Influence of the degree of homozygosity of STR-loci on the fertility of thoroughbred horses

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
N. Blohina ◽  
A. Ustiantceva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Safe Yield ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Average Analysis ◽  
Str Profile ◽  
Inbreeding Rate ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Individual Fecundity

Purpose: to study the effect of the level of homozygosity and inbreeding on the fecundity of thoroughbred mares.Materials and methods. A total of 3662 heads of breeding sows from leading stud farms of the Russian Federation were selected for the analysis. The influence of the homozygosity level on 17 microsatellite DNA loci on the main indices of reproduction of thoroughbred mares, such as the safe yield of foals and the number of fetal years, was analyzed in the article. All mares in the experimental sample had at least three years of breeding use. Individual fecundity rates and the number of homozygous loci in the STR profile were calculated for each horse.Results. The highest live foal yields (75.92%) had sows with homozygosity levels of 62.78-69.02%, and the lowest foal yields (45.73%) were recorded in mares with the highest homozygosity levels (75.28-76.92%). The maximum foal yield (65.85%) was determined in sows with an inbreeding rate of 4.1% or more, with a productive longevity of 6.26 fetal years on average. Analysis of the data showed that the level of inbreeding had almost no effect on the yield of live foals (R=0.010 at P>0.05), but had a negative correlation with the number of fruiting years (R=-0.092 at P<0.005).Conclusion. Estimation of homozygosity level of thoroughbred horses is especially relevant, as this breed has been perfected by purebred breeding method only for more than thirty years. In the thoroughbred horse breed, it is necessary to create a system of maintaining heterozygosity as well as the diversity of genotypes through the organization of breeding work.

scholarly journals Efficiency of blood “refreshing” method in cattle pure breeding of the Simmental breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00102
Author(s):  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Lamonov ◽  
Irina Alekseevna Skorkina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Simmental Cattle

Over the past two decades, pedigree cattle and sperm products have been imported into the Russian Federation from outstanding breeding bulls of the Simmental breed from Western Europe, including Austria, within the framework of the “AIC Development” national project. Specific productive and technological qualities are inherent in these animals due to the direction peculiarities of selection and breeding work with this breed in Austria. World experience has clearly proved that the future belongs to large dairy complexes and farms, which are fully mechanized and automated. Modern Simmental cattle (mostly cows) do not meet the requirements of intensive milk production technology for a number of productive and technological characteristics. Summarizing the world zootechnical experience, it is possible to determine the basic requirements for cows suitable for operation in conditions of advanced milk production technologies. Based on numerous studies, these animals are characterized by high milk production, good reproductive qualities, suitable for machine milking, with strong hoof horn, resistant to diseases and mastitis. Consequently, a significant role is given to the manning of a milking herd with highly productive and competitive Simmental cows, obtained as a result of improving the system of selection and breeding work to further increase the production of marketable milk. The conducted research result shows zootechnical efficiency of using such a breeding method as “refreshing” blood in the breeding process. In particular, the best indicators of milk yield for the first lactation are observed in cows descended from bullsproducers of Austrian selection, -4153.1 kg of natural fat milk. The morphological and functional characteristics of the udders of all experimental first-calf cows meet the requirements of suitability for machine milking. Cows of the Simmental breed obtained by the method of “blood refreshing” are the most cost-effective in the same conditions of feeding and keeping.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Whinnies of Czech Warmblood and Thoroughbred Horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Stepanka Holeckova ◽  
Richard Policht
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Morphological Distinction

Abstract Loud acoustic signals of mammals may contain information about their progenitors. There is a question whether such phenomenon is possible to expect in domestic animal breeds as well, since the time of breed establishment has been a rather long one. Therefore we tested whether a significant morphological distinction of a newly established horse breed and its important founding contributor differed in their vocalization. We analyzed 304 whinnies of 35 individual horses (197 whinnies of 23 individuals belonging to Czech Warmblood and 107 calls of 12 Thoroughbreds). Despite of the fact that the two breeds differed significantly in most of their morphological measurements (height at withers, thoracic perimeter, cannon bone perimeter, and body weight), they did not differ in any of the measured acoustic parameters (both frequency and temporal ones). Our results indicate that morphological distinction of Thoroughbred and Czech Warmblood was not accompanied by distinct vocalization.

