scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Nickel by Lepidium sativum; Optimization by Response Surface methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Accumulator Plant

Phytoremediation is an alternative to traditional chemical and ways of treating polluted soils. The current study was carried out to investigate the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with nickel (Ni) by Lepidium sativum. Soil samples from 0 to 10 cm depth were collected. Lepidium sativum was transplanted in pots containing 5 kg of the collected soils. Central composite design and response surface methodology were employed in order to illustrate the nature of the response surface in the experimental design and explain the optimal conditions of the independent variables. Different concentrations for Ni (1 to 20 mg kg-1) and times for collecting samples (10 to 40 days) were used. The results showed the amount of Ni removed was ranged from 8.62 mg kg-1 (Ni concentration of 20 mg kg-1 and time for taking samples of 10 days) to 7.066 mg kg-1 (Ni concentration of 10.50 mg kg-1 and time for taking samples of 40days). Additionally, the findings explained that the Lepidium sativum is an effective accumulator plant for phytoremediation of Ni polluted soils. Optimum conditions for nickel concentration and time for taking samples were 19.66 mg kg-1 and 39.28 days, respectively. For the optimum condition, the amount of Ni removed was 10.8095 mg kg-1.

scholarly journals The Brazilian Way to Consume acai: Do guarana Extract and Sugar Concentrations Influence on Acceptance?

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Gabriela Montenegro ◽  
Karen S. Pereira ◽  
Lauro Melo
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
F Test ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Amazon Estuary ◽  
Central Composite

<p class="Normal1"><em>A</em><em>c</em><em>a</em><em>i</em> is a palm widely distributed in the Amazon estuary floodplains. The edible pulp of acai fruits is commonly macerated with water to produce a thick, purple beverage of creamy texture, oily appearance, and characteristic flavor. Depending on the Brazilian region, the acai based-product is prepared adding sugar and <em>guaran</em><em>a</em> extract, but their ideal proportions have never been determined in order to optimize consumers’ sensory acceptance. This research investigated these concentrations using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level, two variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD). Dependent variable was consumer acceptance (flavor, texture and overall liking) and results were analyzed by multivariate regressions. Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) showed significant models – F-test values (29.3 for flavor, for texture 37.8 and 30.4 for overall liking) higher than the critical value of 4.35 (d.f. = 3; p &lt; 0.05; R<sup>2</sup> of 0.926 for flavor, 0.942 for texture and 0.929 for overall liking). Acceptance models are presented (significant parameters). Results showed that guarana extract has a stronger influence (negative) on acceptance compared to sugar (positive), both not on optimal conditions yet. Therefore, more studies are needed in order to optimize acai acceptance.</p>

scholarly journals Optimisation of Tray Drier Microalgae Dewatering Techniques Using Response Surface Methodology

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Anyanwu ◽  
Cristina Rodriguez ◽  
Andy Durrant ◽  
Abdul Olabi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Central Composite

The feasibility of the application of a tray drier in dewatering microalgae was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to evaluate and optimise the effect of air temperature and air velocity as independent variables on the dewatering efficiency as a response function. The significance of independent variables and their interactions was tested by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level. Results indicate that the air supply temperature was the main parameter affecting dewatering efficiency, while air velocity had a slight effect on the process. The optimum operating conditions to achieve maximum dewatering were determined: air velocities and temperatures ranged between 4 to 10 m/s and 40 to 56 °C respectively. An optimised dewatering efficiency of 92.83% was achieved at air an velocity of 4 m/s and air temperature of 48 °C. Energy used per 1 kg of dry algae was 0.34 kWh.

scholarly journals Statistical Optimization of the Induction of Phytase Production by Arabinose in a recombinant E. coli using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Abd-El Aziem Farouk ◽  
Anis Shobirin Meor Hussin ◽  
Ralf Greiner ◽  
Shareef Mohideen Ismail ◽  
Hamadah Mohd Nur Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Phytase Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Central Composite Experimental Design ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Central Composite

The production of phytase in a recombinant E.coli using the pBAD expression  system was optimized using response surface methodology with full-factorial faced centered central composite design. The ampicilin and arabinose concentration in the cultivation media and the incubation temperature were optimized in order to maximize phytase production using 2 3  central composite experimental design. With this design the number of actual experiment performed could be reduced while allowing eludidation of possible interactions among these factors. The most significant parameter was shown to be the linear and quadratic effect of the incubation temperature.  Optimal conditions for phytase production were determined to be 100 µg/ml ampicilin, 0.2 % arabinose and an incubation temperature of 37ºC. The production of phytase in the recombinant E. coli was scaled up to 100 ml and 1000 ml.   

