MICROCLONAL PROPAGATION OF KARELIAN BIRCH AND TRIPLOID ASPEN IN VITRO

Methodological aspects of microclonal reproduction of valuable tree species – triploid aspen and Karelian birch, which are important for enriching the gene pool of the main forest-forming tree species in the Republic and obtaining high-quality wood raw materials in the form of ornamental and decorative wood, are proposed.

Download Full-text

INTRODUCTION OF KARELIAN BIRCH TO THE CULTURE IN VITRO

10.34220/mpeapw2021_5-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Igor Isakov ◽

Nadezhda Bokareva

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Anthropogenic Impact ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Culture In Vitro ◽

Clonal Micropropagation ◽

Drying Up ◽

The Republic ◽

Karelian Birch

At present, the biological diversity of tree species is drying up. One of the main reasons for extinction is the destructive anthropogenic impact. According to the latest data, it became known that the Karelian birch was included in the Red Book of the Republic of Karelia as an endangered and diminishing species. The in vitro clonal micropropagation technology can help to quickly restore the population of Karelian birch. And also the technology under consideration will help to massively produce seedlings and seedlings of Karelian birch for both decorative and silvicultural purposes.

Download Full-text

Development of Innovative Technology for Cryogenic Grape Powders and Drinks

Beer and beverages ◽

10.52653/pin.2021.2.2.005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

Зоя Алиевна Яралиева

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Food Additives ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

High Quality ◽

Laboratory Equipment ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Analytical Instruments ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

The Republic

Климатические условия на большей части территории Российской Федерации не позволяют выращивать виноград в открытом грунте, поэтому его завозят из южных районов страны. Производство виноградных напитков обычно сосредоточено в местах выращивания винограда, так как доставка готовой продукции в северные регионы сопряжена со значительными финансовыми затратами. В Республике Дагестан выращивают около 30% винограда в масштабах всей страны, а площадь плодоносящих виноградников занимает более 20 тыс. га. Возникла необходимость переработать виноград таким образом, чтобы полуфабрикат для изготовления напитков выдерживал длительные сроки хранения и транспортировку, отличался высоким качеством и имел небольшую массу. Разработана технология получения виноградных криопорошков, которые можно использовать в качестве пищевых добавок, для изготовления восстановленных соков и напитков. Целью исследования было создание инновационной технологии производства криопорошков для получения безалкогольных напитков. Объектом исследования стал виноград дагестанских технических, столовых и изюмных сортов. Алгоритм получения криопорошков соответствовал предложенной автором схеме: доставка винограда, отделение гребней, инспекция, мойка, дробление, замораживание жидким азотом, обезвоживание в вакуумной СВЧ-установке, криоизмельчение и фасовка. При выполнении работы определяли качественный состав сырья и криопорошков с использованием аналитических приборов и лабораторного оборудования кафедры технологии продуктов питания и учреждений Дагестанского научного Центра РАН. Определен химический состав криопорошков, полученных из винограда, выращенного в горно-долинной зоне Дагестана. Приведены физико-химические показатели напитка из криопорошка винограда. Органолептические показатели изготовленных виноградных напитков подтвердили их высокие качественные показатели. Climatic conditions in most of the Russian Federation do not allow growing grapes in the open field, therefore they are imported from the southern regions of the country. The production of grape drinks is usually concentrated in places where grapes are grown, since the delivery of finished products to the northern regions is associated with significant financial costs. Winegrowers of the Republic of Dagestan grow about 30% of grapes throughout the country, and the area of fruit-bearing vineyards occupies more than 20 thousand hectares. There was a problem to process grapes in such a way that the semi-finished product for the production of drinks withstands long storage and transportation periods, is of high quality and has a small weight. A technology has been developed for producing grape cryopowders, which can be used as food additives, for the production of reconstituted juices and drinks. The aim of the study was to create an innovative technology for the production of cryopowders for the production of soft drinks. The objects of the study were Dagestan common and raisin grapes. The algorithm for obtaining cryopowders corresponded to the scheme proposed by the author: delivery of grapes, separation of ridges, inspection, washing, crushing, freezing with liquid nitrogen, dehydration in a vacuum microwave unit, cryo-grinding and packaging. When performing the work, the qualitative composition of raw materials and cryopowders was determined using analytical instruments and laboratory equipment of the Department of Food Technology and institutions of the Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The chemical composition of cryopowders obtained from grapes grown in the mountain-valley zone of Dagestan has been determined. The physical and chemical parameters of a wine drink made from grape cryopowder are given. The organoleptic characteristics of the produced wine drinks confirmed their high quality indicators.