scholarly journals Experience of the Varicella Vaccine Introduction into Regional Vaccination Shedule of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Baryshev ◽  
O. P. Chernyavskaya ◽  
T. S. Saltykova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Average Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. Varicella continues to be a common childhood infection, but thereof danger is underestimated in our country and around the world. About 800 thousand people get sick every year in the Russian Federation, half of whom are children 3–6 years old. In addition, for economic damage from infectious and parasitic diseases, varicella in the Russian Federation occupies 2–3 place for eleven years.Objectives. To substantiate the need to introduce varicella vaccine into the National immunization schedule of the Russian Federation based on the experience of introducing vaccination into regional schedules.Materials and Methods. The descriptive epidemiological method was used – a retrospective epidemiological analysis. Materials for the study were: Form № 2 «Information about infectious and parasitic diseases» for 2007–2017; State reports «On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation» for 2016, 2017; scientific publications on the studied issue in Russian and English. The program «Microsoft Excel» was used to process the research data. Results. In regions in which varicella vaccination is introduced into regional immunization schedules, the incidence of infection tends to decrease at least to 3,1%, in contrast to regions where it is not introduced and there the incidence is increasing every year to 2,8%. The experience of using mass vaccination in other countries has shown its effectiveness, what is observed by decrease the incidence to a sporadic level.Discussion. The incidence of varicella in 2017 by region of the Russian Federation, where vaccination is included into regional immunization schedule, is 75% lower than the national average. Analysis of varicella vaccination introduction experience in other countries clearly shows that this method of combating varicella can significantly reduce the incidence, as well as reduce economic damage (US – 0.9 billion dollars, Japan – 36.2 billion yen).Conclusion. The vaccine prophylaxis of varicella clearly shows that this method of combating this infection can significantly reduce the incidence and at times reduce the economic damage from infection. With this in mind, the need to consider the inclusion of varicella vaccination in the Russian Federation National Schedule of Vaccinations.

Prospects of development of the reference base of the Russian Federation in the field of length measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Y. G. Zakharenko ◽  
N. A. Kononova ◽  
V. L. Fedorin ◽  
Z. V. Fomkina ◽  
K. V. Chekirda
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Unit Of Length ◽  
Further Development ◽  
532 Nm

The results of the work to create a complex of high-precision hardware for the unit of length reproduction and transferring carried out at “D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM)” are represented. This complex will serve as the basis for the further development of the reference base of the Russian Federation in the field of length measurements and will allow reproduction of the unit of length at two wavelengths of 633 nm and 532 nm, as well as measurements of the wavelength of laser sources in vacuum in the range from 500 to 1050 nm.

Regional Policy in the Field of Natural Resources Management in the Far North

2003 ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
A. Bykov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Natural Resources Management ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Russian Federation

According to the legal norms of the Russian Federation in the ownership, usage and disposal of natural resources the author analyses interaction between natural resources users and local authorities. The interaction is based upon ecological and economic factors, which cause the peculiarities of requirements put before natural resource users in the Far North. The strategic directions of resource saving economic development of these regions are considered.

Assessment of the state and level of development of public-private partnership projects in the subjects of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Savrukov ◽  
N. T. Savrukov ◽  
E. A. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Municipal Level

The article analyzes the current state and level of development of publicprivate partnership (PPP) projects in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that a significant proportion of projects is implemented on a concession basis at the municipal level in the communal sphere. A detailed analysis of the project data showed that the structure of the projects is deformed in favor of the central regions of the Russian Federation, and a significant share in the total amount of financing falls on the transport sector. At the stage of assessing the level of development by the subjects of the Russian Federation, criteria were proposed, and index and integral indicators were used, which ensured comparability of the estimates obtained. At the end of the analysis, the regions were ranked and clustered according to the level of PPP development, which allowed to reveal the number and structure of leaders and outsiders.

Russian low carbon development strategy

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
I. A. Bashmakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scenario Projections

The article presents the key results of scenario projections that underpinned the Strategy for long-term low carbon economic development of the Russian Federation to 2050, including analysis of potential Russia’s GHG emission mitigation commitments to 2050 and assessment of relevant costs, benefits, and implications for Russia’s GDP. Low carbon transformation of the Russian economy is presented as a potential driver for economic growth that offers trillions-of-dollars-worth market niches for low carbon products by mid-21st century. Transition to low carbon economic growth is irreversible. Lagging behind in this technological race entails a security risk and technological backwardness hazards.

Assessing the size of agricultural holdings

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
N. I. Shagaida
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Large Share ◽  
State Support ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
To Receive

The article clarifies the concept of “agricultural holding”, using an approach to assessing the size on the basis of the total revenue of all agricultural organizations within the agricultural holding. It has been revealed that only 100 of the total number of agricultural holdings that were identified can be attributed to large business entities. They comprise about 3% of agricultural organizations in the country, while their share in the proceeds is about 37%. A large share of agricultural holdings — large business subjects under the control of Russian entities operate in one, and under the control of foreign legal entities — in three or more regions of the Russian Federation. Vertical integration within the framework of large agricultural holdings with different schemes for including the stages of processing and sale of products produced in their agricultural organizations allows them to receive advantages. Strengthening the role of large business entities in agriculture puts on the agenda the issue of differentiating approaches to taxation and state support in agriculture, depending on the size of the companies’ agricultural businesses.

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