scholarly journals Saranjana in Historical Record: The City's Invisibility in Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Mansyur Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People

Saranjana is a mystical city that is a myth for the people of Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan. Rumours about this mysterious city became increasingly excited because its existence, but not recorded on the map of Indonesia. Therefore it is very interesting to examine from a historical point of view. The purpose of this paper is to uncover the historical side of the occult city suggestion on Pulau Laut. This study using the method of history is a method to test and analyze the critical records and relics of the past. The historical method consists of four stages, namely heuristics (data collection), source criticism, interpretation (interpreting facts) and historiography. The results show exist of Saranjana in a place between fact and myth. In conclusion, there are two hypotheses that the Saranjana is ethnic state Dayak Samihim tribe. Then the second hypothesis, that Saranjana is (only) the dream country of Prince Purabaya in the 18th century AD.

The First Quarantine: How the Plague Became a Political Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Composite Object ◽  
The Past ◽  
Moral Assessment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modern Form

The great plague of 1665-1666 is one of the starting points for the birth of biopolitics in its modern form. The quarantine measures introduced by the government have been considered effective from the medical point of view since the middle of the 18th century. However, many of those contemporary with the plague were convinced that the state was only worsening matters for London’s inhabitants. The author examines why the plague elicited such an ambivalent response in England and how the disease stopped being a composite object and turned into a “comfortable, domesticated” concept. The article investigates why the moral assessment of those measures has become so different over the past hundred years and shows how the quarantine in London influenced the “hygienic revolution.” Apart from its historical interest, this case is a suitable topic for the use of STS methodology because it illustrates the impossibility providing a complete description of the quarantine process and subsequent medical treatment in terms of a conflict between different actors. In order to understand why these measures have subsequently been perceived in this fashion, the author applies the concept of Lovecraftian horror, which offers a way to describe the situation of “collisions” with the plague. By describing how biopolitics released the moral tension built up by the co-existence of different interpretations of the causes of the epidemic, the author reconstructs the retrospective creation of the myth about the success of the quarantine. He contrasts the logic of “multiplicity” with the unifying descriptions and shows the kind of problems a “blurred” ontology can bring on during a crisis in everyday life. This leads to a discussion of the difficulty of holding onto unstable objects that have the potential for liberation from the logic of paternalistic care.

Social Implications of Big Data and Fog Computing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1564-1619
Author(s):  
Jeremy Horne
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Collection Management ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Artificial Brain

In the last half century, we have gone from storing data on 5¼ inch floppy diskettes to the cloud and now use fog computing. But one should ask why so much data is being collected. Part of the answer is simple in light of scientific projects, but why is there so much data on us? Then, we ask about its “interface” through fog computing. Such questions prompt this article on the philosophy of big data and fog computing. After some background on definitions, origins and contemporary applications, the main discussion begins with thinking about modern data collection, management, and applications from a complexity standpoint. Big data is turned into knowledge, but knowledge is extrapolated from the past and used to manage the future. Yet it is questionable whether humans have the capacity to manage contemporary technological and social complexity evidenced by our world in crisis and possibly on the brink of extinction. Such calls for a new way of studying societies from a scientific point of view. We are at the center of the observation from which big data emerge and are manipulated, the overall human project being not only to create an artificial brain with an attendant mind, but a society that might be able to survive what “natural” humans cannot.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DETERMINISM AND TERRITORIAL PUBLIC ACTION IN FRANCE: CHALLENGES AND EVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory BUSQUET
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Narrative ◽  
The People ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Urban Project ◽  
The City

This article proposes a theoretical point of view in order to show the importance of the collective memory and the urban narrative in the strategic approach of the urban project. The capacity of a municipality to build a local narrative joining the past, the memory and the project, is examined in the second part of the article, in a case study of a collectivity confronted with the project of the Grand Paris and strong socio-spatial transformation since 1950. The conclusions of thirty deep interviews, conducted on the people involved in the city organization allow to differentiate legitimated and rejected places in the spaces of remembering, and the difficulties of this kind of municipalities to be pro active in the Grand Paris project.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN PLURALISME MELALUI KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BERBASIS KEMAJEMUKAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Mutakallim .
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perennial Philosophy ◽  
The People ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
The Face ◽  
Exciting Effect