Download Full-text

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF BERGENIA CRASSIFOLIA (L.) FITSCH LEAVES OF DIFFERENT TERMS OF VEGETATION

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2020024349 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 231-239

Author(s):

Svetlana Vladimirovna Tsyrendorzhieva ◽

Sesegma Dashiyevna Zhamsaranova

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Content ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Green Leaves ◽

Chelating Ability ◽

The Republic ◽

Bergenia Crassifolia ◽

Maximum Content

New data on the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of aqueous leaf extracts of Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fitsch of different periods of vegetation growing in the Republic of Buryatia were obtained. It is shown that this is one of the few plants whose leaves contain a significant amount of phenolic compounds. The maximum content of tannins was noted in the extract of red leaves of the incense – 2.42%. Depending on the phase of the collection of raw materials, the content of flavonoids in the water extracts of the leaves of the frangipani varied from 3.88 to 5.42%. A higher accumulation of flavonoids was observed in the extract of black leaves of badan, which is apparently associated with leaf fermentation, in which the cellular structure is destroyed, enzymes and polyphenols are released. The leader in determining the total content of anthocyanins, as well as for flavonoids, was the extract of black leaves of frankincense. The largest amount of arbutin was contained in the extract of green leaves of frankincense – 1.22%. The studied extracts had a high ability to absorb free radicals, however, the extract of green leaves of badan had the highest antiradical activity, had a minimum EC50 of 4 mg/cm3. The iron-chelating ability of the tested aqueous extracts of frankincense leaves of different periods of in vitro vegetation showed that the leaf extracts had weak iron-chelating activity.

Download Full-text

Raw materials and feed production technology for valuable fish species in the Republic of Belarus

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Agrarian Series ◽

10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-1-79-89 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 79-89

Author(s):

V. Yu. Ageyets ◽

Z. V. Lovkis ◽

Z. V. Koshak ◽

A. E. Koshak

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Composition ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Fish Species ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Modern World ◽

African Catfish ◽

High Quality ◽

The Republic

The paper raises problems of production of domestic compound feed for valuable fish species. The following representatives of valuable fish species are reared in the Republic of Belarus: rainbow trout, sterlet sturgeon, sturgeon, European and African catfish. All these types need high-quality and inexpensive compound feeds. Production of such feed is developing in our country. All the feeds for valuable fish species are extruded in the modern world. A range of raw materials has been studied that can be used as part of compound feeds for valuable fish species, such as Belarusian made fish meal, dry hemoglobin, soy concentrate, and whey fat concentrate. It has been determined that Belarusian fishmeal is of high quality and not inferior in balance to the amino acid composition of imported fishmeal made in Mauritania, and in terms of leucine and isoleucine level, over 2 times exceeds the imported one. Amino acid composition of dry hemoglobin was studied. It was determined that this feed additive can be used only for balancing feed for crude protein level and practically does not contain such an important essential amino acid as methionine. Valuable fish species are predators, for this reason compound feed contain high amount of protein (up to 50 %) and fat (up to 30 %) depending on the type and age of the fish. Therefore, soy protein concentrate can be used in terms of protein content and absence of anti-nutritional substances in compound feed, and whey-fat concentrate can be used for balancing the formulation for fat content. At the same time, the need for development of such deep processing industry in our republic is noted.

Download Full-text

AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO CARRY OUT MASS IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF POTENTILLA ALBA L.

Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University ◽

10.15421/201627 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (01) ◽

pp. 433-444

Author(s):

L. I. Tikhomirova ◽

A. A. Kechaykin ◽

A. I. Shmakov ◽

O. V. Aleksandrova

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Effective Means ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Test Tube ◽

Rare And Endangered Species ◽

In The Wild ◽

Rare And Endangered ◽

The Republic

Despite the plant’s extensive area of distribution, Potentilla alba L. natural resources are scarce and cannot meet the modern needs of the pharmaceutical industry. Because of the mass preparation of medical raw materials by using P. alba, it entered into the list of rare and endangered species plants of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Belarus. This plant is not represented in the wild flora of Western Siberia, but there is a great need for developing a method for the mass propagation of P. alba using in vitro culture in order to obtain a high-quality planting material. At the explant stage, the technique of the P. alba introduction into in vitro culture is developed. This paper reveals the morphogenetic features of the development of P. alba explants of different types and the regenerative capacity of the tissue culture. At the micropropagation stage, the optimum culture media and the growth conditions for the regenerated plants are selected. At the stage of test-tube plants rooting and transferring them into ex vitro conditions, the most effective means of adaptation to non-sterile conditions in hydroponics are proposed.

