POTATO INTERSPECIFIC POTATO HYBRIDS RESISTANT TO DISEASE CAUSATIVE AGENTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Rogozina ◽  
◽  
N.A. Chalaya ◽  
M.P. Beketova ◽  
V.A. Biryukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agents ◽  
Interspecific Potato Hybrids

Computers and Iatrocomplexities

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Faer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Koch’S Postulates ◽  
Lung Malignancies ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Multiple Etiology ◽  
Great Advance

Developments of disease hypotheses and conceptions of disease as philosophic entities have shown bursts of great advance. One just concluded includes emergence of bacteriology and virology culminating in Koch’s Postulates, which in the twentieth century were primary bases for disease study and colored all approaches to medicine.With recent extraordinary advances in technology, medicine faces great new obligations demanding fresh approaches and untrammeled thinking for solution of problems posed. It is clear that any approach to diseases and disabilities induced by exposures to environmental pollutants must take multiple etiology into account. For example, contributing to causation of lung malignancies one must list usual dusts, radioactivity, smog, auto exhausts, cigarette smoke and genetic composition. Consideration of plural factors in genesis of environmentally associated disease leads to the hypothesis of the incremental insult, a complex and difficult conception in which must be included provision for multiple causative agents, each contributing but a fraction toward total etiology^ Computers developed to their present refinement provide necessary tools for whatever complexity required to spawn and fructify hypotheses of inter-relating associations of incremental insults leading to pathology.

The gut microbiota resistome provides development of drug resistance in causative agents of human infectious diseases

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Ильина ◽  
Е.И. Олехнович ◽  
А.В. Павленко
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Bacterial Genes

С течением времени подходы к изучению резистентности к антибиотикам трансформировались от сосредоточения на выделенных в виде чистой культуры патогенных микроорганизмах к исследованию резистентности на уровне микробных сообществ, составляющих биотопы человека и окружающей среды. По мере того, как продвигается изучение устойчивости к антибиотикам, возникает необходимость использования комплексного подхода для улучшения информирования мирового сообщества о наблюдаемых тенденциях в этой области. Все более очевидным становится то, что, хотя не все гены резистентности могут географически и филогенетически распространяться, угроза, которую они представляют, действительно серьезная и требует комплексных междисциплинарных исследований. В настоящее время резистентность к антибиотикам среди патогенов человека стала основной угрозой в современной медицине, и существует значительный интерес к определению ниши, в которых бактерии могут получить гены антибиотикорезистентности, и механизмов их передачи. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем проблемы, возникшие на фоне широкого использования человечеством антибактериальных препаратов, в свете формирования микрофлорой кишечника резервуара генов резистентности. Over the time, studies of antibiotic resistance have transformed from focusing on pathogenic microorganisms isolated as a pure culture to analysis of resistance at the level of microbial communities that constitute human and environmental biotopes. Advancing studies of antibiotic resistance require an integrated approach to enhance availability of information about observed tendencies in this field to the global community. It becomes increasingly obvious that, even though not all resistance genes can geographically and phylogenetically spread, the threat they pose is indeed serious and requires complex interdisciplinary research. Currently, the antibiotic resistance of human pathogens has become a challenge to modern medicine, which is now focusing on determining a potential source for bacterial genes of drug resistance and mechanisms for the gene transmission. In this review, we discussed problems generated by the widespread use of antibacterial drugs in the light of forming a reservoir of resistance genes by gut microflora.

Positive effect of preparations with antiviral properties on potato productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Kolychikhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Production Conditions ◽  
Chitosan Lactate

In the small-plot experiment of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy against potato viruses in 2014-2019 were tested some kinds of preparations with antiviral activity: Pharmayod, GS (100 g/l of iodine); Immunocytophyte, TAB (20 g/kg arachidonic acid ethyl ester); Ecogel, WS (30 g/l of chitosan lactate); Amulet, TAB (composition of linear polyaminosaccharides (chitosan) in succinic acid solution); Zerox, WS (3000 mg /l colloidal silver); Viron, WS (biostimulant based on urea and citric acid with the addition of essential oils). According to the results of the studies, it was found that, in addition to the effect on the causative agents of viral diseases of potatoes, all tested preparations had a stable tendency to maintain or increase the yield of tubers of infected plants. The increase in the yield of tubers ranged from 0.5 to 1.3 kg/m2. In 2016 under the production conditions of Astrakhan region on the potato variety Impala infected with the PVM + PVS and PVM + PVS + PVY virus complexes a comparative assessment of the effect of Pharmayod and Immunocytophyte revealed a significant increase in the gross and marketable yield of potato plants in the areas with the use of these preparations compared to with control.

