scholarly journals Focalizator in Novel Telegram by Putu Wijaya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chairul Basrun Umanailo

Until now, the analysis of the point of view in the intrinsic elements of literary works is still dominated by the analysis of the first and third-person perspectives. However, in the development of narrative text theory analysis, it is seen that there are changes in the division of types of viewpoints. In Bal's narratology theory, the point of view is called focalization, while those who see it from the point of view are called focalizers. Therefore, how the type of focalizer in the novel, especially in novel Telegram is the problem of this research. The purpose of this study was to identify the type of focalizer used in the novel. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection techniques used were reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data analysis techniques in this study include data identification, data classification, data analysis, and concluding the results of data analysis. The results showed that the type of vocalizer used was an internal focalisator. The use of an internal focalizer shows that the author of the novel is telling the story from a first-person perspective and that the author does not appear in the story.

TELAGA BAHASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
A. Yusdianti Tenriawali ◽  
Sumiaty Sumiaty

 Analysis of the point of view in the intrinsic element of literary works is still dominated by the analysis of first-person, and third-person perspectives. But in the development of narrative text theory analysis, there was a change in the division of viewpoint types. In Bal's narratology theory, the point of view is called focalization, while the viewer in the point of view is called focalization. Therefore, how is the type of focalizer in the novel, specifically in the novel Telegram, became the focus of this research study. The purpose of this study was to identify the type of focalizer used in the novel. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection techniques used are reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis techniques in this study include data identification, data classification, data analysis, and the conclusion of data analysis results. The results showed that the type of focalizer type used was internal focalization. The use of an internal focalization shows that the author of the novel tells the story from a first-person perspective, and the author does not appear in the story. Keywords: focalizer, novel, narratology BalAnalisis sudut pandang dalam unsur intrinsik karya sastra hingga saat ini cenderung masih didominasi oleh analisis sudut pandang orang pertama, dan orang ketiga. Namun dalam perkembangan analisis teori teks naratif, terlihat adanya perubahan pembagian tipe sudut pandang. Dalam teori naratologi Bal, sudut pandang disebut fokalisasi, sedangkan yang melihat dalam sudut pandang disebut fokalisator. Oleh karena itu, bagaimanakah tipe fokalisator dalam novel, khususnya novel Telegram, menjadi rumusan masalah penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi tipe fokalisator yang digunakan dalam novel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik baca dan teknik catat. Adapun teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi identifikasi data, klasifikasi data, analisis data, dan penyimpulan hasil analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe tipe fokalisator yang digunakan adalah fokalisator internal.  Penggunaan fokalisator internal menunjukkan bahwa pengarang novel tersebut menceritakan cerita dari sudut pandang orang pertama,dan pengarang tidak menampakkan diri dalam cerita.  


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Murni Cahyani ◽  
Kadaryati Kadaryati ◽  
Bagiya Bagiya

This research aims to describe: (1) intrinsic elements; (2) local wisdom contained in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy; (3) the plan to implement the learning of Bening Edged Bening novel by Habiburrahman El Shirazy in class XII of SMA. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The results of this study concluded that (1) the intrinsic elements of the Bidadari Bering Bening novel, namely (a) themes: the major themes of the story of a woman's struggle in sustaining life, minor themes include, matchmaking, self-esteem, romance; (b) figures and characterizations: the main characters, namely Ayna and Gus Afif. Ayna is intelligent, assertive, patient and loyal, Gus Afif is intelligent, shy, responsible, humble, and independent; (c) flow: forward, (d) setting: setting, including Kanzul Ulum Islamic Boarding School, Lombok and Bait Ibni Sabil; time settings include morning, afternoon, evening and night; socio-cultural background including Javanese socio-cultural background); (e) point of view: the point of view of the all-knowing third person; (f) mandate: never put down others, never give up, and always be patient in the face of life's trials; (2) Local wisdoms in the Bidadari Bering Bening novel include (a) languages: Javanese, (b) knowledge systems: natural surroundings, natural flora, natural flora, and the characteristics and behavior of humans, (c) social organizations: systems kinship, (d) equipment of human life: food and shelter and housing, (e) livelihood system: merchants, (f) religious system: religious rituals and teachers / religious leaders, (g) arts: shadow puppets; (3) The plan for implementing novel text learning in class XII SMA based on the 2013 curriculum is contained in the basic competence 3.9 analyzing the contents of the novel and the language of the novel. The method used is a scientific-based Inquiry Learning method. Keywords: Clear-eyed Angels, intrinsic elements, local wisdom.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Wenny Wijayanti ◽  
Ardi Wina Saputra

