scholarly journals Effect of composition and depth of filter-bed on the efficiency of Sand-intermittent-filter treating the Industrial wastewater at Haridwar, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Rakesh Bhutiani ◽  
Faheem Ahamad ◽  
Mukesh Ruhela
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Filter Bed

Sand Intermittent Filtration (SIF) is an established technology of wastewater treatment and in recent years it gains renewed interest due to its simplicity and less energy requirement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the modified filter-bed Reactor using Sand-intermittent-filtration (SIF) for the removal of physicochemical parameters viz dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness (TH), calcium hardness (CaH), chloride (Cl), turbidity, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) of the Industrial wastewater of State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) at Haridwar. The experiments were performed with the composition of the filter-bed having sand and gravel in the ratio of 1:1 (Reactor I); 1:2 (Reactor II) and 2:1 (Reactor III) at the room temperature 300C. Each Reactor was categorized into A, B and C type based on depth of filter-bed (A=10 cm, B=15 cm, C=30 cm). The maximum removal of TS (52.21%), TDS (50.66%), TSS (57.20%), turbidity (67.36%), chloride (28.81%), BOD (39.18%), COD (38.66%), TH (53.40%), and CaH (62.57%) was observed in Reactor II C (soil and gravel- 2:1 and 30 cm depth of bed) using 0.49 mm effective size and 0.49 uniformity coefficient (UC) of the sand. A mixture of sand and gravel in the Reactor II with a ratio of 2:1 yielded better efficiency in comparison to the Reactor I and Reactor III. Thus, SIF technology could be environment-friendly and economically cost-effective for removing various physicochemical parameters from Industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Treatment and Effective Utilization of Greywater: A Preliminary Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Sneha Gautam ◽  
Lakshmi M. Makhitha ◽  
Anirudh Gupta ◽  
J. Brema ◽  
E. J. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
The University ◽  
Reduction Percentage

Greywater has been identified as a valuable alternative water source over recent years. Few practices (i.e., recycling and reuse) of greywater have attracted global attention in meeting the future water demand. However, essential parameters should be analyzed for reliable reuse and treatment. The present study addresses the possibilities of the alternative source with the treated greywater. Gravity—governed flow methods through a column containing gravel, sand, and activated carbon was applied. The quality of treated greywater from the university campus, which included physical, chemical, and biological parameters, was assessed to check non-potable reuse suitability. The reduction percentage of organics in biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand was 64% and 42%, respectively. Similarly, the reduction percentage was obtained at 74% and 66% for turbidity and electrical conductivity. The removal efficiency was 57%, 77%, 48%, and 44% for total dissolved solids, alkalinity, chlorides, and total hardness. The pH of treated water samples was found in the neutral range suggesting its suitability for reuse. Hence, the proposed greywater treatment method is a cost-effective and straightforward approach to reuse greywater for irrigation, watering the lawns, and car washing. The greywater collected can be disinfected immediately and reused with minimal possibility of regrowth of microorganisms.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contamination and water quality of selected fish ponds at Sunyani, Ghana: A comparison with WHO standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Chemistry International
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Organization

Optimum fish production is greatly dependent on the physical, chemical and biological qualities of water. Hence, successful fish pond management requires an in-depth understanding of water quality. A study to assess heavy metal (Cr, Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn) contamination and physicochemical parameters of water samples from eight selected fish ponds in Sunyani, Ghana, was conducted. The parameters included temperature, pH, salinity, total hardness, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The results revealed detectable Mn and Zn levels in all the selected fish ponds; with Mn levels in three ponds being significantly higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit (< 0.500 mg/L). Of the three samples, which showed detectable Cr and Cd levels, concentrations of two exceeded the permissible limits. Pb was below the detection limit in all the samples whilst Cu levels detected in two of the ponds were below the permissible limit. The investigated physicochemical parameters had the following ranges: temperature 26-29 C, pH 5.8-8.2, BOD 0.3-20 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 37-249 mg/L, EC 73.67-498 μS/cm, total hardness 0.8-5.7 mg/L, salinity 0.03-0.22 psu and COD 2.9-9.7 mg/L. Most of these values were within WHO recommended levels. The findings suggest that regular monitoring of the heavy metal load is necessary to guard against long-term effects of its presence in the water, influencing fish and human uptake.

scholarly journals Surface Water Pollution around Dhaka Export Processing Zone and Its Impacts on Surrounding Aquatic Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Islam ◽  
A. Sultana ◽  
M. S. Sultana ◽  
M. Shammi ◽  
M. K. Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Export Processing Zone ◽  
Processing Zone ◽  
Export Processing