Experts and religious leaders have tried everything in order to create an intimate and harmonious relationship between religious people in this famous, very pluralistic country of Indonesia. Through writings both books, magazines, journals and even through seminars and pulpits of sermons always suggest the importance of cooperation and dialogue between religious groups. Although it seems, their suggestions have not had such an exciting effect. To gain success for the realization of the noble goal of lasting peace and brotherhood among people who in reality have different religions and faiths, it is necessary to have the courage to invite them to make changes in the field of education, especially through a diversity-based curriculum. Because, through a curriculum like this, it is possible to be able to dismantle the theology of each religion which has tended to be displayed exclusively and dogmatically. A theology which usually only claims that only religion can build worldly welfare and usher in humans in God's heaven. The doors and rooms of heaven are only one that cannot be opened and entered except with the religion that he embraces. Even though such aology, we must admit, is something that is very worrying and can disturb the harmony of the people of religions in the present pluralistic era. An era in which all societies with all their elements are required to be interdependent and collect their fate together in order to create lasting peace. Here lies the challenge for religion (including Islam) to re-define itself in the midst of other religions. Or by borrowing the language John Lyden, an expert on religions, is "what should I think about other religions than one’s own? What should a Muslim think about non-Muslims. Is it still as an enemy or as a friend. Of course there is still the presumption of one religion with another as an enemy. It must be thrown away. Isn't in fact all of us as brothers and friends? Islam through the Qur'an and its Hadith teaches tolerant attitudes. In addition, the importance of reforming the PAI curriculum by presenting the face of tolerant Islam can be explained from the point of view of perennial philosophy, essentialism and progressiveness. In the view of perennialism the curriculum is "construct" which is built to transfer what has happened in the past to the next generation to be preserved, continued or developed. While in the philosophical perspective of progressivism, the position of the curriculum is to build a future life in which the past, present, and various plans for the development and development of the nation are used as the basis for developing future life. From this it is possible to teach the principles of humanist, democratic and equitable Islamic teachings to students. A principle of Islamic teachings that is very relevant to enter the future of the world which is characterized by the existence of cultural and religious diversity.

scholarly journals The historian in prosecutor’s garb, or, The idea of legal and/or moral responsibility in historiography: The Example of Communism.

AmeriQuests ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Angenot
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Black Book ◽  
The West ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
Real Socialism

Law and historiography share several fundamental paradigms: the search for truth based on facts from the past; investigation; the presentation of “exhibits;” testimony and the evaluation of witnesses (according to the kind of jurisprudence that forms source criticism); the use of “pieces of evidence,” etc. If it is true that “legal principles cannot be transferred as-is into historical research,” that the demands in terms of evidence are not of the same nature, and that—and this is a decisive difference, but one that is not always observed, far from it, and it’s precisely this difference that will be the theme of my reflections today—the historian is not supposed to, having reconstructed the facts, regardless of how incriminating they are, pass judgement on, nor present a prosecutor’s charge against (nor plea for the acquittal of) figures from the past.With a belated but exceptionally violent spurt, the 1997 publication of The Black Book of Communism in France rekindled the long-lasting debate on the role and record of communism, mobilizing the press as a whole and every essayist in sight, with no signs that controversy is about to die down. Un pavé dans l’histoire, by Pierre Rigoulot and Ilios Yannakakis, recounts the first months of the polemic surrounding the “memory of communism” in France, positioning itself from the accusatory point of view of the book’s contributors. Several years later, the collective text Du passé faisons table rase! introduced French readers to the contrasting receptions The Black Book’s translations met in all of Europe’s countries and languages: very favourable in the East, reticent in the West—with intellectual France, as always, a clear exception, diverging from the countries who had known “real socialism,” despite the reluctance of a rearguard of prudently recycled apparatchiki who had preferred not to “stir up the mud” of the past.

