scholarly journals Calculation of the Median Lethal Dose and Low Lethal Dose Using the CombiStats Biometric Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
P. V. Shadrin ◽  
T. A. Batuashvili ◽  
L. V. Simutenko ◽  
N. P. Neugodova
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Dose Determination ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Step Algorithm

The median lethal dose (LD50) and low lethal dose (LD10) are calculated in acute toxicity studies, as well as during specific activity assessment of some medicines. The aim of the study was to develop a procedure for using CombiStats to calculate LD50 and LD10. The authors proposed a step-by-step algorithm for processing bioassay results using the CombiStats biometric software (median effective dose determination model, probit analysis) with conversion of doses to simple fractions (fractions of the maximum dose) to calculate LD50 and LD10. They compared LD50 and LD10 calculation results obtained using CombiStats with those obtained using electronic spreadsheets according to the Bliss–Miller–Tainter–Prozorovsky method described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (General Monograph 1.1.0014.15). It has been demonstrated that the use of CombiStats sometimes has advantages over the use of the pharmacoepoeial method.

scholarly journals Insecticide susceptibility of house flies (Musca domestica) from a livestock farm in Tyumen region, Russia.

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
M. A Levchenko ◽  
E. A. Silivanova ◽  
G. F. Balabanova ◽  
R. H. Bikinyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Livestock Farm ◽  
Median Lethal Dose

The susceptibility of the field populations of the house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) from a livestock farm of the Tyumen region, Russia, to six insecticides (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, permethrin, fipronil, chlorfenapyr) is reported. After a forced contact of adult flies of susceptible strains and first generation of field populations with the residues of insecticides at the bottom of glass cups, the median lethal dose of each insecticide was determined by probit analysis. According to the resistance ratio, the susceptibility of the evaluated field population to insecticides increased in the order: cypermethrin < deltamethrin < permethrin ≤ chlorfenapyr < thiamethoxam < fipronil.

scholarly journals Organoleptic assessment and median lethal dose determination of oral aldicarb in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1480 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Nathaniel C. Rice ◽  
Noah A. Rauscher ◽  
Mark C. Moffett ◽  
Todd M. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Dose Determination

scholarly journals Reversal of Sodium Arsenite Inhibition of Rat Liver Microsomal Ca2+ Pumping ATPase by Vitamin C

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odutayo O. Odunuga ◽  
Gbolahan W. Okunade ◽  
Olufunso O. Olorunsogo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Liver Microsomal Fraction

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), at 10% of its median lethal dose, was administered to rats with and without vitamin C pretreatment. Liver microsomal fraction was isolated and the activity of Ca2+-ATPase was assayed. Sodium arsenite was found to inhibit the activity of the liver microsomal Ca2+-ATPase to 50% to that of control rats. The specific activity of the enzyme in rats administered sodium arsenite with vitamin C pretreatment was not significantly different from that of control rats.

scholarly journals Lethal Dose of Calcium Bentonite in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwika Audiyananda ◽  
Hendro Sudjono Yuwono ◽  
Adria Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Calcium Bentonite

Background: Calcium bentonite is a type of clay produced by a devitrification of volcanic ash which is often used as a traditional medicine to absorb toxins and waste products of metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the lethal dose of calcium bentonite in Wistar rats to explore its toxicity level and safe use.Methods: Fifty male and female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups for each sex. The control group was given 5 cc aquadest whereas the other four groups received calcium bentonite solution of 50 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, 2,000 mg/kgBW, and 5,000 mg/kgBW, respectively, at a single dose. The weight was observed for up to 7 days and analyzed using the unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney test. The death rate was calculated using the probit analysis. Median lethal dose results were then classified according to Loomis Criteria. Results: No deaths occurred at the highest dose, suggesting that the median lethal dose value of calcium bentonite was >5,000 mg/kgBW. No weight loss occurred due to the administration of calcium bentonite and a significant increase in the body weight was even observed in the male rat group. Interestingly, a significant decrease was found in the female rats group when compared to the control group.Conclusions: Calcium bentonite is classified as a practically non-toxic material with a median lethal dose of over 5,000 mg/kgBW.

ROBUST ESTIMATION OF THE MEDIAN LETHAL DOSE

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Kelly ◽  
J. K. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Robust Estimation ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Median Lethal Dose

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of nanosized beet pectin

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
N Yu Alimzhanov ◽  
I Sh Chakeev ◽  
Sh Zh Zhorobekova ◽  
I O Kudaybergenova ◽  
B N Lepshin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Pectin Substance ◽  
Hazard Class