This study based on the physicochemical parameters was conducted in order to determine the pollution status in the aquatic body of Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) area. A total of 5 water samples were collected on the basis of their distance from the effluent outlet and were examined. Physicochemical parameters like color, temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), total hardness, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured via standard determination method. Physicochemical analyses revealed that most of the water quality parameters exceeded the recommended levels set by the Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh. The concentrations were found decreasing with increasing distance from the effluent outlet. A very strong positive correlation was found between BOD and COD in all sampling points. Both BOD and COD values had a strong negative correlation with dissolved oxygen (DO). The results indicated that the surrounding aquatic environment is exceedingly contaminated by various pollutants released from DEPZ which is highly vulnerable for the species on that ecosystem.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND HEAVY METALS IN EFFLUENTS FROM ODOGUNYAN INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, LAGOS, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
S. O. Owalude ◽  
E. O. Odebunmi ◽  
K. O. Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the industrial effluents from Odogunyan industrial estate on the environment was assessed by determination of some physicochemical characteristics of the effluent samples and comparison with discharged standards to ascertain the efficiency of industries’ wastewater treatment process. The physicochemical parameters were evaluated by conventional methods while heavy metals in the effluent samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results for all the effluents revealed that temperature was in the range of 32- 35 ; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 43-86.7 mg/L; Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 492-888 mg/L; Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 1667-13333 mg/L; Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 350-1000 mg/L; Total Solids (TS) 3350-14333 mg/L; Electrical Conductivity 166.5-12390 μS/cm; Total Acidity (TA) 12-60 mg/L and total hardness 24-56 mg/L. The AAS analysis results showed the average metal levels in mg/L as 0.7-1.15, 0.05-0.44, 2.0-45.0, 0.01 and 0.03-0.17 for Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd and Cr respectively. Thus, there is a need for proper remedial measures of the effluents before their discharge into the water bodies

scholarly journals Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of River Kaduna and College of Agriculture and Animal Science Dam, (CAAS) Kaduna, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-699
Author(s):  
R.O. Ojutiku ◽  
S Habibu ◽  
R.J. Kolo ◽  
J.O. Oyero
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Physico Chemical

River Kaduna is one of the major sources of water to the inhabitants of the communities around the river and also to fish farmers while College of Agriculture and Animal Science Dam (CAAS) is used for fish farming and also for domestic purpose. The study was carried out to assess Physicochemical Parameters of River Kaduna and College of Agriculture and Animal Science Dam, Kaduna. The result of seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters between River Kaduna and College of Agriculture and Animal Science Dam, revealed that the atmospheric temperature (AT) ranged from 32.8 to 33.60C, pH at 7.1, conductivity ranged from 83.7 to 139.7µs/cm, dissolved oxygen ranged from 9.2 to 9.4 mg/l, biological oxygen demand ranged from 5.2 to 5.9 mg/l, water temperature (WT) at 29.20C, total hardness ranged from 37.4 to 58.0 mg/l, alkalinity ranged from 18.8 ton29.7 mg/l, chloride ranged from 14.8 to 15.9 mg/l, nitrate and phosphorus ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 mg/l while transparency ranged from 21.4 to 22.3 cm respectively. The seasonal variation result revealed that both at the Dam and river, AT, pH, DO, WT, Chloride, Nitrate, Phosphorus and Transparency values were not significantly different while conductivity, BOD, TH, Alkalinity and Ammonia were significantly different. However, they were significantly difference from one month to another (wet and dry season months respectively).Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, River Kaduna, CAAS Dam

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF SOME WATER BOREHOLES IN EKOSODIN, BENIN CITY, NIGERIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (64) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Henry Agbon Aluyi ◽  
Frederick Osaro Ekhaise ◽  
Basil Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Probability Limit ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Quality

The Bacteriological and physicochemical quality of five (5) boreholes (Ikoyi’s lodge, Newton’s Villa, Iyobosa Hostel, Embassy Hostel and Amega Villa) in Ekosodin village were investigated fortnightly, from March 2004 – July 2004. The bacteriological analysis showed low counts of total heterotrophic and potential human pathogenic bacteria that ranged from 1.0 x 101 cfu/mI – 3.1 x 101 cfu/mI, and 0.0 – 1.9 x 101 cfu/mI respectively. Total coliform counts with MPN values ranged from 0.00MPN/100mI – 9MPN/100mI. E coli occurred occasionally in stations 2, 3 and 5 with a range of 0.00MPN/100mI – 4MPN/100mI. Streptococcus faecalis was observed only in station 3, Clostridium perfringens was not detected in any of the sampled stations. Other organisms isolated and characterized during the study included Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus sp. Some of the physicochemical parameters studied included water temperature, conductivity, pH, total suspended solids, and total dissolved solids. All had low mean concentrations that ranged from 27.0ºC – 28.0ºC; 9.2 – 13.6 us/cm, 6.4 – 6.7; 0.06 – 0.08mg/l and 0.15 – 0.20mg/l respectively. The biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity and total hardness in mg/l were all low and ranged from 0.08mg/l – 0.2mg/l; 0.7mg/l – 1.0mg/l; 5.0mg/l – 6.0mg/l and 0.10mg/l – 0.13mg/l respectively. Other parameters with low concentration were nitrate (0.05 – 0.11mg/l), sulphate, (0.07mg/l – 0.13mg/l) and phosphate (0.0mg/l – 0.10mg/l). All the physicochemical parameters considered did not indicate any possible physicochemical pollution as they all fell within the (9) maximum permissible level for portable water. There were both positive and negative correlations between some of the bacteriological and physicochemical properties at a significant level of 95% probability limit. Based on the bacteriological and physicochemical parameters studied, boreholes 1 and 4 are fit for direct consumption, while bore holes 2, 3 and 5 failed to meet the bacteriological standard for portable water.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Physicochemical Parameters of Bodo Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria: A Pre-spill, Post-spill and Post-clean-up Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1505-1512
Author(s):  
D.K. Nkeeh ◽  
A.I. Hart ◽  
E.S. Erondu ◽  
N. Zabbey
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rivers State