scholarly journals Optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thumb leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Anh T. Vu
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Central Composite

This study was conducted to investigate the application of cellulase enzyme in the extraction of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thumb leaves and optimize the extraction conditions. Independent variables, including enzyme concentration (25 - 100 µg/mL), temperature (30 - 50oC), time (30 - 120 min) and ratio of raw materials to enzyme (1:15 - 1:30 g/mL), were investigated. Extraction conditions of flavonoids were designed according to Central Composite Design - Uniform Precision (CCD), a response surface methodology using a software JMP Pro version 13. The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were found to be enzyme concentration (78.0 µg/mL), temperature (41oC), time (90 min), and the ratio of material to the enzyme (1:26 g/mL). Under such conditions, the highest content of flavonoids (24.04 ± 0.05 mg/g, dry matter) was obtained and validated. It can be concluded that the flavonoids can be optimally extracted under the optimal extraction conditions with assistance of cellulase.

scholarly journals Optimisation of an Aglycone-Enhanced Celery Extract with Germinated Soy Supplementation Using Response Surface Methodology

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2505
Author(s):  
Hazel Lau ◽  
Hui Min Koh ◽  
Hiranya Dayal ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Sam Fong Yau Li
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Central Composite

In this study, the extraction conditions of bioactive aglycones from a celery extract supplemented with germinated soy were optimised by a response surface methodology. For subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to enhance the apigenin content, increased production of its precursor apigetrin was firstly achieved through acidic extraction at optimal conditions, involving water at pH 1, at 75 °C for 2 h. Subsequently, a central composite design was conducted to analyse the pH (3–11) and temperature (25–35 °C) effects on the aglycone levels (apigenin, daidzein and genistein). The optimal extraction conditions were pH 7.02 and 29.99 °C, which resulted in a 40-fold increase in apigenin. The novel and cost-effective application of germinated soy β-glucosidase for the conversion of aglycones in non-soy foods is demonstrated. The enhanced bioactivities of aglycones may suggest potential applications for similar formulations as functional food ingredients.

scholarly journals Optimization of Process Variables by Response Surface Methodology

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Author(s):  
Kashipeta Ravinder
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Maximal Production ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Experimental Runs ◽  
Different Levels

In the present study optimisation of the growth medium for the production of Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) was carried out using response surface methodology. Four important parameters namely starch, yeast extract, K2HPO4 and MgSO4 concentrations were selected as the independent variables and the enzyme activity (CGTase activity U/mL) was the dependent response variable. Each of these independent variables was studied at five different levels as per central composite design (CCD) in four variables with a total of 28 experimental runs. The optimal calculated values of tested variables for maximal production of CGTase were found to be comprised of: starch, 2.16 %; yeast extract, 0.6 %; K2HPO4, 0.62 %; MgSO4, 0.04 % with a predicted CGTase activity of 150 U/ml. These predicted optimal parameters were tested in the laboratory and the final CGTase activity obtained was very close to the predicted value at 148.2 U/ml.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 592-598

scholarly journals Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for optimizing removal of Cr(VI) wastewater using Cr(VI)-reducing biofilm systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurfadilah Mohammed ◽  
Wan Azlina Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Experimental Runs

Response surface methodology (RSM) involving central composite design (CCD) was employed to obtain optimal conditions for Cr(VI) wastewater treatment by Cr (VI) reducing biofilm systems. On the basis of a CCD, RSM was used to determine the effect of initialmetal concentrations (40-100 mgL-1), nutrient supplementations (10-20%) and flowrate (3-6 mLmin-1) on the levels of response, i.e. Cr(VI) reduction efficiency. A set of 20 experimental runs were needed for optimizing of the operating conditions. Quadratic regressionmodels with estimated coefficients were developed to describe the Cr (VI) reduction. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a highcoefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9941, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order regression model with theexperimental data. Cr (VI) reduction had significant effect on all the three dependent variables. The experimental results show that Cr(VI)-reducing biofilm systems could effectively reduce Cr (VI), 100% at the optimum conditions of initial metal concentration of 100mgL-1, nutrient supplementation of 20% and flowrate of 3 mLmin-1. The experimental observations were in reasonable agreement withthe modelled values.