scholarly journals Amnesti Umum Nabi Muhammad SAW pada Peristiwa Fathu mekkah

POLITEA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
M. Yakub Amin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Record ◽  
International Community ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Amnesty International ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Unconditional Forgiveness ◽  
Better Than

<span>Fathu Makkah is a historical record of the glory of the Prophet Muhammad who proved the conquest without blood. Fathu Mecca is an authentic proof that general forgiveness or amnesty can be given to the people despite how wrong they were in the past. General Amnesty at the time of Fathu Mecca was proven when not a single blood was shed and unconditional forgiveness was given by the Prophet. The current general amnesty carried out by the international community is no more than a political decision wrapped in rhetoric of peace and humanity. Meanwhile, the Prophet's decision to amnesty was purely due to his humanity and love for peace. There are several points that can be studied at the Fathu Makkah amnesty, namely: Peace Diplomacy Before the Fathu Mecca Incident, Unconditional Forgiveness, Amnesty Fathu Makkah is Better than Amnesty International that Has Been There, The Humanism Attitude of the Prophet in the Fathu Mecca Amnesty</span>

SEJARAH BENTENG LIPU OGENA DI KELURAHAN TAKIMPO KECAMATAN PASARWAJO KABUPATEN BUTON (ABAD XVI-XX)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwiarni Salwiarni ◽  
H. Jamiludin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Study Techniques

ABSTRAK: Permasalahan yang dikemukakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Apa yang melatar belakangi pembangunan benteng Lipu Ogena? (2)  Bagaimana struktur fisik benteng Lipu Ogena? (3) Bagaimana fungsi benteng Lipu Ogena bagi masyarakat Takimpo pada masa lampau dan masa kini? (4) Apa saja peninggalan sejarah yang terdapat didalam benteng Lipu Ogena? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah menurut Helius Sjamsuddin dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: (1) Heuristik (Pengumpulan Sumber), yang dilakukan dengan teknik pengamatan, wawancara dan studi dokumen, (2) Kritik, yang dilakukan melalui kritik eksternal dan kritik internal, (3) Historiografi, yang dilakukan secara sistematis melalui tahap interpretasi, eksplanasi, dan ekspose. Dalam tinjauan pustaka penulis menggunakan konsep kebudayaan, konsep benteng, fungsi benteng dan konsep peninggalan sejarah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Latar belakang pembangunan benteng Lipu Ogena adalah sangat erat kaitannya dengan strategi pertahanan dan keamanan guna melindungi masyarakat yang bermukim di tempat itu dari segala ancaman musuh. Dalam menghadapi situasi yang demikian sulit, maka penguasa di Lipu Ogena mendirikan benteng Lipu Ogena. (2) Struktur fisik benteng Lipu Ogena merupakan benteng pertahanan yang strategis dengan posisinya yang berada di puncak bukit. Benteng Lipu Ogena berbentuk persegi empat dan memiliki luas 100 x 130 meter persegi, struktur fisik dengan berdinding batu gunung. Namun dataran benteng tidak rata sehingga ketinggian susunan batunya berbeda-beda. Susunan batu tertingginya 5 meter sedangkan susunan batu terendah 2 meter. (3) Fungsi benteng Lipu Ogena pada masyarakat Takimpo pada masa lampau adalah sebagai pusat pertahanan dan keamanan, sebagai tempat pemukiman, pusat pemerintahan dan budaya sedangkan pada masa kini fungsi benteng Lipu Ogena sebagai situs sejarah sekaligus sebagai tempat wisata. (4) Peninggalan sejarah yang terdapat didalam benteng Lipu Ogena yaitu berupa koburu (kuburan), masigi (masjid), lawa (pintu masuk), galampa (rumah adat), parang, tombak, perisai  dan batu yang dahulu digunakan sebagai tempat pelantikan parabela. Kata kunci: Struktur, fungsi, peninggalan, benteng ogenaABSTRACT: The problems raised in this study are as follows: (1) What is behind the construction of the Lipu Ogena fort? (2) What is the physical structure of the Lipu Ogena fort? (3) What is the function of the Lipu Ogena fortress for the people of Takimpo in the past and present? (4) What are the historical relics contained in the Lipu Ogena fortress? The method used in this study is the historical method according to Helius Sjamsuddin with the following steps: (1) Heuristics (Collection of Sources), which are carried out by observation, interview and document study techniques, (2) Criticism, which is carried out through external criticism and internal criticism, (3) Historiography, which is carried out systematically through the stages of interpretation, explanation, and exposure. In literature review, the writer uses the concept of culture, the concept of a fort, the function of the fort and the concept of historical heritage. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The background of the construction of the Lipu Ogena fort is very closely related to the defense and security strategy to protect the people who live in that place from all enemy threats. In dealing with such a difficult situation, the authorities at Lipu Ogena established the Lipu Ogena fortress. (2) The physical structure of the Lipu Ogena fort is a strategic fortress with its position on the hilltop. Lipu Ogena Fortress is rectangular and has an area of 100 x 130 square meters, physical structure with stone walled mountains. But the fort plain is not flat so the height of the stone arrangement varies. The highest stone arrangement is 5 meters while the lowest stone structure is 2 meters. (3) The function of the Lipu Ogena fortress in the Takimpo community in the past was as a center of defense and security, as a place of settlement, a center of government and culture while at present the function of the Lipu Ogena fortress as a historical site as well as a tourist site. (4) Historical relics contained in the Lipu Ogena fortress are in the form of koburu (graves), masigi (mosque), lawa (entrance), galampa (traditional house), machetes, spears, shields and stones that were used as places for parabela inauguration. Keywords: Structure, function, heritage, ogena fort