<div align="center"><table class="KisiTabel1" width="658" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="453"><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aims to determine and describe the shape of the teacher's imperative speech in learning and find out the factors that cause violations of the imperative politeness by the teacher towards students in learning. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with data in the form of teacher's speech in learning. Data collection techniques using listening techniques, note taking, and interviews, while data analysis techniques using qualitative analysis techniques. The results showed that in reality the teacher violated more politeness in language when using imperative speech to students. This can be seen from the number of utterances. Speeches were found as many as 120, while those that violated 102 speeches, 18 were speeches that obeyed politeness in language. The factors that cause the occurrence of imperative politeness violations committed by teachers are mostly caused by the lack of teacher understanding of the importance of imperative language politeness in learning.</p><p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan wujud tuturan imperatif guru dalam pembelajaran dan mengetahui faktor yang menyebabkan pelanggaran kesantunan imperatif oleh guru terhadap peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan data berupa tuturan guru dalam pembelajaran. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak, catat, dan wawancara, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kenyataannya guru lebih banyak melanggar kesantunan berbahasa pada saat menggunakan tuturan imperatif kepada peserta didik. Hal tersebut dapat diketahui dari jumlah tuturan. Tuturan yang ditemukan sebanyak 120, sedangkan yang melanggar sebanyak 102 tuturan dan 18 tuturan yang mematuhi kesantunan berbahasa. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya pelanggaran kesantunan imperatif yang dilakukan oleh guru paling banyak disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman guru akan pentingnya kesantunan berbahasa imperatif dalam pembelajaran.<strong> </strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Baiq Hikmalia Trisna ◽  
Johan Mahyudi ◽  
Muhammad Khairussibyan

Abstrak: Novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas merupakan salah satu novel populer dengan judul yang tampak serius dan belum pernah ada penelitian atas novel tersebut. Belum adanya penelitian atas novel tersebut menginisiasi hadirnya sebuah penelitian yang berjudul Analisis Formula dalam Novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas Karya J. S Khairen: Kajian Formula Sastra Populer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis formula unsur intrinsik yang terdapat dalam novel dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana formula tersebut mempengaruhi popularitas novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas. Teori yang digunakan untuk mendukung proses penelitian adalah teori formula. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Artinya, data-data kualitatif yang telah dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka dan teknik catat dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Objek penelitian sekaligus yang menjadi sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas. Adapun tahapan analisis data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan cara membaca novel dengan saksama dan menyeluruh, mencatat hal-hal yang dianggap penting, mengklasifikasikan isi novel berdasarkan formula unsur intrinsik, memberikan penjelasan, dan menarik simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat formula unsur intrinsik dalam novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas yang menjadikan novel ini digemari oleh para pembaca sehingga termasuk ke dalam jajaran novel best seller di Indonesia. Formula unsur intrinsik tersebut antara lain tema, tokoh/penokohan, latar, dan gaya bahasa. Keempat formula dikemas secara kreatif sehingga tidak membosankan para pembaca ketika menikmati alur cerita yang disuguhkan dalam novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas. Abstract: The novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas is a popular novel with a little serious looking title and there has never been any research on the novel. The absence of research on the novel has initiated a study entitled Formula Analysis  in Novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas By J. S Khairen: Study Of Popular Literature Formula.  This study aims to analyze the intrinsic element contained in the novel and describe how this formula affects the popularity of the novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas. The theory used to support the research process is formula theory.  This research is a qualitative descriptive study.  This means that qualitative data that has been collected through literature studies and note taking techniques are described descriptively.  The object of research as well as the source of data in this research is the novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas. The stages of data analysis in research are carried out by read novels carefully and throughly, note things that are considered important, classify novel contents based on the intrinsic element formula, provide explanations, and draw conclusions.  The results show that there are four formulas of intrinsic elements in the novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas that have made this novel popular with readers so that it is included in the ranks of the best seller novels in Indonesia. The formulas for the intrinsic elements include themes, characters/characterizations, settings, and language styles. The four formulas are packaged creatively so that the readers don't get bored when enjoying the storylines presented in the novel Kami (Bukan) Sarjana Kertas.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Ayu Septiana ◽  
Murahim ◽  
Marii

