scholarly journals Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength and Atterberg Limit of Soft Clay by Stabilizing with Sodium Silicate and Biomass Silica in Batu Pahat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirul Najmi Shukri ◽  
◽  
Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin ◽  
Ahmad Hakimi Mat Nor ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Determine Effect ◽  
Problematic Soil

Soft clay soils can be considered as problematic soil with the characteristic of high compressibility, low permeability and low shear strength. Construction on soft clay deposit may causes problem such as insufficient bearing capacity, settlement problem and instability on excavation and embankment. Ground improvement methods were used as the aimed of this study is to determine the effect of non-traditional stabilizer on the compressive strength of soft clay soils. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine effect of compressive strength of untreated and treated soft clay soil with addition of non-traditional stabilizer at different curing periods. The soil properties of soft clay soil such as compaction, Atterberg limits, and unconfined compression strength (UCS) testing methods were used to observe the performance of treated and untreated samples. The test results from the UCS indicated that once Biomass Silica and Sodium Silicate in the form of SH-85 and TX-85 have been added to the clay soil, the strength of the sample will increase with increasing percent of sodium silicate and curing periods.

UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF CLAY SOIL STABILISED WITH BIOMASS SILICA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Kasim ◽  
Aminaton Marto ◽  
Nur Amalina Abdul Rahman ◽  
Choy Soon Tan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Basic Characteristics

This study presents the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and microstructure of clay soil stabilized with locally made Biomass Silica (BS) in the form of SH-85. Since the construction of highway on soft soil raises many problems due to its low strength, understanding about the basic characteristics of soft clay and mixed with BS, play important role for improving the strength of the soft clay. The study carried out had the specific objectives to determine engineering properties of soft clay, to investigate the UCS of soft clay treated with BS and to analyze microstructure of the soft soil treated by BS with respect to various curing periods. In this study, 30 samples of clay soil were prepared under various curing periods (0, 7, 14 and 28 days) and mixed with BS at various percentages (5 %, 7 % and 9 %). The test results show that BS can increase the strength of the clay soil. The 9% BS treated sample for 7 days curing time achieved UCS of 710 kPa. This was approximately 6 times greater than that of untreated soil strength. The highest strength was 1216 kPa at 28 days curing for soil mixed with 9% BS. The images of Scanning Electron Microscopic show that the voids of the clay would filled by the new component resulted by the reaction of BS stabilizer with the natural clay samples. This led to a continuous soil fabric resulting with stronger and denser soil.

Uplift and Settlement Prediction Model of Marine Clay Soil e Integrated with Polyurethane Foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
D.C. Lat ◽  
I.B.M. Jais ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
B. Baharom ◽  
N.Z. Mohd Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Effective Thickness ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Uplift Pressure ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Improvement Method

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foam is a lightweight material that can be used efficiently as a ground improvement method in solving excessive and differential settlement of soil foundation mainly for infrastructures such as road, highway and parking spaces. The ground improvement method is done by excavation and removal of soft soil at shallow depth and replacement with lightweight PU foam slab. This study is done to simulate the model of marine clay soil integrated with polyurethane foam using finite element method (FEM) PLAXIS 2D for prediction of settlement behavior and uplift effect due to polyurethane foam mitigation method. Model of soft clay foundation stabilized with PU foam slab with variation in thickness and overburden loads were analyzed. Results from FEM exhibited the same trend as the results of the analytical method whereby PU foam has successfully reduced the amount of settlement significantly. With the increase in PU foam thickness, the settlement is reduced, nonetheless the uplift pressure starts to increase beyond the line of effective thickness. PU foam design chart has been produced for practical application in order to adopt the effective thickness of PU foam within tolerable settlement value and uplift pressure with respect to different overburden loads for ground improvement works.