The Age of Enlightenment and Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Boto
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Access ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
State Guard

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that took place in Europe in the 18th century, whose main characteristic was criticism. For the Enlightenment theorists, it was assumed that the idea of reason should be the basis of all actions taken in every sphere of social life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the entanglement between Enlightenment and education. In order to do so, we first resort to Kant’s thought. Kant characterizes the Enlightenment as man’s emergence from his own immaturity, defining immaturity as the inability to use one’s own understanding. One can say that the Enlightenment has an intrinsic pedagogical dimension. The enterprise of Diderot’s Encyclopedia consisted of a project that could be regarded as pedagogical, since it aimed at spreading the new breakthroughs of knowledge in all fields to an increasing number of people. The belief of the Enlightenment was that progress in science and technology did not only depend on advances in accumulated knowledge. The achievements of science would also—beyond the new discoveries in the various fields of knowledge—be furthered through the irradiation of that knowledge. The expansion of access to the achievements of science for an increasing number of people was one of the main objectives of the Enlightenment theorists, and particularly of the Encyclopedia. It should be noted that these pedagogical projects were based on the thesis that the schooling of society was a strategy with which to secure and consolidate the path of reason, and to protect it against dogmas and prejudices against it. For this reason, the Enlightenment consisted of organization of the intellectual world, whereby the activity of thought effectively became a struggle in favor of freedom of reasoning and freedom of belief. In the Enlightenment ideas of education as set out in Diderot’s Plan of a University or of a Public Education in All Sciences, written while he was under state guard, one can see how the idea of instruction is linked to the concept of civilization. It was believed that, through education, the nation could be enlightened, and the people would also be better prepared to live as good citizens. In addition, it was believed that school education would give people the opportunity to develop the talents nature had endowed them with. The idea was that allowing everyone to have free access to the instruments of rationality and freedom of judgment would bring about the possibility of a fairer, more egalitarian society in which distinctions between its citizens were based on merit rather than inequalities of fortune. Finally, Condorcet’s proposal for the organization of the public education undoubtedly constitutes the matrix of our contemporary idea of the state school. To develop reason presupposes, from the point of view of the Enlightenment, using the instruments of that reason so it can be expressed. This implied the formation of public opinion, which was, per se, a pedagogical task. Also, and most importantly, this implied the necessity of the creation of schools.