Methodical guidelines on the control of fasciolosis in cattle in the Kaluga region

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
A.M. Ustinov ◽  
R.T. Safiullin ◽  
R.R. Safiullin
Keyword(s):  
Infected Animal ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Kaluga Region

Information is provided on the causative agents of fasciolosis and the developmental biology of Fasciola hepatica. Fasciolosis of cattle is widespread in the conditions of the Kaluga Region and the Central Federal District on farms of different forms of ownership. The greatest number of F. hepatica eggs in 1 g of feces in cattle is established in JSC "Iskra" - 175,4 specimens, the lowest - in the samples from cows from private farms - 87,6 sp. At the opening slaughter of cattle at meat processing plants region and slaughterhouses invasion of their fasciolae was 34.8%. The average number fascial one infected animal was 32.1 specimens, including adult - and larval specimens of 25.2 and 6.9 copies At veterinary-sanitary expertise and helminthological autopsy of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts installed year-round invasion fasciolae mainly in the adult stage. Young animals of the current year are infected with fasciola in the pasture massly in August-September, and the extent of invasion in November was 4.3%, for winter-stabling months an average of 12.6%, in March - 17.9% and in April after de-worming - 5.9%.The data obtained in the study of the distribution of the small pond has shown that in the Kaluga region these mollusks are widespread. In this case, the invasion of the small pond snail by larval forms of fasciolae in different years has its own peculiarities, which are influenced by climatic factors.The different dosage forms of clozantel - Rolenol and Santel and Genamectin with mixed fascioliasis and hypodermatosis of bovine in the recommended dose against subcutaneous gadfly larvae - provided 100% efficacy. The tested dosage forms of clozantel are similar in effectiveness against subcutaneous gadfly larvae (EE-100%) and fasciol (EE-95 and 90%, IE-97.4 and 96.3%).The therapeutic and economic effectiveness of complex domestic preparations of Helmicide and Fascocida in spontaneous fascioliasis of cattle is studied.

Fungus Spaeropsis Malorum peck. One of the currant stalk drying agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
S. E. Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Ribes Nigrum ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Red Currant

The article highlights the results of research carried out in 2019-2020 to study the reasons for the drying out of the stems of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) and golden currant (Ribes aureum L.). As a result of research, the fungus Sphaeropsis malorum Peck. in the first in Russia it was revealed from the drying stems of three types of black currants, red currants and golden currants. This  pathogen inhabited currant stems together with fungi from the genus Cytospora spp., causative agents of stem drying. On red currants, it was established that S. malorum was the main causative agent of branch drying, as indicated by the high frequency of occurrence (75.0-83.3 %) of this fungus on the affected stems, compared with species from the genus Cytospora spp. (16.7-33.3 %) and Phomopsis ribesia (25.0 %). Due to the fact that the cultivation of currants in the immediate vicinity of apple and pear trees leads to infection of plants with the fungus S. malorum, it is necessary to avoid planting currants in the vicinity of fruit-bearing seed gardens.

The Role of Free-Living Amoebae Occurring in Heated Effluents as Causative Agents of Human Disease

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Maurice A Shapiro ◽  
Meryl H Karol ◽  
Georg Keleti ◽  
Jan L Sykora ◽  
A J Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Causative Agents

It has been shown that several pathogenic organisms may be frequently found in thermal effluents and cooling systems of coal fired power plants. One of them is pathogenic Naegleria fowleri, the causative agent of an acute fatal human disease - primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). In our study two out of eight power plants investigated, harbored pathogenic N. fowleri in heated water or cooling towers. The occurrence of this organism was related to elevated temperatures. No significant correlation was found for other biological and chemical parameters. In addition, pathogenic Acanthamoeba which causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) was found in the tested heated effluents from coal fired power plants. Non-pathogenic strains of N. fowleri as well as other free-living and “harmless” amoebae were also very abundant in effluents from all investigated coal fired power plants and cooling towers. It has been reported that several species of nonpathogenic amoebae were isolated from humidifiers and air conditioning systems. Serological testing of symptomatic human subjects has indicated that these organisms may be one of the causative agents of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. An experimental study performed in our laboratory involved testing of guinea pigs sensitized by injection of axenic, non-pathogenic N. gruberi. Delayed onset skin reactivity was apparent in all animals injected with the antigen. Antibodies were detected in all sensitized animals. Bronchial provocation challenge employed to investigate pulmonary hypersensitivity was also used, and yielded positive results. All the sensitized animals displayed delayed onset respiratory responses. The results of this study indicate that not only pathogenic but also non-pathogenic free-living amoebae may be important causative agents of human disease. The occurrence of these organisms in cooling systems from coal fired power plants indicates that these facilities may be an important source of infection.