Effect of Borax on Lightweight Material from Cullet and Fly Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthima Sriprasertsuk ◽  
Phatthiya Suwannason ◽  
Wanna T. Saengchantara
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Heat Process ◽  
Lightweight Material

This work investigated the recycling of fly ash waste and cullet as the raw materials for lightweight bodies produced by heat treatment and using sodium silicate as the binder. Borax was mixed with fly ash and cullet, and put into the block in dimension 10x10x2 cm3. The lightweight materials thus produced were then sintered at temperature of 800 °C. Density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity were determined. Borax showed a positive sintering effect on the porosity of lightweight material during the heat process. The compressive strength of lightweight material diminished with the reduction of density and thermal conductivity. Lightweight material manufactured with borax showed the lower density and thermal conductivity accompanied by the higher compressive strength. The test results indicated that using fly ash and cullet as the raw material with borax could obtain the lightweight material, thus enhancing the possibility of its reuse in a sustainable way.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Daya Dukung Tanah Lunak Hasil Stabilisasi Kimia dengan Terra Firma di Daerah Gedebage, Kota Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat. (Hal. 93-109)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Bayu Arifianto ◽  
Benny Moestofa
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Terra Firma ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Scale Test

ABSTRAK Tanah lempung lunak adalah salah satu jenis tanah dasar yang sering menyebabkan masalah dalam berbagai jenis konstruksi karena daya dukungnya rendah dan kepekaan terhadap perubahan kadar air cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan tanah dasar menggunakan bahan kimia Terra Firma untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah dasarnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan pengambilan sampel dari Proyek Summarecon di Gedebage, Kota Bandung, termasuk pengujian skala laboratorium, untuk menentukan sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah lempung lunak. Uji skala laboratorium telah dilaksanakan pada berbagai variasi campuran tanah dengan komposisi Terra Firma 3%, 6%, dan 9%. Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium diperoleh nilai CBR tanah dasar sebesar 2,7% dan UCS 2,02 kg/cm², sedangkan hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa campuran Terra Firma yang paling efektif adalah 6% dengan waktu pemeraman selama 21 hari, dimana nilai CBR yang diperoleh sebesar 37,28% dan UCS 9,66 kg/cm². Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan stabilisasi kimia Terra Firma dapat meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lempung lunak hingga 14 kali. Kata kunci: tanah lempung lunak, daya dukung, stabilisasi kimia, Terra Firma. ABSTRACT Soft clay soil is one of the basic types of soil that often causes problems in any kinds of construction due to its low bearing capacity and high sensitivity to changes in moisture content. Therefore, the soil needs to be repaired by applying Terra Firma chemicals to increase the bearing capacity of the soil. This research is conducted by taking soil samples from the Summarecon Gedebage Project area, Bandung City, and was conducted laboratory scale testing, to determine the physical and mechanical properties of soft clay soil. The laboratory scale test was conducted with various variations of ground mixture with Terra Firma 3%, 6%, and 9%. Based on laboratory test results it is found that the base soil CBR value is 2.7% and UCS 2.02 kg/cm², while the applied Terra Firma chemicals comparison result shows that the 6% mixture is the most effective with 21 days curing time, CBR value of 37.28% and UCS 9.66 kg/cm². Therefore it can be concluded that the use of Terra Firma chemicals can increase the bearing capacity of soft clay soil up to 14 times. Keywords: soft clay soil, bearing capacity, chemical stabilization, Terra Firma.

Studies on compressive strength of sandy clay soil samples with different percentages of lime and nylon fibres

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sini ◽  
T Ahira
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Horizontal Layer ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nylon Fibre ◽  
Properties Of Soil

To develop economically feasible and durable methods of ground improvement are some of the major challenges faced by geotechnical engineers. Many commonly available stabilisers like lime, fly ash, rice husk ash has been used in many studies. These stabilisers are known to improve the compressive strength of soil. But in order to improve the tensile properties of soil and increase the ductility characteristics, fibres can be included along with the commonly used stabilisers. In this paper values of compressive strength of sandy clay soil treated with different concentrations of lime and nylon fibre is studied and compared with the values of untreated native soil. The compressive strength of soil increases with increase in lime content up to 10%. The compressive strength of soil also increases with nylon fibre inclusion up to a concentration of 0.3%. With further increase in nylon fibre content, compressive strength decreases in the studied samples. In the present study the difference in the increase in compressive strength shown by composites with random and horizontal layers of nylon fibres as inclusions appears to be very small. The present study concludes that a combination of lime and nylon fibre can be a better stabilizer for ground improvement. Keywords—unconfined compressive strength, lime, horizontal layer, nylon fibre