Water bodies are a source of ecosystem services such as water supply, production, recreation, and aesthetics. In 2008, two major oil spills took place in Bodo creek. A major challenge with the assessment and monitoring of an environment is the lack of baseline data. However, Bodo Creek has been studied extensively. This paper, therefore, reviews pre-spill, post-spill, and post-clean-up studies on physicochemical parameters in Bodo Creek. This paper revealed that the difference in the levels of the physicochemical parameters including pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and temperature in Bodo Creek, before and after the oil spill was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); other physicochemical parameters examined in this paper are alkalinity, total hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS). This paper also revealed that pH and temperature were higher in the post-cleanup study, while DO and conductivity were higher in the pre-cleanup study. BOD was significantly higher in the post-spill study than the pre-spill study, indicating a high level of pollution as a result of the oil spill. This review also shows that there are higher pH and temperature levels in post-clean-up studies than the pre-cleanup studies. Pre-clean-up DO and conductivity were higher than the levels in the post-clean-up study.

scholarly journals Species diversity of fishes in relation to physicochemical status of the Yamuna at Kalpi (UP) India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Yamuna River

Fishes are the primary indicators of pollution of water bodies because they are conspicuous and changes in physicochemical characteristics of water affects their growth and reproductive multiplication rate. The study reveals the species diversity of fishes in relation to physicochemical status of the Yamuna river at Kalpi stretch. Four sampling station were selected on the Yamuna river for sample collection to analysis species diversity of fishes in relation to physicochemical status of studied river. Sampling for fish fauna and physicochemical analysis of water was done simultaneously for one year. The collected samples were analysed for selected physicochemical parameters and collected fishes was identified in the same time. Selected physicochemical parameters were Water Temperature (W.T.), pH, Conductivity, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (T.D.S.), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (T.A.), Chloride (Cl), Sulphate (SO4), Phosphate (PO4), Nitrate (NO3), Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D.). Mostly physicochemical parameters were found suitable for survival and growth of fish fauna. Yamuna river at Kalpi stretch have high potential for fish production which is not utilize till now.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER AND SURFACE WATER IN KOTA REGION, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NITU SINGH ◽  
FATIMA SULTANA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Chloride Sulfate

India is a developing nation and is dependent on its natural resources for growth and development. Water, being one of the vital natural resource, must be used judicially for the sustainable development. Present study focuses on the analysis of physicochemical parameters (pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Total dissolved solids, Conductivity, Chloride, Sulfate, Fluoride contents) of ground water and surface water in Kota City (Rajasthan). The study shows the adverse impact of exploitation and urbanization on water resources of Kota City (Rajasthan). Some physicochemical parameters exceed the desirable limits as defined by WHO and Indian Standards in the selected sites. The level of pollution in ground water and surface water of Kota City is increasing due to urbanization.

Hydro-geochemical properties with respect to landuse in the southernmost river of Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badusha M. ◽  
Santhosh S
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water

The hydro geochemical features of Neyyar River for a period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016 were analyzed. Six sampling sites were fixed considering physiography and present landuse pattern of the river basin. The residents in the drainage basin are primarily responsible for framing a better landuse and thereby maintain a good water and sediment regime. Geospatial pattern of the present landuse of the study area indicated that the sustainability of this river ecosystem is in danger due to unscientific landuse practices, which is reflected in the river quality as well. The parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, chloride, Biological Oxygen Demand, total hardness and sulphate of river water and Organic Carbon of river bed sediments were analyzed in this study. The overall analysis shows that the highland areas are characterized by better quality of water together with low organic carbon, which is mainly due to better landuse and minimal reclamation. The midland and lowland areas are characterized by poor quality of water with high organic carbon, which is due to high anthropogenic activities and maximum pollutants associated with the region together with the alteration in landuse from a traditional eco-friendly pattern to a severely polluted current pattern.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document