Decoding the Inter-relationship between Sleep Disorders and Alzheimer’s disease Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba Mueed ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Rai ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal ◽  
Nitesh Kumar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Causative Agents

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by abnormally phosphorylated tau, paired helical filaments (PHFs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), deregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Aβ deposits, is a multifactorial disease with sleep disorders being one of the causative agents. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and have tried to decode the existence of positive feedback, reciprocal and a bidirectional relationship allying between sleep disturbances and AD. Much light has been thrown on the role of tau pathology and amyloid pathology in sleep pathology and its association with AD pathology. We have also discussed the role of melatonin in regulating sleep disorders and AD. The neuroprotective action of melatonin via inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ deposition has also been pondered upon. Moreover, astrocytes involvement in aggravating AD has also been highlighted in this review. Several therapeutic approaches aimed at improving both sleep disorders and AD have been duly discussed such as administration of antidepressants and antihistamines, immunotherapy, metal chelators, melatonin supplementation, light therapy and physical activity. Despite consistent efforts, the complete etiology concerning sleep disorder and AD is still unclear. Therefore, further research is needed to unravel the mechanism involved and also to develop strategies that may help in obstructing AD in its preclinical stage.

Theileria parva ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences exhibit extensive polymorphism and mosaic evolution: application to the characterization of parasites from cattle and buffalo

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. COLLINS ◽  
B. A. ALLSOPP
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Theileria Parva ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

We sequenced the rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of several Theileria parva isolates in an attempt to distinguish between the causative agents of East coast fever and Corridor disease. The small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes from a cloned T. p. lawrencei parasite were sequenced; the former was identical to that of T. p. parva Muguga, and there were minor heterogeneities in the latter. The 5·8S gene sequences of 11 T. parva isolates were identical, but major differences were found in the ITS. Six characterization oligonucleotides were designed to hybridize within the variable ITS1 region; 93·5% of T. p. parva isolates examined were detected by probe TPP1 and 81·8% of T. p. lawrencei isolates were detected by TPL2 and/or TPL3a. There was no absolute distinction between T. p. parva and T. p. lawrencei and the former hybridized with fewer of the probes than did the latter. It therefore seems that a relatively homogenous subpopulation of T. parva has been selected in cattle from a more diverse gene pool in buffalo. The ITSs of both T. p. parva and T. p. lawrencei contained different combinations of identifiable sequence segments, resulting in a mosaic of segments in any one isolate, suggesting that the two populations undergo genetic recombination and that their gene pools are not completely separate.

scholarly journals Occupations and exposure events in acute and subacute irritant-induced asthma

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107323
Author(s):  
Irmeli Lindström ◽  
Jussi Lantto ◽  
Kirsi Karvala ◽  
Satu Soini ◽  
Katriina Ylinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Onset ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Strong Acids ◽  
Normal Work

BackgroundExposures leading to irritant-induced asthma (IIA) are poorly documented.MethodsWe retrospectively screened the medical records of patients with IIA diagnosed in an occupational medicine clinic during 2000–2018. We classified the cases into acute (onset after single exposure) and subacute (onset after multiple exposures) IIA. We analysed in detail, occupations, causative agents and their air levels in the workplace, exposure events and the root causes of high exposure.ResultsAltogether 69 patients were diagnosed with IIA, 30 with acute and 39 with subacute IIA. The most common occupational groups were industrial operators (n=23, 33%), metal and machinery workers (n=16, 11%) and construction workers (n=12, 8%). Among industrial operators significantly more cases had subacute IIA than acute IIA (p=0.002). Forty cases (57%) were attributable to some type of corrosive acidic or alkaline chemical. Acute IIA followed accidents at work in different types of occupation, while subacute IIA was typical among industrial operators performing their normal work tasks under poor work hygiene conditions. The most common root cause was lack of information or false guidance in acute IIA (n=11, 36%) and neglect of workplace hygiene measures in subacute IIA (n=29, 74%).ConclusionsAccidents are the main causes of acute IIA, whereas subacute IIA can develop in normal work in risk trades with poor work hygiene. Airborne strong acids or bases seem to be the most important causative agents of acute and subacute IIA. The different risk profiles of acute and subacute IIA should be considered in the prevention and identification of the cases.

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