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Soil Stabilization Relevant to Transport Infrastructure using Bagasse Ash and Stone Dust and Cost Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1963
Author(s):  
Sudip Basack ◽  
Ghritartha Goswami ◽  
Hadi Khabbaz ◽  
Moses Karakouzian ◽  
Parinita Baruah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stone Dust

Soft ground improvement to provide stable foundations for infrastructure is national priority for most countries. Weak soil may initiate instability to foundations reducing their lifespan, which necessitates the adoption of a suitable soil stabilization method. Amongst various soil stabilization techniques, using appropriate admixtures is quite popular. The present study aims to investigate the suitability of bagasse ash and stone dust as the admixtures for stabilizing soft clay, in terms of compaction and penetration characteristics. The studies were conducted by means of a series of laboratory experimentations with standard Proctor compaction and CBR tests. From the test results it was observed that adding bagasse ash and stone dust significantly upgraded the compaction and penetration properties, specifically the values of optimum moisture content, maximum dry density and CBR. Comparison of test results with available data on similar experiments conducted by other researchers were also performed. Lastly, a study on the cost effectiveness for transport embankment construction with the treated soils, based on local site conditions in the study area of Assam, India, was carried out. The results are analyzed and interpreted, and the relevant conclusions are drawn therefrom. The limitations and recommendations for future research are also included. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091771 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Improvement of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Soft Clay using Microbial Calcite Precipitates

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Nawar Aqeel Ali ◽  
Mahdi O. Karkush
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Undrained Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Improvement Method ◽  
Bacillus Sonorensis ◽  
Undrained Shear

The precipitation of calcite induced via microorganisms (MICP) is a technique that has been developed as an innovative sustainable ground improvement method utilizing ureolytic bacteria to soil strengthening and stabilization. Locally isolated Bacillus Sonorensis from Iraqi soil samples were found to have high abilities in producing urease. This study aims to use the MICP technique in improving the undrained shear strength of soft clay soil using two native urease producing bacteria that help in the precipitation of calcite to increase the cementation between soil particles. Three concentrations of each of the locally prepared Bacillus sonorensis are used in this study for cementation reagent (0.25M, 0.5M, and 1M) during the period of treatment. The results showed that the native isolated bacteria have high activity in bindings the soil particles together. The results of unconfined compressive strength tests showed that using MICP helps increase the undrained shear strength of soil by (3-5 times) for C11 types of native isolates, but the D11 was (1.5-2 times) because two types have different activity. This study's main finding is using the native urease-producing bacteria isolated from Iraqi soil in the MICP technique for the biocementation of soil, which is considered one of the sustainable techniques in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Macroscopic and Microscopic Mechanisms of Cement-Stabilized Soft Clay Mixed with Seawater by Adding Ultrafine Silica Fume

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Qian Shi ◽  
Shihao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Ultrafine Silica ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The strength of the cement-stabilized soil can be improved by the use of seawater. Compressive strength test results show that the strength of cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater is 50% greater than that mixed with freshwater at the 90th day. However, the application is limited because the expansion of the cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater increases significantly. A kind of ultrafine silica fume was added into the cement-stabilized soil to inhibit swelling of the cement-stabilized soil with seawater. The expansion of cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater by adding ultrafine silica fume is close to that of cement-stabilized soil mixed with freshwater. With the addition of ultrafine silica fume, the unconfined compressive strength increases by close to 6.5% compared with seawater alone at the 90th day. The mechanisms of adding ultrafine silica fume into the cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater are revealed by several physical and chemical characterization parameters, such as specific gravity, unbound water content, surface morphology seen with SEM, and crystal products by X-ray diffraction tests. The results show that the crystal growth is an important factor, affecting the strength and expansion of cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater.

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