Postmodern Curriculum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Krasny ◽  
Patrick Slattery
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
First Nations People

Postmodernism is a mid-20th-century response to 18th-century Enlightenment rationality. As a movement that developed across a diverse range of disciplines, it is not so much defined by a distinct chronology but rather is predicated on a recognition of the past and has come to represent a way of operating. The late Italian semiotician and writer Umberto Eco argued from an ideological point of view that every period in history has had its postmodernism. Architect and critical theorist Charles Jencks further polemicized postmodernism as a specific form of cultural resistance. In his view, postmodernism operates as a communicative set of values to address the needs of a society, and he cites architecture’s response to the pressing need for mass housing and large-scale urban redevelopment as an example of postmodern innovation. Inspired by postmodernism as a critical movement in the arts, architecture, and philosophy, postmodern curriculum similarly works to reject the universalizing ideals of modernity. It shares Jencks’s polemic stance and would have us reimagine the literal and metaphorical bricks and mortar of schools, colleges, and universities to advance a broader understanding of curriculum with the aim of addressing the need to provide fair and equitable access to education. The postmodern notion that the past has everything to do with the present is central to decolonizing efforts aimed at acknowledgment and reconciliation of the devastating and oppressive ends of curriculum as institutions. For example, government-sponsored residential schools in Canada and the United States stand as a glaring example of the abject failure of modern education to embrace the communicative ideals of postmodernism in its response to First Nations people. Postmodern curriculum is committed to a decentering and challenging agenda aimed at exposing and undermining master narratives of truth, language, knowledge, and power. Dynamic and responsive, postmodern curriculum’s holistic and ecological approach to education works to dissolve the artificial boundary between the outside community and the classroom to celebrate and honor the interconnectedness of knowledge, experience, international and local communities, the natural world, and life itself.

scholarly journals Penerapan Lembaga Suluk dalam membentuk nilai-nilai karakter masyarakat

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Syafrizal Syafrizal ◽  
Yoyon Suryono
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Master Teacher ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Collection Methods

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan lembaga suluk dalam membentuk nilai-nilai karakter masyarakat di Rokan Hulu, Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi yaitu pemahaman sudut pandang penduduk pribumi, hubungannya dengan kehidupan, untuk mendapatkan pandangan dunia suluk dengan sampel mursyid (guru utama), wakil mursyid dan pengikut dari suluk. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi di lokasi kegiatan suluk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan lembaga suluk dalam membentuk nilai-nilai karakter masyarakat di Rokan Hulu sangat baik dilihat pada perubahan sikap dan perilaku masyarakat dilihat dari aspek nilai-nilai karakter kejujuran, nilai-nilai karakter Toleransi, keyakinan nilai karakter , nilai dan nilai karakter kerja keras. tanggung jawab karakter. The application of Suluk institutions in shaping the character values of the community  AbstractThe research aims to find out the application of suluk institutions in shaping the character values of the community in Rokan Hulu, Riau Province. This study uses a qualitative type with an ethnographic approach that is understanding the point of view of the indigenous population, its relationship to life, to get a view of the world of suluk with a sample of murshid (master teacher), vice murshid and followers of suluk. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation at the location of suluk activities. The results showed that the application of the suluk institution in shaping the values of community characters in Rokan Hulu was very good seen in changes in the attitudes and behavior of the people seen from the aspects of honesty character values, Tolerance character values, confidence character values, hard work character values and values. character responsibility.

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