Abstrak: Masalah yang diangkat pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah bentuk klasifikasi emosi tokoh Nathan dalam novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani: kajian perspektif David Krech. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan klasifikasi emosi tokoh Nathan dalam novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani: kajian perspektif David Krech. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data-data tertulis  yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan tokoh Nathan dalam novel  Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani yang mencerminkan klasifikasi emosi perspektif David Krech. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani yang diterbitkan oleh Best Media tahun 2016 dengan 520 halaman. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan studi pustaka dan teknik baca catat. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data dengan mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, menganalisis, dan menyimpulkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh klasifikasi emosi perspektif David Krech pada tokoh Nathan dalam novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani. Klasifikasi emosi tersebut yaitu konsep rasa bersalah, rasa bersalah yang dipendam, menghukum diri sendiri, rasa malu, kesedihan, kebencian dan cinta. Klasifikasi emosi yang paling dominan dalam tokoh Nathan adalah klasifikasi emosi kebencian, sedangkan klasifikasi emosi yang lemah dalam tokoh Nathan adalah klasifikasi emosi konsep rasa bersalah. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan dalam meneliti dan mengembangkan penelitiaan yang berkenaan dengan teori klasifikasi emosi perspektif David Krech. Abstract: The problem raised in this study is how the emotional classification of Nathan's character in the novel Dear Nathan by Erisca Febriani: Study of David Krech's Perspective.  This study aims to describe the emotional classification of Nathan in the novel Dear Nathan by Erisca Febriani: David Krech's Perspective Study. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. This study uses written data obtained from observations of Nathan's character in Erisca Febriani's Dear Nathan novel that reflects the emotional classification of David Krech's perspective. The data source in this study is Erisca Febriani's Dear Nathan novel published by Best Media in 2016 with 520 pages.  The data collection method used in this research is to use literature study and note-taking techniques. The data in this study were analyzed using data analysis techniques by identifying, classifying, analyzing, and concluding. The results of this study indicate that there are seven emotional classifications of David Krech's perspective on Nathan's character in Erisca Febriani's Dear Nathan novel. This emotional classification is the concept of guilt, buried guilt, self-punishment, shame, sadness, hatred and love. The most dominant emotional classification in Nathan's character is the classification of hate emotions, while the weak emotional classification in Nathan's character is the emotional classification of the concept of guilt. It is hoped that this research can become input in researching and developing research relating to David Krech's perspective of emotional classification theory.


Kandai ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Tania Intan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tanggapan pembaca terhadap novel Le Petit Prince, menguraikan horizon harapan pembaca terhadap novel Le Petit Prince, dan memaparkan faktor-faktor penyebab perbedaan tanggapan dan horizon harapan pembaca. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Ada dua sumber data yaitu sumber data primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer mengacu pada objek penelitian, yaitu novel Le Petit Prince, sedangkan data sekunder berupa teks-teks yang memuat tanggapan pembaca novel Le Petit Prince yang terdiri atas 20 orang yang terdapat pada media massacetak dan elektronik, termasuk internet. Instrumen penelitian berupa tabel-tabel isian yang mengaitkan pembaca, tanggapan pembaca, dan horizon harapan. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dirumuskan dalam tiga poin. Pertama, seluruh pembaca menanggapi atau menilai positif unsur tema, alur, tokoh, latar, sudut pandang, gaya bahasa, teknik penceritaan, bahasa, dan isi novel Le Petit Prince. Kedua, harapan sebagian besar pembaca sebelum membaca novel Le Petit Prince sesuai dengan kenyataan ke sembilan unsur di dalam novel LePetit Prince sehingga pembaca dapat dengan mudah menerima dan memberikan pujian pada novel tersebut. Ketiga, faktor penyebab perbedaan tanggapan dan horizon harapan pembaca selain perbedaan stressing unsur yang ditanggapi juga karena perbedaan pengetahuan tentang sastra, pengetahuan tentang kehidupan dan pengalaman membaca karya sastra.(This study aims to describe the readers’ responses to the novel Le Petit Prince, the readers' horizon of hope for the novel Le Petit Prince, and the factors that cause differences in responses and readers' expectation horizons. This study included a type of qualitative descriptive study. There are two data sources, namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source refers to the object of the research, the Le Petit Prince novel, while the secondary data is in the form of texts that contain the readers' responses of Le Petit Prince's novels consisting of 20 people, which are contained in print and electronic mass media including the internet. The research instrument is in the form of tables that link readers, readers' responses, and expectation horizons. Data is collected by means of observations and data analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the research are as follows. First, all readers respond or positively assess the elements of the theme, plot, character, setting, point of view, language style, storytelling techniques, language, and contents of the Le Petit Prince novel. Second, the hope of most readers before reading the Le Petit Prince novel is in accordance with the reality of the nine elements in the novel Le Petit Prince so that readers can easily receive and give praise to the novel. Third, the factors that cause differences in responses and readers' expectation horizons in addition to differences in elemental stressing are also responded to because of differences in knowledge about literature, knowledge of life and the experience of reading literature.) 


