scholarly journals Hierarchical modelling for recycling-oriented classification of shredded spent flat monitor products based on HyperSpectral Imaging

Detritus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bonifazi ◽  
Riccardo Gasbarrone ◽  
Roberta Palmieri ◽  
Silvia Serranti
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Hierarchical Modelling ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Set Up

The number of flat monitors from televisions, notebooks and tablets has increased dramatically in recent years, thus resulting in a corresponding rise in Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). This fact is linked to the production of new high-performance electronic devices. Taking into account a future volume growth trend of WEEE, the implementation of adequate recycling architectures embedding recognition/classification logics to handle the collected WEEE physical-chemical attributes, is thus necessary. These integrated hardware and software architectures should be efficient, reliable, low cost, and capable of performing detection/control actions to assess: i) WEEE composition and ii) physical-chemical attributes of the resulting recovered flow streams. This information is fundamental in setting up and implementing appropriate recycling actions. In this study, a hierarchical classification modelling approach, based on Near InfraRed (NIR) - Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI), was carried out. More in detail, a 3-step hierarchical modelling procedure was designed, implemented and set up in order to recognize different materials present in a specific WEEE stream: End-of-Life (EoL) shredded monitors and flat screens. By adopting the proposed approach, different categories are correctly recognized. The results obtained showed how the proposed approach not only allows the set up of a “one shot” quality control system, but also contributes towards improving the sorting process.

Near infrared hyperspectral imaging-based approach for end-of-life flat monitors recycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bonifazi ◽  
Riccardo Gasbarrone ◽  
Roberta Palmieri ◽  
Silvia Serranti
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Identification Approach ◽  
Important Amount ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe technological innovation and the relentless marketing of new electronic products with improved performance generate increasing quantities of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). In this scenario, End-Of-Life (EOL) flat monitors and screens represent a category generating, as a consequence of the rapid change in technology, an important amount of waste. Considering future estimations, the implementation of an adequate recycling infrastructure is necessary. An efficient, reliable and low-cost analytical tool is thus needed to perform detection/control actions in order to assess: i) waste composition and ii) physical-chemical attributes of the resulting materials. The knowledge of these information is a requirement to set-up and to implement correct recycling actions.In this study, a cascade identification approach, based on Near InfraRed (NIR) – HyperSpectral Imaging (HSI), was carried out. More in detail, a four-steps classification was designed, implemented and set-up in order to recognize different materials occurring in a specific WEEE stream: EOL milled monitors and flat screens. Adopting the proposed approach, different material categories are correctly recognized and classified. Obtained results can be useful not only to set-up a quality control system, but also to improve sorting actions in this specific recycling sector.

High Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Integrated Inverters

2001 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ullmann ◽  
J. Ficker ◽  
W. Fix ◽  
H. Rost ◽  
W. Clemens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drain Current ◽  
Organic Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Gate Electrodes ◽  
Polymer Semiconductors ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACTIntegrated plastic circuits (IPCs) will become an integral component of future low cost electronics. For low cost processes IPCs have to be made of all-polymer Transistors. We present our recent results on fabrication of Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs) and integrated inverters. Top-gate transistors were fabricated using polymer semiconductors and insulators. The source-drain structures were defined by standard lithography of Au on a flexible plastic film, and on top of these electrodes, poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) as semiconductor, and poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) as insulator were homogeneously deposited by spin-coating. The gate electrodes consist of metal contacts. With this simple set-up, the transistors exhibit excellent electric performance with a high source-drain current at source - drain and gate voltages below 30V. The characteristics show very good saturation behaviour for low biases and are comparable to results published for precursor pentacene. With this setup we obtain a mobility of 0.2cm2/Vs for P3AT. Furthermore, we discuss organic integrated inverters exhibiting logic capability. All devices show shelf-lives of several months without encapsulation.

