scholarly journals Government Evaluations in Japan’s Municipalities Based on Nationwide Survey Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutoshi Moteki
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Survey

Government evaluations in Japan are linked to the business culture. This study investigated government evaluations in cities and towns/villages using primary survey data from 2014 and 2015. The dominant method was <i>Jimujigyo Hyoka</i>, a cross-sectional evaluation of programs using performance measures, implemented by 80% of municipalities with government evaluations. Cities were more likely than smaller municipalities to have implemented evaluations (84.6% vs. 37.4%). Almost none of the smaller municipalities had implemented evaluations because of the lack of resources. The main problems were the lack of clarity and internal consistency in the results and the effort and workload involved.<br>

scholarly journals Government Evaluations in Japan’s Municipalities Based on Nationwide Survey Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutoshi Moteki
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Survey

Government evaluations in Japan are linked to the business culture. This study investigated government evaluations in cities and towns/villages using primary survey data from 2014 and 2015. The dominant method was <i>Jimujigyo Hyoka</i>, a cross-sectional evaluation of programs using performance measures, implemented by 80% of municipalities with government evaluations. Cities were more likely than smaller municipalities to have implemented evaluations (84.6% vs. 37.4%). Almost none of the smaller municipalities had implemented evaluations because of the lack of resources. The main problems were the lack of clarity and internal consistency in the results and the effort and workload involved.<br>

Assessment Instrument of Fiqh Mu'āmalāt Learning with Financial Literacy Oriented

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

The goal of this cross-sectional survey research was to find the validity and reliability of assessment instrument for fiqh mu'āmalāt learning with financial literacy oriented for secondary education. To reveal validity is assessed based on obtain judgement expert and reliability measured by internal consistency. It was gained that the validity is 7 items very feasible and 5 item quite feasible with reliability’s value is 0,763. This finding shows that assessment instrument can be used to analyze difficulties of students for designing lesson plan of fiqh mu'āmalāt learning with financial literacy oriented.

scholarly journals Is polycystic ovary syndrome appropriately diagnosed by obstetricians and gynaecologists across China: a nationwide survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Yan ◽  
Wang Yan-Fang ◽  
Zhu Shi-Yang ◽  
Ma Rui-Lin ◽  
Ding Xue-Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotterdam Criteria

Abstract Background To describe the diagnostic criteria used and their application accuracy in the practice of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) caring among obstetricians and gynaecologists across China. Methods This was an Online cross-sectional survey of Obstetricians and gynecologists involved in PCOS caring conducted via the largest continuing education platform of obstetrics and gynecology across China from September 2019 to November 2019. Results A total of 2,328 respondents were eligible for the final analysis. Of these, 94.5 % were general obstetricians and gynaecologists (Ge-ObGyn), and 5.5 % were reproductive endocrinologists (Re-ObGyn). Overall, the most frequently used criteria were the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society (AE-PCOS) criteria (48.2 %), followed by the Rotterdam criteria (35.7 %) and NIH criteria (12.1 %). Of the respondents, 31.3 % used their diagnostic criteria in their clinical practice. More respondents who chose the Rotterdam criteria could accurately apply the diagnostic criteria than those who chose the AE-PCOS criteria (41.2 % vs. 32.1 %, P < 0.001). Compared with Ge-ObGyn, Re-ObGyn were less likely to use the AE-PCOS criteria (adjusted odds ratio, 0.513; 95 % CI, 0.328–0.802; P < 0.05) and 1.492 times more likely to accurately use their criteria (95 % CI, 1.014–2.196; P < 0.05). Conclusions Less than one-third of obstetricians and gynaecologists across China could accurately use the diagnostic criteria they choose to diagnose PCOS. There is an urgent need to train obstetricians and gynaecologists on PCOS diagnosis in an effort to improve the medical care quality of patients with PCOS.