scholarly journals A Comparison between Several Response Surface Methodology Designs and a Neural Network Model to Optimise the Oxidation Conditions of a Lignocellulosic Blend

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Roberto López ◽  
Camino Fernández ◽  
Fernando J. Pereira ◽  
Ana Díez ◽  
Jorge Cara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Central Composite

In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) designs and an artificial neural network (ANN) are used to obtain the optimal conditions for the oxy-combustion of a corn–rape blend. The ignition temperature (Te) and burnout index (Df) were selected as the responses to be optimised, while the CO2/O2 molar ratio, the total flow, and the proportion of rape in the blend were chosen as the influencing factors. For the RSM designs, complete, Box–Behnken, and central composite designs were performed to assess the experimental results. By applying the RSM, it was found that the principal effects of the three factors were statistically significant to compute both responses. Only the interactions of the factors on Df were successfully described by the Box–Behnken model, while the complete design model was adequate to describe such interactions on both responses. The central composite design was found to be inadequate to describe the factor interactions. Nevertheless, the three methods predicted the optimal conditions properly, due to the cancellation of net positive and negative errors in the mathematical adjustment. The ANN presented the highest regression coefficient of all methods tested and needed only 20 experiments to reach the best predictions, compared with the 32 experiments needed by the best RSM method. Hence, the ANN was found to be the most efficient model, in terms of good prediction ability and a low resource requirement. Finally, the optimum point was found to be a CO2/O2 molar ratio of 3.3, a total flow of 108 mL/min, and 61% of rape in the biomass blend.

Enzyme-assisted Extraction for Optimized Recovery of Phenolic Bioactives from Peganum hermala Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
Qadir Rahman ◽  
Anwar Farooq ◽  
Amjad Gilani Mazhar ◽  
Nadeem Yaqoob Muhammad ◽  
Ahmad Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Complexes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Central Composite

This study investigates the effect of enzyme formulations (Zympex-014, Kemzyme dry-plus and Natuzyme) on recovery of phenolics from Peganum hermala (harmal) leaves, under optimized conditions using response surface methodology. As compared to the other enzyme complexes, the yield (34 g/100g) obtained through Zympex-014-assisted extraction was higher under optimized conditions such as time (75 min), temperature (70°C), pH (6.5) and enzyme concentration (5 g/100 g) using central composite design (CCD). Effectiveness of Zympex-014 towards hydrolysis of P. hermala leaves cell wall was examined by analyzing the control and enzyme-treated leave residues using scanning electron microscope (SEM). GC/MS characterization authenticated the presence of quercetin (1.44), gallic acid (0.23), caffeic acid (0.04), cinnamic acid (0.05), m-coumaric acid (0.23) and p-coumaric acid (0.37 μg/g) as the potent phenolics in Zympex-014 based extract. It can be concluded from the findings of the current work that pre-treatment of P. hermala leaves with Zympex-014 significantly enhanced the recovery of phenolics that supports its potential uses in the nutra-pharamaceutical industry.

Response Surface Methodology towards Optimization of Calotropis Procera Essential oil Extraction by using Supercritical CO2.

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Zaeri ◽  
Bahareh Kamyab Moghadas ◽  
Bijan Honarvar ◽  
Ali Shokuhi Rad
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Retrieval Rate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Central Composite

: In this research, the extraction of essential oil from Calotropis Procera with the family name of Asclepiadaceae, by supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) solvent has been investigated in detail, and the yield and chemical profile of the extracts achieved by this method were compared with those resulted by the conventional Hydro distillation method. To optimize the process parameters of CO2 supercritical extraction (SCE) of the Calotropis Procera, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was employed. The effects of temperature, pressure, and extraction time on the oil yield are considered for investigation. Results showed that the data were sufficiently fitted into the second-order polynomial model. The extraction conditions, including pressure, temperature, and extraction time, were studied between 150-200 bar, 40-50 ºC, and 50-100 min, respectively. The optimal conditions are achieved as the temperature of 47.19ºC, the pressure of 172.2 bar, and time of 86 minutes with the retrieval rate of 31.39%.

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