Test Facility for Absorber Specimens of Solar Tower Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Konstantin Geimer ◽  
Markus Sauerborn ◽  
Bernhard Hoffschmidt ◽  
Mark Schmitz ◽  
Joachim Göttsche
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Set Up ◽  
In The Beginning

The Solar-Institute Jülich (SIJ) has initiated the construction of the first and only German solar tower power plant and is now involved in the accompanying research. The power plant for experimental and demonstration purposes in the town of Jülich started supplying electric energy in the beginning of 2008. The central receiver plant features as central innovation an open volumetric receiver, consisting of porous ceramic elements that simultaneously absorb the concentrated sunlight and transfer the heat to ambient air passing through the pores so that an average temperature of 680°C is reached. The subsequent steam cycle generates up to 1.5 MWe. A main field of research at the SIJ is the optimization of the absorber structures. To analyze the capability of new absorber specimens a special test facility was developed and set up in the laboratory. A high-performance near-infrared radiator offers for single test samples a variable and repeatable beam with a power of up to 320 kW/m² peak. The temperatures achieved on the absorber surface can reach more than 1000°C. To suck ambient air through the open absorber - like on the tower - it is mounted on a special blower system. An overview about the test facility and some recent results will be presented.

Low-cost automated biochemical phenotyping for optimised nutrient quality components in ryegrass breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Pembleton ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
G. C. Spangenberg ◽  
J. W. Forster ◽  
N. O. I. Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Use Efficiency

Quantification of forage quality is essential for the identification of elite genotypes in forage grass breeding. Perennial ryegrass is the most important temperate species for global pastoral agriculture. However, the protein content of ryegrass generally exceeds the requirements of a grazing animal, and the ratio of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) to protein is too low for efficient protein utilisation. This results in poor nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in the farming system by livestock, and hence limits optimal animal production. New ryegrass cultivars with optimised WSC and protein content are desirable for farming efficiencies. Several methods are available for quantification of WSC and plant protein (such as near-infrared spectroscopy [NIRS] and high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]). However, such methods are labour-intensive, low-throughput and cost-prohibitive for commercial breeding programs, which typically need to assess thousands of samples annually. An accurate high-throughput micro-plate-based protocol has been developed and validated, with the ability to simultaneously process and quantify WSC and plant protein with a high level of automation, and an increase in sample processing of ~10-fold compared with commonly-used methods, along with a 3-fold cost reduction. As WSC and protein are extracted simultaneously and quantified within micro-plates, consumable costs are minimised with optimal reagent use efficiency, resulting in a low per sample cost that is suitable for commercial pasture breeding companies. This is the first demonstration of a forage quality phenotyping protocol suitable for broad-scale application, and will allow breeders to select elite genotypes based not only on visual assessment but also on WSC : protein ratios for improved ruminant nutrition.

scholarly journals DETECTING CONTAMINANTS IN POST-CONSUMER PLASTIC PACKAGING WASTE BY A NIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING-BASED CASCADE DETECTION APPROACH

Detritus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bonifazi ◽  
Riccardo Gasbarrone ◽  
Silvia Serranti
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Systematic Identification

Recycling of post-consumer packaging wastes involves a complex chain of activities, usually based on three main stages, that is: i) collection from households or recovery from Municipal solid waste (MSW), ii) sorting and, finally, iii) mechanical recycling. The systematic identification of impurities inside plastic packaging waste streams, and the assessment of the different occurring materials, can be considered as one of the key issues to certify and to classify waste materials fed to recycling plants and to perform a full control of the resulting processed fractions and byproducts, that have to comply with market demands. The utilization of a Near InfraRed (NIR) – HyperSpectral Imaging (HSI) based methods, along with chemometrics and machine learning techniques, can fulfill these goals. In this paper, the HSI-based sorting logics, to apply, to implement and to set up to perform an automatic separation of paper, cardboard, plastics and multilayer packaging are investigated.

scholarly journals Developing Low-Cost, High Performance, Robust and Sustainable Perovskite Electrocatalytic Materials in the Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Sectors: “An Overview”

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Tse-Wei Chen ◽  
Rasu Ramachandran ◽  
Shen-Ming Chen ◽  
Narayanasamy Kavitha ◽  
Kannaiyan Dinakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Composite Nanomaterials ◽  
Perovskite Materials ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

