can be used to control this pathogen, 27 Tunisian melon accessions collected from local farmers have been tested using phenotypic and molecular approaches to identify new sources of resistance to be used directly as cultivars in affected areas or as resistance donors in breeding programs. The phenotypic evaluations, using artificial inoculations, showed several resistant accessions to the pathogenic races of Fom. Additionally, molecular analysis revealed that 13 out of 27 accessions carried the resistance Fom-1 gene (7 in homozygous state and 6 in heterozygous state), confirming their resistance to races 0 and 2. Two of them were also identified as heterozygous for the Fom-2 gene, being resistant to races 0 and 1. Furthermore, two accessions with a high level of resistance to the most virulent race 1.2 have been also reported. This melon germplasm should be explored as a potential source of resistance genes in breeding programs to develop new resistant melon cultivars.

scholarly journals Влияние «Аквадон-Микро» на продуктивность льна-долгунца

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Kruglova ◽  
R.P. Zolotova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Fiber Flax

Особая роль в повышении урожайности и качества льна-долгунца отводится оптимизации питания растений, направленного на совместное применение макро- и микроудобрений. Исследования проводились в 20162018 гг. в Костромской области. Опыты закладывали на дерново-подзолистой среднесуглинистой почве с низкой обеспеченностью элементами питания (кроме фосфора) и оптимальным для льна показателем рН. Агрохимическая характеристика пахотного горизонта: содержание гумуса 1,41,83 (по Тюрину) содержание подвижного фосфора 120176 мг/кг, калия 4498 мг/кг почвы (по Кирсанову), рНkcl 5,065,98 ед. Применяемая в опыте агротехника общепринятая для региона. Опыт был заложен в трёх повторениях. В проведённых исследованиях была изучена возможность увеличения урожайности льнопродукции и улучшения показателей качества волокна за счёт применения внекорневой подкормки растений микроудобрением Аквадон-Микро (2 л/га) в разные фазы развития в фазу ёлочка и в фазу быстрого роста. Применение микроэлементного удобрения Аквадон-Микро по фону минеральных удобрений способствовало увеличению урожайности соломки (на 5,07,3), семян (на 4,56,0), выхода длинного волокна (на 0,21,1), его урожайности (на 6,012,1), номера тресты (на 0,25) по сравнению с контролем. Результаты полученных данных дают основание сделать вывод, что обработка вегетирующих растений микроудобрением Аквадон-Микро приводит к увеличению урожайности и качеству льнопродукции. Опрыскивание им льна-долгунца в фазу ёлочка повышает эффективность данного приёма в большей степени, чем его применение в фазу быстрого роста.A special role in increasing the crop yield and quality of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum) is played by the optimization of plant nutrition focused on the combined use of macro- and micronutrients. The researches were conducted in 20162018 in the Kostroma region. The experiments were carried out on soddy podzolic middle loamy soil with a low supply of nutrients (except phosphorus) and an optimal pH value for flax. Agrochemical characteristics of the plough-layer: humus content is 1.41.83 (according to Tyurin) the content of labile phosphorusis 120176 mg/kg, potassium is 4498 mg/kg of soil (according to Kirsanov), pHkcl 5.065.98. The agrotechnics used in the experiment is generally accepted for the region. The experience was carried out in three repetitions. In the conducted researches the possibility of increasing the crop yield of flax products and improving the fiber quality indicators due to the application of foliage application of plants with micronutrient Aquadon-Micro (2 l/ha) in different development phases in the herringbone phase and in the phase of rapid growth was studied. The use of the micronutrient fertilizer Aquadon-Micro against the background of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in the crop yield of straw (by 5.07.3), seeds (by 4.56.0) and the long fiber yield (by 0.2 1.1), its crop yield (by 6.012.1), retted stalks numbers (by 0.25) compared with the control. The results of the obtained data allow us to conclude that the processing of vegetative plants with micronutrient Aquadon-Micro leads to an increase in crop yield and the quality of flax products. Spraying fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum) with it in the herringbone phase increases the effectiveness of this technique to a greater extent than its use in the rapid growth phase.

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