scholarly journals Adherence to treatment in paediatric patients – results of the nationwide survey in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Kardas ◽  
Marek Dabrowa ◽  
Konrad Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Due to high prevalence, non-adherence to prescribed treatment seriously undermines the effectiveness of evidence-based therapies in paediatric patients. In order to change this negative scenario, physicians need to be aware of adherence problem, as well as of possible solutions. Unfortunately, full potential of adherence-targeting interventions is still underused in Poland. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours toward non-adherence in Polish paediatricians. Methods An anonymous cross-sectional nationwide survey was conducted in the convenience sample of Polish doctors providing care to paediatric patients. The survey focused on the prevalence of non-adherence, its causes, and interventions employed. Primary studied parameter was perceived prevalence of non-adherence in paediatric patients. Reporting of this study adheres to STROBE guidelines. Results One thousand and thirty-three responses were eligible for analysis. Vast majority of respondents were female (85.9%), most of them worked in primary care (90.6%). The respondents represented all 16 Polish Voivodeships, with the biggest number coming from the Mazowieckie Voivodeship (n = 144, 13.9%). Survey participants believed that on average 28.9% of paediatric patients were non-adherent to medication. More than half of the respondents (n = 548, 53.0%) were convinced that their own patients were more adherent than average. Duration of the professional practice strongly correlated with a lower perceived prevalence of non-adherence. Professionals with more than 40 years of practice believed that the percentage of non-adherent patients was <=20% particularly often (OR = 3.82 (95% CI 2.11–6.93) versus those up to 10 years in practice). Out of all respondents, they were also most often convinced that their own patients were more adherent than the general population (P < 0.01). Consequently, they underestimated the need for training in this area. Conclusions Physicians taking care of Polish paediatric patients underestimated the prevalence of medication non-adherence and believed that this was a problem of other doctors. This optimistic bias was particularly pronounced in older doctors. These results identify important barriers toward improving patient adherence that are worth addressing in the pre- and post-graduate education of Polish physicians. They also put some light over the challenges that educational activities in this area may face.

scholarly journals Internal consistency and factor structure of Jenkins Sleep Scale: cross-sectional cohort study among 80 000 adults

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e043276
Author(s):  
Juhani Juhola ◽  
J P A Arokoski ◽  
Jenni Ervasti ◽  
Mika Kivimäki ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Working ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

ObjectivesTo assess the internal consistency and construct validity of the Finnish translation of the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS) in a large healthy working-age population with diverse work characteristics.DesignSurvey-based cross-sectional cohort study.SettingSurvey conducted by an institute of occupational health.ParticipantsEmployees of 10 towns and 6 hospital districts.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe internal consistency defined by a Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the construct structure of the JSS.ResultsOf 81 136 respondents, 14 890 (18%) were men and 66 246 (82%) were women. Their average age was 52.1 (13.2) years. Of the respondents, 41 823 (52%) were sleeping 7 or less hours per night. The mean JSS total score was 6.4 (4.8) points. The JSS demonstrated high internal consistency with an alpha of 0.80 (lower 95% confidence limit 0.80). Exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor solution with eigenvalue of 1.94. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that all four items were positively correlated with a single common factor explaining 44%–61% of common factor’s variance.ConclusionsThe Finnish translation of JSS was found to be a unidimensional scale with good internal consistency. As such, the scale may be recommended as a practicable questionnaire when studying sleep difficulties in a healthy working-age population.

scholarly journals Sex differences and correlates of poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Brazil and Venezuela

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e023401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda G Duarte ◽  
Sandra da Silva Moreira ◽  
Maria da Conceição C Almeida ◽  
Carlos A de Souza Teles ◽  
Carine S Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adherence To Diet

ObjectiveExamine whether glycaemic control varies according to sex and whether the latter plays a role in modifying factors associated with inadequate glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Brazil and Venezuela.Design, setting and participantsThis was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted in Brazil and Venezuela from February 2006 to June 2007 to obtain information about glycaemic control and its determinants in patients with diabetes mellitus attending outpatient clinics.Main outcome measuresHaemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was measured by liquid chromatography, and patients with HbA1c ≥7.0% (53 mmol/mol) were considered to have inadequate glycaemic control. The association of selected variables with glycaemic control was analysed by multivariate linear regression, using HbA1c as the dependent variable.ResultsA total of 9418 patients with T2D were enrolled in Brazil (n=5692) and in Venezuela (n=3726). They included 6214 (66%) women and 3204 (34%) men. On average, HbA1c levels in women were 0.13 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24; p=0.015) higher than in men, after adjusting for age, marital status, education, race, country, body mass index, duration of disease, complications, type of healthcare, adherence to diet, adherence to treatment and previous measurement of HbA1c. Sex modified the effect of some factors associated with glycaemic control in patients with T2D in our study, but had no noteworthy effect in others.ConclusionsWomen with T2D had worse glycaemic control than men. Possible causes for poorer glycaemic control in women compared with men include differences in glucose homeostasis, treatment response and psychological factors. In addition, sex modified factors associated with glycaemic control, suggesting the need to develop specific treatment guidelines for men and women.