Since its discovery in 1839, research on the synthesis and application of perovskite materials has multiplied largely due to their suitability to be used in the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry and material science. Appropriate changes in composition or addition of other elements or blending with polymers may result in new hybrid and/or composite perovskite materials that will be applied in advanced fields. In this review, we have recapitulated the recent progress on perovskite nanomaterial in solar cell, battery, fuel cell and supercapacitor applications, and the prominence properties of perovskite materials, such as excellent electronic, physical, chemical and optical properties. We discussed in detail the synthesis and results of various perovskite hybrid nanomaterials published elsewhere. We have also discussed the results of various studies on these low dimensional composite nanomaterials in broad sectors such as electronics/optoelectronics, batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells and electrochemical sensors.

scholarly journals Low cost referenced luminescent imaging of oxygen and pH with a 2-CCD colour near infrared camera

The Analyst ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (19) ◽  
pp. 4924-4933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Ehgartner ◽  
Helmar Wiltsche ◽  
Sergey M. Borisov ◽  
Torsten Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Optical Chemical Sensors ◽  
Set Up

A low cost imaging set-up for NIR-emitting optical chemical sensors for pH and oxygen based on a 2-CCD camera is presented.

scholarly journals Performance of Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Hyperspectral Imaging for Characterization of Lutefisk: A Traditional Norwegian Fish Dish

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdo Hassoun ◽  
Karsten Heia ◽  
Stein-Kato Lindberg ◽  
Heidi Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques

Lutefisk is a traditional Norwegian fish dish made from dried fish, such as cod or other whitefish. In Norway and other Nordic countries, lutefisk is considered among the most popular dishes served during Christmas or other festive occasions. However, to date, little attention has been paid to this product, and available research on the quality, processing, and chemistry of lutefisk is still limited. The quality of this very delicate product, with a high pH value, depends on many factors, such as the initial quality of raw materials (stockfish), the quantity of lye used during the preparation process of lutefisk, and time during soaking in the lye and water, among others, making it challenging to both optimize processing and monitor the quality of lutefisk. In this study, four commercially available lutefisk brands (labelled as A, B, C, and D) were characterized using two online spectroscopic techniques, namely fluorescence and diffuse reflectance hyperspectral imaging, implemented on conveyor belts to mimic industrial applications. The samples were also analyzed by the use of an offline laboratory instrument based on visible/near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Three traditional measurements, including texture, water content, and pH, were also conducted on the same samples. Supervised classification PLS-DA models were built with each dataset and relationships between the spectroscopic measurements and the traditional data were investigated using canonical correlations. The spectroscopic methods, especially fluorescence spectroscopy, demonstrated high performance for the discrimination between samples of the different brands, with high correlations between the spectral and traditional measurements. Although more validations of the results of this study are still required, these preliminary findings suggest that the destructive, laborious, and time-consuming traditional techniques can be replaced by rapid and nondestructive online measurements based on hyperspectral imaging used in fluorescence or diffuse reflectance mode.

scholarly journals Silicon/2D-material photodetectors: from near-infrared to mid-infrared

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyue Liu ◽  
Jingshu Guo ◽  
Laiwen Yu ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Silicon Photonics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Wavelength Band ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Flexible Integration

AbstractTwo-dimensional materials (2DMs) have been used widely in constructing photodetectors (PDs) because of their advantages in flexible integration and ultrabroad operation wavelength range. Specifically, 2DM PDs on silicon have attracted much attention because silicon microelectronics and silicon photonics have been developed successfully for many applications. 2DM PDs meet the imperious demand of silicon photonics on low-cost, high-performance, and broadband photodetection. In this work, a review is given for the recent progresses of Si/2DM PDs working in the wavelength band from near-infrared to mid-infrared, which are attractive for many applications. The operation mechanisms and the device configurations are summarized in the first part. The waveguide-integrated PDs and the surface-illuminated PDs are then reviewed in details, respectively. The discussion and outlook for 2DM PDs on silicon are finally given.

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