A Short Review on Recent Development of Laccase Immobilization on Different Support Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norsyafiqah Amalina Ahmad Jafri ◽  
◽  
Roshanida A. Rahman ◽  
Noorhalieza Ali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
High Production ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Laccase Immobilization

Laccase is a bio catalytic agent and multi-copper enzyme containing oxidases that are potentially great for oxidizing large number of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. However, drawbacks do arise when laccase use in large scale; low in stability, high production cost, non-reusability, sensitive towards denaturing and poor storage ability of free enzymes. These problems lead to the progress in laccase immobilization in order to facilitate the efficient recovery and re-use of the enzyme, thus enabling cost-effective in continuous processes. Apart from discussing on different methods in laccase immobilization such as entrapment, encapsulation and cross-linking in general, we have reviewed a recent development in laccase immobilization on different supports or carriers binding (natural and synthetic). Future works are recommended to focus on innovative strategies on the modified supports to improve the enzyme immobilization as well as sensible entrapment techniques for industrial applications.

Bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates blends and composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy A. Madbouly
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
New Generation

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are linear semicrystalline polyesters produced naturally by a wide range of microorganisms for carbon and energy storage. PHAs can be used as replacements for petroleum-based polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in many industrial applications due to their biodegradability, excellent barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties. The overall industrial applications of PHAs are still very limited due to the high production cost and high stiffness and brittleness. Therefore, new novel cost-effective production method must be considered for the new generation of PHAs. One approach is based on using different type feedstocks and biowastes including food byproducts and industrial and manufacturing wastes, can lead to more competitive and cost-effective PHAs products. Modification of PHAs with different function groups such as carboxylic, hydroxyl, amine, epoxy, etc. is also a relatively new approach to create new functional materials with different industrial applications. In addition, blending PHA with biodegradable materials such as polylactide (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), starch, and distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is another approach to address the drawbacks of PHAs and will be summarized in this chapter. A series of compatibilizers with different architectures were successfully synthesized and used to improve the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PHAs and PCL. Finer morphology and significantly improvement in the mechanical properties of PHA/PCL blends were observed with a certain type of block compatibilizer. In addition, the improvement in the blend morphology and mechanical properties were found to be strongly influenced by the compatibilizer architecture.

scholarly journals Fermentative Production of Mannosylerythritol Lipids using Sweetwater as Waste Substrate by Pseudozyma antarctica (MTCC 2706)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-258
Author(s):  
Jayata Mawani ◽  
Jagruti Jadhav ◽  
Amit Pratap
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mannosylerythritol Lipids ◽  
Pseudozyma Antarctica ◽  
Fermentative Production ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

Abstract Mannosylerythritol lipids are glycolipid biosurfactants with promising industrial applications. However, their commercial production is hindered due to its high production cost. The current study investigates the use of sweetwater, a by-product of the fat-splitting industry in combination with soybean oil for the production of mannosylerythritol lipids using Pseudozyma antarctica (MTCC 2706). The optimum sweetwater and soybean oil concentration of 22% and 7% (w/v) yielded 7.52 g L–1and 21.5 g L–1 mannosylerythritol lipids at shake flask and fermenter level respectively. The structure and functional groups of mannosylerythritol lipids were confirmed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Surfactant properties, such as surface tension, critical micelle concentration, foaming and emulsification of mannosylerythritol lipids were also explored.

scholarly journals Impinging jets – a short review on strategies for heat transfer enhancement

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Ilinca Nastase ◽  
Florin Bode
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Strong Shear ◽  
Flow Phenomena

In industrial applications, heat and mass transfer can be considerably increased using impinging jets. A large number of flow phenomena will be generated by the impinging flow, such as: large scale structures, large curvature involving strong shear and normal stresses, stagnation in the wall boundary layers, heat transfer with the impinged wall, small scale turbulent mixing. All these phenomena are highly unsteady and even if nowadays a substantial number of studies in the literature are dedicated, the impinging jets are still not fully understood due to the highly unsteady nature and more over due to great difficulty of performing detailed numerical and experimental investigations.