Author(s):  
Diana E. Gasparyan ◽  

In this article, it is shown that in some theories defending the non-reductive nature of the firstperson perspective it is possible to find a very inconsistent attitude. Such theories are associated by the author to a so-called moderate naturalism. The article demonstrates the difference between moderate and radical naturalism. Radical naturalism completely abandons the idea of subjectivity as unobservable from a third-person perspective. On the contrary, moderate naturalism defends the irreducibility of subjectivity, but believes subjectivity to be a part of the nature. As a case of moderate naturalism, the article considers the approaches of Lynne Baker and Thomas Metzinger. Exemplifying these approaches to the first-person perspective, it is shown that in the case of certain work strategies focused on the first-person perspective, it is possible that a so-called description error may appear, by which a description error of subjectivity — when it is placed in the world as a part of nature, existing according to its laws — is understood. The logic of this error points to one of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s statements about the incorrect placement of the eye in the perspective of the eye view itself. If the first-person perspective is introduced as a point of view (or a point of observation), then its subsequent shift to the observation result area leads to description error. If there is no observation, as well as no viewpoint, we lose the very idea of first-person perspective and actually take the position of radical naturalism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ana Farichatun Naschah ◽  
Dwi Rahmawati ◽  
Triasih Triasih

Online news is the news that is widely accessed in this digital era, because it is faster, more accurate, and flexible. At the beginning of 2020, the whole world is facing the Corona or Covid-19 virus. In cyberspace itself, many sites have the Corona theme as their main news. However, it is not uncommon for language errors to be found in online news, both errors during the typing process, as well as pure errors from the personal error of the author who is not careful in using language rules. This study aims to determine how many types of language errors are in CNN Indonesia's online news about Covid-19 for the March 2020 period. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection techniques in this study used the observation and note technique. Data analysis techniques were carried out starting from the beginning in the form of collection, recording, and classification. Based on the results of this study, four areas of language error were found, namely: (1) spelling (writing italics), (2) morphology (affix me (N) and prefix meN-), (3) syntax (illogical sentences, and non-logical sentences. frugal), (4) diction (connotative meaning and non-standard words). With this research, so that in the future the news presented can provide knowledge to readers by writing well and correctly


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Mujahidatul Haibah ◽  
Chaerul Rochman ◽  
Ida Farida

This research reveals the problems that occur during distance learning in the amaliyah activities in the month of Ramadan during the Covid-19 pandemic at 16 Bandung Public High Schools. At the same time, the purpose of this study is to find distance-learning about the activities of the Islamic month of Ramadan during the Covid-19 pandemic at 16 Bandung Public High Schools. This research is a qualitative descriptive study based on a sample consisting of 22 men and 13 women, using the instruments, namely a checklist and a matrix, in triangulation questions. Data analysis techniques include providing value, calculating the average number of scores, calculating the average according to gender, calculating the relationship of 3 variables; graphs, triangulation illustrate the results. Based on the data analysis conducted, the results of this study are strong in the ability of the character components of students or students who, on average, get the highest score or value. And also that the distance learning process about the amaliyah activities of the month of Ramadan during the Covid-19 pandemic at SMAN 16 Bandung school can better shape the character of students or students. This research concludes that learning during this pandemic period; students have more expertise in competency components. And with this character and product relationship can make good results.


Author(s):  
Anton Kurniawan ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno ◽  
Ani Rakhmawati

The purpose of this study is to describe Javanese women’s patriotism in the ketoprak manuscript “Kyai Kala Gumarang”. This qualitative descriptive study used a content analysis technique to analyze the data. The main data source was the ketoprak manuscript titled “Kyai Kala Gumarang”. Library research methods were employed to collect the data. Data analysis techniques using interwoven analysis techniques and interactive analysis with a feminist approach. The results of the study showed that the words, phrases, and sentences in the manuscript indicated that women had a key role as an important messenger of the kingdom, as a distraction, and as soldiers defending the homeland.


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