SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF NEW CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING LABOR INTENSITY AMONG CIVIL AVIATIONPILOTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Zibarev ◽  
O.V. Immel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Total Degree ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Aircraft Pilots ◽  
New Criteria

Abstract: Introduction. An analysis of labor intensity as a factor in the labor process that can affect flight safety is of great importance in assessing the working conditions of civil aircraft pilots. At the same time, the existing approaches to assessing labor intensity have a number of shortcomings that do not allow an objective quantitative assessment of the load on the central nervous system and sensory organs, do not take into account the many algorithms of the pilot's actions at different stages of the flight, and a number of criteria for sensory loads do not reflect the real levels that the pilots are exposed. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate new criteria for assessing the labor intensity of pilots. Research methods. As part of the comprehensive studies, hygienic, questionnaire-survey methods, timing studies and an algorithmic method for analyzing the actions of aircraft crew members were used, the functional state of the cardiovascular and central nervous system, psychophysiological and video-oculomotor studies, an assessment of attention reserves, mathematical and statistical methods were assessed. Results. It has been established that the following indicators can be used as the basis for new criteria for assessing the work intensity of aircraft pilots: the number of take-offs / landings (per flight shift / week), including those performed at night; crossing time zones (per flight shift / week); volume of incoming information (bits per flight shift); time of fixing the gaze on the device (as a percentage of the flight time); frequency of changing the image / values on the screen (times / hour); the total degree of complexity of multifunctional control devices (bit / s). The total degree of labor intensity among pilots corresponds to class 3.3. Conclusion. Further research is needed to establish quantitative criteria for the proposed labor intensity indicators among civil aviation pilots.

CLIPPERS and its mimics: evaluation of new criteria for the diagnosis of CLIPPERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Taieb ◽  
Patricia Mulero ◽  
Dimitri Psimaras ◽  
Bob W van Oosten ◽  
Jörg D. Seebach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Red Flags ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Red Flag ◽  
New Criteria

ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of the recently proposed diagnostic criteria for chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS).MethodsWe enrolled 42 patients with hindbrain punctate and/or linear enhancements (<3 mm in diameter) and tested the CLIPPERS criteria.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 50 months (IQR 25–82), 13 out of 42 patients were CLIPPERS-mimics: systemic and central nervous system lymphomas (n=7), primary central nervous system angiitis (n=4) and autoimmune gliopathies (n=2). The sensitivity and specificity of the CLIPPERS criteria were 93% and 69%, respectively. Nodular enhancement ( ≥ 3 mm in diameter), considered as a red flag in CLIPPERS criteria, was present in 4 out of 13 CLIPPERS-mimics but also in 2 out of 29 patients with CLIPPERS, explaining the lack of sensitivity. Four out of 13 CLIPPERS-mimics who initially met the CLIPPERS criteria displayed red flags at the second attack with a median time of 5.5 months (min 3, max 18), explaining the lack of specificity. One of these four patients had antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, and the three remaining patients relapsed despite a daily dose of prednisone/prednisolone ≥ 30 mg and a biopsy targeting atypical enhancing lesions revealed a lymphoma.ConclusionsOur study highlights that (1) nodular enhancement should be considered more as an unusual finding than a red flag excluding the diagnosis of CLIPPERS; (2) red flags may occur up to 18 months after disease onset; (3) as opposed to CLIPPERS-mimics, no relapse occurs when the daily dose of prednisone/prednisolone is ≥ 30 mg; and (4) brain biopsy should target an atypical enhancing lesion when non-invasive investigations remain inconclusive.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Anthropometric Factors in Glioblastoma Multiforme—Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Donata Simińska ◽  
Jan Korbecki ◽  
Klaudyna Kojder ◽  
Patrycja Kapczuk ◽  
Marta Fabiańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism

Although glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a widely researched cancer of the central nervous system, we still do not know its full pathophysiological mechanism and we still lack effective treatment methods as the current combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy does not bring about satisfactory results. The median survival time for GBM patients is only about 15 months. In this paper, we present the epidemiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and review the epidemiological data on GBM regarding gender, age, weight, height, and tumor location. The data indicate the possible influence of some anthropometric factors on the occurrence of GBM, especially in those who are male, elderly, overweight, and/or are taller. However, this review of single and small-size epidemiological studies should not be treated as definitive due to differences in the survey methods used. Detailed epidemiological registers could help identify the main at-risk groups which could then be used as homogenous study groups in research worldwide. Such research, with less distortion from various factors, could help identify the pathomechanisms that lead to the development of GBM.

scholarly journals Contemporary views on disorders of neuromiyelitis optica spectrum. Clinical case from personal practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Svitlana Shkrobot ◽  
Olena Budarna ◽  
Khrystyna Duve ◽  
Nataliya Tkachuk ◽  
Lyubov Milevska-Vovchyk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Research Issue ◽  
Scientific Report

Neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s disease) is a demyelinating disease of central nervous system. This disease is progressive and might be fatal. The authors have analyzed data of domestic and foreign literature on research issue. The idea of modern laboratory and instrumental survey methods was summarized, because clinical manifestation of the disease may be non-specific and differential searching might be extremely wide. The modern schemes of treatment of described syndrome are represented. As an illustration we used own clinical observation confirmed by the results of neuroimaging. The practical orientation of the represented scientific report is proved. Key words neuromiyelitis optica, differential diagnosis, antibodies to aquaporin-4, demyelinating diseases

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document