Download Full-text

Research and development of a comprehensive technology for processing kaolinite clays in Kazakhstan

10.31643/2021.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Dyussenova ◽

◽

Ahmed A. M. El-Amir ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Composition ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽

High Quality ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

Sodium Aluminosilicate ◽

The Republic

In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the most promising are kaolinite clays of the Alekseevsky deposit. For effective processing of clays, it is necessary to develop special methods of processing, since satisfactory results were not achieved when using standard methods of gravity processing. The article provides the results of studies of the effect of preliminary chemical activation on the yield of the kaolinite fraction during gravitational processing. Previously, the method of preliminary chemical activation of raw materials in a solution of sodium bicarbonate has proven itself well in the processing of various mineral raw materials. It is determined that as a result of preliminary chemical activation, changes in the phase composition occurred. The dependence of the yield of the kaolinite fraction on the temperature of chemical activation, duration, and the ratio of W:T and the concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution. Based on the results obtained, a technology for the complex processing of kaolinite clays has been developed, which provides for the preliminary chemical activation of the feedstock at the beginning of the process, which will effectively isolate high-quality kaolinite and quartz products, which will significantly reduce the flow of materials entering for sintering. As a result of activation, the phase composition of the kaolinite fraction has changed: the percentage of the kaolinite fraction has decreased; new phases of muscovite and sodium aluminosilicate appeared; the amount of quartz increased.

Download Full-text

Prospects of using less common autochthonous grape varieties for production of wines in Armenia

Magarach. Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie ◽

10.35547/im.2021.49.36.012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 72-75

Author(s):

Гаруш Александрович Самвелян ◽

Агнесса Гарушевна Самвелян ◽

Арман Эмилевич Манукян ◽

Нуне Рубеновна Симонян ◽

Гор Маркосович Аветисян ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Financial Support ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

High Quality ◽

Wine Production ◽

Science Committee ◽

Experimental Base ◽

Scientific Project ◽

The Republic ◽

Grape Varieties

Возросший интерес к винам из стран, считающихся родиной виноделия (Армения, Грузия, Греция, Румыния), связан со своеобразием ароматов и вкусов, обусловленных местными традиционными сортами винограда. Однако сортовой состав автохтонного винограда, используемый в производстве вин в Армении, весьма ограничен. Нами поставлена цель выявить и изучить перспективность малораспространенных, забытых аборигенных армянских сортов винограда для производства высококачественных вин. Актуальность работы связана с увеличением сырьевых ресурсов виноградовинодельческой отрасли республики. Для исследования были выбраны аборигенные красные сорта Тозот, Кохбени, Арени (контроль) из двух регионов Армении. Опытные виноматериалы были приготовлены в условиях микровиноделия. Двухлетние изучения технохимических показателей и органолептическая оценка опытных образцов выявили перспективность использования красных (Тозот и Кохбени) сортов автохтонного винограда в качестве сырья для производства вин высокого качества в разных регионах Армении. Recent years the increased interest in wines from countries considered to be the birthplace of winemaking (Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Romania) is associated with the uniqueness of aroma and flavor of the local traditional grape varieties. However, the variety assortment of autochthonous grapes used in wine production in Armenia is very limited. Our goal is to find out and study the prospects of less common autochthonous Armenian grape varieties for the high quality wine production. The relevance of this work is associated with the increase in the amount of raw materials of the viticultural and winemaking industry of the Republic. Red autochthonous grape varieties 'Tozot', 'Koghbeni', 'Areni' (as the control) from two regions of Armenia were selected for the research. Experimental base wines were produced in the conditions of microvinification. A two-year research of technochemical indicators and organoleptic assessment of experimental samples revealed the potential of using local red varieties ('Tozot' and 'Koghbeni') as raw materials for the high quality wine production in different regions of Armenia. The research was carried out with the financial support of State Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Armenia within the framework of scientific project No. 18T-2K024.