Aim. To determine the acute toxicity and hazard class of nanosized low-esterified beet pectin.Methods. To study the acute toxicity of substances, Kerber’s method was used. Probit analysis for different values of lethal dose calculated by least squares method, as well as morphologic studies, statistical analysis (non-parametric methods - Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) were used. Pectin toxicity was studies on 40 mature Wistar rats of both gender and body weight of 160-230 g.Results. Enteral administration of 12 000 mg/kg of pectin did not affect the general condition and did not lead to lethal outcome. The following values of lethal doses were calculated using probit analysis: LD16=34 990.6542056074≈35 g/kg, LD50=74 242.9906542057≈74 g/kg, LD84=113 495.327102804≈113 g/kg, LD100=133 121.495327103≈133 g/kg. Histological study of rat organ tissues that received 12 000 mg/kg of pectin showed no structural changes in tissues of examined organs. Study drug - nanosized low molecular weight pectin, might be referred to hazard class IV (low hazard substances) according to GOST 12.1.007-76. and classification K.K. Sidorov Pectin substance may be considered as practically nontoxic drug (LD50 >10,000 mg/kg), which corresponds to Class V compounds according to Hodge and Sterner classification and classification by K.K. Sidorov.Conclusion. The results indicate complete safety of nanosized forms of pectin, which opens up prospects for further studies of the biological properties of this substance.

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sapu Jagad (Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl.) pada Mencit Galur Mus muculus

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ira Safitri ◽  
Inayah Inayah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Per Oral

Sapu Jagad (Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl.) plant has been empirically used as traditional medicine. Some studies showthat this plant has pharmacological effects as antibiotic, anticancer, and analgetic. It is of importance to conduct studyin finding out the safetiness of this plant as herbal medicine. Therefore, we conducted study to find out lethal dose ofits leaves on mice (Mus muculus) using acute toxicity test. Several doses have been given to certain groups to find outits effect including death. The extract has been given one time per oral. Then, we recorded the clinical signs and deathof mice until 14 days. The data was analyzed using probit analysis to measure LD50. This study shows that ethanolextract of Sapu Jagad leaves has LD50 12.610 mg/kgBW and toxicity of central nervous system proven by seizureending with death. As conclusion, this extract has toxicity especially to central nervous system.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of The Stripe-Faced Dunnart, Sminthopsis Macroura (Gould 1845), To The Phenyl Pyrazole Insecticide, Fipronil, Toxicological Signs And Implications For Pesticide Risk Assessments In Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Story ◽  
Lyn A Hinds ◽  
Steve Henry ◽  
Andrew C. Warden ◽  
Greg Dojchinov
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Eutherian Mammal ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Female Responses

Abstract A lack of toxicity data quantifying responses of Australian native mammals to agricultural pesticides prompted an investigation into the sensitivity of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Gould 1845) to the insecticide, fipronil (5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl pyrazole, CAS No. 120068-37-3). Using the Up-And-Down method for determining acute oral toxicity in mammals, derived by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), median lethal dose estimates of 990 mg kg− 1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 580.7–4770.0 mg kg− 1) and 270.4 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 0.0 - >20000.0 mg kg− 1) were resolved for male and female S. macroura respectively. The difference between median lethal dose estimates for males and females may have been influenced by the increased age of two female dunnarts. Further modelling of female responses to fipronil doses used the following assumptions: (a) death at 2000 mg kg− 1, (b) survival at 500 mg kg− 1 and (c) a differential response (both survival and death) at 990 mg kg− 1. This modelling revealed median lethal dose estimates for female S. macroura of 669.1 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 550–990 mg kg− 1; assuming death at 990 mg kg− 1) and 990 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 544.7–1470 mg kg− 1; assuming survival at 990 mg kg− 1). These median lethal dose estimates are 3–10-fold higher than the only available LD50 value for a similarly sized eutherian mammal, Mus musculus (L. 1758; 94 mg kg− 1) and that available for Rattus norvegicus (Birkenhout 1769; 97 mg kg− 1). Implications for pesticide risk assessments in Australia are discussed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA [60Co] TERHADAP BACTROCERA CARAMBOLAE DREW & HANCOCK IN VITRO DAN IN VIVO

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Ratna ◽  
Kemas Usman ◽  
Indah Arastuti ◽  
Dadan Hindayana
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Bactrocera Carambolae ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

Effect of gamma irradiation [60Co] against Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock in vitro and in vivo. Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock is one of the most important pests on guava fruit. According to a quarantine regulation in export-import commodities, irradiation treatment is a suitable methods for eradicating infested organism, which is relatively safe for the environment. The aim of this research was to determine mortality doses and an effective dose of [60Co] gamma ray irradiation for the eradication purpose, and its implication on the survival of fruit fly B. carambolae. Two irradiation methods of in vitro dan in vivo were carried out, by exposing egg and 3rd instar larvae of B. carambolae obtained from the laboratory reared insect. Eleven doses of gamma ray irradiation of 0, 30, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 300, 450, and 600 Gy were applied, respectively. The level of 99% fruit fly mortality was estimated by the value of LD99 using probit analysis and the number of larvae, pupae and adult survival were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means compared by Tukey’s test, at 5% of significance level. These result showed that the effective lethal dose (LD99) of irradiation that could be successful to eradicate eggs and 3rd instar larvae in vitro were 2225 and 2343 Gy and in vivo were 3165 dan 3177 Gy, respectively. Almost all of the treated larvae survived and developed to pupae, therefore only the minimum irradiation dose of 30 Gy allowed the pupae to develop into adults.

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