scholarly journals Biotechnological Valorization of Pectinolytics and Their Industrial Applications: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Asgher ◽  
Zahid Anwar ◽  
Aftab Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Green Biotechnology ◽  
A Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Agricultural Materials

In the last several years, in serious consideration of the worldwide economic and environmental issues there has been an increasing research interest in the value of naturally occurring bio-sourced materials. Agro-industrial based biomass comprised of pectin is an inexpensive, renewable, abundant natural resource that could be utilized for large-scale and cost-effective production of natural products i.e., pectinolytics. Pectinolytics are one of the most widely distributed enzymes in bacteria, fungi and plants. From ancient times to date, many methods have been introduced to improve the optimization of pectinolytics to obtain high yields of maximal purity. To expand the range of natural bio-resources the rapidly evolving tools of biotechnology can lower the conversion costs and also enhance target yield of the product of interest. This green biotechnology presents a promising approach to convert most of the agricultural materials into a value-added product with multiple applications. Major advances have already been achieved in recent years in order to obtain high levels of purity with optimal yields. The present review begins with an overview of pectinolytics and their physico-chemical features, and their specific role with classification based on pectic materials. Information is also given on the culture influences and potential sources of pectinolytics, followed by a brief summary of various industrial and biotechnological applications and future considerations.

scholarly journals Novel Strategies for Upstream and Downstream Processing of Tannin Acyl Hydrolase

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis V. Rodríguez-Durán ◽  
Blanca Valdivia-Urdiales ◽  
Juan C. Contreras-Esquivel ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera ◽  
Cristóbal N. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nonaqueous Media ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Gallic Acid Esters

Tannin acyl hydrolase also referred as tannase is an enzyme with important applications in several science and technology fields. Due to its hydrolytic and synthetic properties, tannase could be used to reduce the negative effects of tannins in beverages, food, feed, and tannery effluents, for the production of gallic acid from tannin-rich materials, the elucidation of tannin structure, and the synthesis of gallic acid esters in nonaqueous media. However, industrial applications of tannase are still very limited due to its high production cost. Thus, there is a growing interest in the production, recovery, and purification of this enzyme. Recently, there have been published a number of papers on the improvement of upstream and downstream processing of the enzyme. These papers dealt with the search for new tannase producing microorganisms, the application of novel fermentation systems, optimization of culture conditions, the production of the enzyme by recombinant microorganism, and the design of efficient protocols for tannase recovery and purification. The present work reviews the state of the art of basic and biotechnological aspects of tannin acyl hydrolase, focusing on the recent advances in the upstream and downstream processing of the enzyme.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Production of L-DOPA by Tyrosinase-Immobilized Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanogranules in Engineered Halomonas bluephagenesis TD01

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3778
Author(s):  
Jiping Zhao ◽  
Ganqiao Ran ◽  
Mengmeng Xu ◽  
Xiaoyun Lu ◽  
Dan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Monophenolase Activity ◽  
High Production ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Dopa Concentration

3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) is a preferred drug for Parkinson’s disease, with an increasing demand worldwide that mainly relies on costly and environmentally problematic chemical synthesis. Yet, biological L-DOPA production is unfeasible at the industrial scale due to its low L-DOPA yield and high production cost. In this study, low-cost Halomonas bluephagenesis TD01 was engineered to produce tyrosinase TyrVs-immobilized polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanogranules in vivo, with the improved PHA content and increased immobilization efficiency of TyrVs accounting for 6.85% on the surface of PHA. A higher L-DOPA-forming monophenolase activity of 518.87 U/g PHA granules and an L-DOPA concentration of 974.36 mg/L in 3 h catalysis were achieved, compared to those of E. coli. Together with the result of L-DOPA production directly by cell lysates containing PHA-TyrVs nanogranules, our study demonstrated the robust and cost-effective production of L-DOPA by H. bluephagenesis, further contributing to its low-cost industrial production based on next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB).

scholarly journals Equal-Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE): From a Laboratory Curiosity to an Industrial Technology

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Segal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Structure Modification ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Angular Extrusion