Download Full-text

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY IN VITRO OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES OF RUBUS CHAMAEMORUS L. (ROSACEAE)

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2021049305 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 319-325

Author(s):

Yana Leonidovna Strakh ◽

Ol'ga Stepanovna Ignatovets

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Chelating Activity ◽

Rubus Chamaemorus ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Republic

Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) is the leader among northern berries in the content of phenolic compounds, which can cause a wide range of biological activity. Currently, there is an increased interest in the study of the antioxidant activity of plant extracts in order to search for promising sources of raw materials for the pharmaceutical and food industries. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of interpopulation and gender differences in antioxidant and antiradical activities in vitro of cloudberry leaf extracts growing on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Classical spectrophotometric methods were used for determination: phosphomolibdenic method, Fe + 2-chelating activity, NO-inhibiting activity, inhibition of hydroxyl radicals (OH), method of superoxide radical inhibition in an alkaline solution of dimethylsulfoxide, DPPH, ABTS. Differences in the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the alcoholic extracts of leaf blades of Rubus chamaemorus L. It was found that the population of the Bolshoi Mokh preserve possesses the highest inhibition rates of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. The maximum iron-chelating activity was exhibited by the extracts of the male plant of the Bolshoy Moh preserve. The least inhibitory activity of Rubus chamaemorus L. leaf extracts was shown to the nitrogen-oxide radical. The established values of antioxidant and antiradical activities, as well as the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of the leaf blades of Rubus chamaemorus L. may be important for the development of measures to preserve the species and specific populations on the southern border of the habitat.

Download Full-text

Production of High Quality Planting Materials Through Breeding for Four Important Herbal Species

Journal Of Agrobiotechnology ◽

10.37231/jab.2021.12.2.254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 18-28

Author(s):

Farah Fazwa Md Ariff ◽

Syafiqah Nabilah Samsul Bahari ◽

Zunoliza Abdullah ◽

Ling Sui Kiong ◽

Masitah Mohd Taini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

High Quality ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Planting Materials

With the growing interest in these species as a source of new pharmaceutical products and the increasing demand for herbal products in Malaysia, the demand for its raw materials is also increasing. Therefore, initiatives have been taken by Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) to select and to produce high quality planting materials for future uses. To our knowledge, most of the raw materials used in producing herbal products and its development were being sourced from the wild, with little knowledge on the quality of the raw materials. In order to ensure the quality and sustainability of raw materials in the market, it is important to come out with suitable breeding strategy for the selected species. This paper highlights research by FRIM on collecting, screening, selecting and producing high quality planting materials for the four species based on their growth performance and bioactive compounds. Several research on the production of high quality planting materials for four important medicinal plants has been initiated by FRIM starting from the 11th Malaysian Plan until now. This paper discusses about four selected species namely Chromolaena odorata (kapal terbang), Andrographis paniculata (creat or green chiretta), Beackea frutescens (false ru) and Senna alata (candle bush). These species are found to have a significant benefit to the human’s health. C. odorata (kapal terbang) leaf extract are found to have relatively strong inhibition on platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding in vitro, indicating an anti-inflammatory activity, which is favourable for wound healing. A major bioactive compound in A. paniculata, andrographolide has shown anticancer potential in various research. Whereas, B. frutescens has a potential to be used as anti-gout remedies. Research conducted by FRIM showed that active compound in the leaves and stems of B. frutescens extract are effective in inhibiting uric acid formation and promoting uric acid secretion. Whereas for S. alata, the highest content of major flavonoid glycoside compound, kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside (K3G), has an anti-inflammatory effect detected in leaf extracts. Germplasm plots for the species were also established in FRIM for future breeding activities. The outputs derived from this study will support the herbal industries in getting quality raw materials in the future. By using high quality plants will also increase the value of pharmaceutical products in the market. It is anticipated that herbal industries and interested party will seek FRIM for high quality seeds and seedlings materials for the development of their products as well as for the establishment of commercial herbal plantation.

Download Full-text

Spatial Development as a Modernization Driver for the Republic of Kazakhstan

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2012-5-53-58 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

S. Afontsev ◽

N. Zubarevich

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Spatial Development ◽

Economic Diversification ◽

Regional Economic ◽

Analytical Scheme ◽

Basic Goods ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

The Republic

The questions of spatial development as a modernization driver (the Kazakhstan case) are considered in this article. The analysis of the regional economic differences makes possible to work out the development guidelines, based on the advantages combination of the basic goods specialization and the policy of transferring growth impulses from the raw materials sector to the industry and service ones. Current challenges and opportunities, which face the Kazakhstan economy, the questions of economic diversification drive up the importance of the connection between spatial development and the cluster priorities. The analytical scheme of macro-regions and diversification through the dynamic focal networks can settle up these challenges.

Download Full-text