scholarly journals Evaluation and comparison of pain questionnaires for clinical screening of osteoarthritis in cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (24) ◽  
pp. 757-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Stadig ◽  
B Duncan X Lascelles ◽  
Gorel Nyman ◽  
Anna Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Discriminatory Ability ◽  
Physical Dysfunction

BackgroundFeline osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of long-standing pain and physical dysfunction. Performing a physical examination of a cat is often challenging. There is a need for disease-specific questionnaires or the so-called clinical metrology instruments (CMIs) to facilitate diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of feline OA. The CMI provides the owners an assessment of the cat’s behavioural and lifestyle changes in the home environment. The purpose of the study was to evaluate readability, internal consistency, reliability and discriminatory ability of four CMIs.MethodsThis is a prospective, cross-sectional study with 142 client-owned cats. Feline OA was diagnosed based on medical history, orthopaedic examination and radiography.ResultsThe results indicate that all four instruments have sound readability, internal consistency, are reliable over time and have good discriminatory ability. Preliminary cut-off values with optimal sensitivity and specificity were suggested for each instrument. The osteoarthritic cats showed significant changes in behavioural response to pain during orthopaedic examination, compared with sound cats.ConclusionThe results indicate that all four questionnaires make an important contribution in a clinical setting, and that the cat’s behavioural response to pain during physical examination should be a parameter to take into account as a possible indication of chronic pain.

MODEST OVERWEIGHT AND HEALTHY DIETARY HABITS REDUCE RISK OF DEMENTIA: A NATIONWIDE SURVEY IN TAIWAN

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Lee ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
H.-J. Lee ◽  
T.-F. Chen ◽  
P.-N. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Evidence of the associations of dietary habits and body mass index with dementia is inconsistent and limited in East Asian countries. Objective: We aim to explore the associations of dietary habits and body mass index with the odds of dementia. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: A nationwide, population-based, door-to-door, in-person survey. Participants: Selected by computerized random sampling from all 19 counties in Taiwan. Measurement: Diagnosis of dementia using the criteria recommended by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association. Lifestyle factors, dietary habits and demographic data were compared between normal subjects and participants with dementia. Results: A total of 10432 residents were assessed, among whom 2049 were classified as having a mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 929 were diagnosed with dementia, and 7035 were without dementia or MCI. After adjustment for age, gender, education, body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, habitual exercises and co-morbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases, we found inverse associations of dementia with the consumption of fish (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.94), vegetables (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13-0.95), coffee (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.97), green tea (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.75) and other types of tea (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.28-0.60). There was no association between dementia and fruit consumption. Compared with people who had a normal BMI (18 < BMI <= 24), older overweight people (24 < BMI <=30) had a reduced risk of dementia with an adjusted OR of 0.77 (95% CI 0.61-0.96). Conclusions: Our study provides preliminary evidence that suggests that the consumption of fish, vegetables, tea, and coffee has potential benefits against dementia in East Asian population. Being modestly overweight (nadir risk at BMI = 25) in late life was associated with decreased odds of dementia. The benefit of fruits may be offset by their high sugar content.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Experiences and Attitudes towards Clinical Audit of Farm Animal Veterinary Surgeons in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Katie Waine ◽  
Rachel S. Dean ◽  
Chris Hudson ◽  
Jonathan Huxley ◽  
Marnie L. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protected Time ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
The Uk

Clinical audit is a quality improvement tool used to assess and improve the clinical services provided to patients. This is the first study to investigate the extent to which clinical audit is understood and utilised in farm animal veterinary practice. A cross-sectional study to collect experiences and attitudes of farm animal veterinary surgeons in the UK towards clinical audit was conducted using an online nationwide survey. The survey revealed that whilst just under three-quarters (n = 237/325; 73%) of responding veterinary surgeons had heard of clinical audit, nearly 50% (n = 148/301) had never been involved in a clinical audit of any species. The participants’ knowledge of what a clinical audit was varied substantially, with many respondents reporting not receiving training on clinical audit at the undergraduate or postgraduate level. Respondents that had participated in a clinical audit suggested that protected time away from clinical work was required for the process to be completed successfully. This novel study suggests that clinical audit is undertaken to some extent in farm animal practice and that practitioner perception is that it can bring benefits, but was felt that more resources and support were needed for it to be implemented successfully on a wider scale.

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