This paper presents a state-of-the-art and a retrospective view of the critical stages in the evolution of equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) from the original idea to a cost-effective industrial technology. These stages include optimization of the structure modification and material processing, development of the special tools, process commercialization, and a large-scale validation of the semi-continuous ECAE at the industrial floor. All aspects are extensively summarized, based on the author’s experience in the field, which spans almost half of a century. Special attention is paid to the processing of large batch billets. Practical examples illustrate industrial applications of ECAE. The scope for future development is also discussed.

scholarly journals Generation of compressed air by cascaded thermocompressors – project status

2021 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Fabian Fischer ◽  
Hans-Detlev Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Annular Gap ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Constructive Simplicity

Compressed air is one of the most widely used industrial energy sources, and its production by mechanical compressors is extremely expensive and, in addition, inefficient. Therefore, the utilization of waste heat, which accrues on a large scale in many industrial applications, by means of a thermocompressor is an obvious alternative. This contribution presents a design approach to experimentally investigate a reciprocating thermocompressor with a self-actuated overdriven free displacer. These experiments shall be the basis for the design and realization of a cascade of identical stages, which has so far only been investigated by means of analytical modelling and theoretical similarity considerations. The main advantage of this approach is its extreme constructive simplicity and the expected self-regulating effect, which both facilitate a cost-effective production and operation. As the minimization of dead volume and fluid friction losses is essential, the heat exchangers and the regenerator are plainly realized by an annular gap around the displacer in the proposed design, thus further increasing its simplicity. The design parameters are determined by an optimization based on an analytical model extended by various losses and heat transfer limitations.

scholarly journals The Blending of Poly(glycolic acid) with Polycaprolactone and Poly(l-lactide): Promising Combinations

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2780
Author(s):  
Luca Magazzini ◽  
Sara Grilli ◽  
Seif Eddine Fenni ◽  
Alessandro Donetti ◽  
Dario Cavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Heat Distortion Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) holds unique properties, including high gas barrier properties, high tensile strength, high resistance to common organic solvents, high heat distortion temperature, high stiffness, as well as fast biodegradability and compostability. Nevertheless, this polymer has not been exploited at a large scale due to its relatively high production cost. As such, the combination of PGA with other bioplastics on one hand could reduce the material final cost and on the other disclose new properties while maintaining its “green” features. With this in mind, in this work, PGA was combined with two of the most widely applied bioplastics, namely poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poycaprolactone (PCL), using the melt blending technique, which is an easily scalable method. FE-SEM measurements demonstrated the formation of PGA domains whose dimensions depended on the polymer matrix and which turned out to decrease by diminishing the PGA content in the mixture. Although there was scarce compatibility between the blend components, interestingly, PGA was found to affect both the thermal properties and the degradation behavior of the polymer matrices. In particular, concerning the latter property, the presence of PGA in the blends turned out to accelerate the hydrolysis process, particularly in the case of the PLLA-based systems.

scholarly journals Elucidation of new xylose metabolizing pathway in Pseudomonas gessardii VXlt-16 and its correlation with xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Ahuja ◽  
Sanjeev Mehta ◽  
Ranju Kumari Rathour ◽  
Vaishali Sharma ◽  
Nidhi Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Xylose Reductase ◽  
Xylose Isomerase ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Xylitol Production ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

Abstract Scientific interventions have identified lignocellulosic biomass as potential raw material for various industrial processes. However toxic byproducts released during the process result in deterioration of environment to a greater extent. Microbes can utilize these wastes for production of products of commercial value like bio-fuels, protein, organic acids and xylitol. However, high production cost and astringent operating conditions have been the major bottlenecks for its commercial production. In microbes, xylose is metabolized by xylose isomerase (XI) and xylose reductase-xylitol dehydrogenase (XR-XDH) pathways, with later having ability to transform pure xylose as well as xylose rich lignocelluloses. Efforts to find hyper producer isolates for xylitol production resulted in identification of one such isolate Pseudomonas gessardii VXlt-16 (MG770460) by 16s rDNA sequencing. Statistical optimization resulted in 7.28 folds’ increase in xylitol yield with 64.76% xylose bioconversion. Conversion of xylose to xylitol even at large scale suggests the possible application of bacterial isolate for the production of this useful product at industrial scale.

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