scholarly journals ANALISIS KEARIFAN LOKAL NOVEL BIDADARI BERMATA BENING KARYA HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY DAN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARANNYA DI KELAS XII SMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Murni Cahyani ◽  
Kadaryati Kadaryati ◽  
Bagiya Bagiya
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Text Learning ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
The Face ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
And Behavior

This research aims to describe: (1) intrinsic elements; (2) local wisdom contained in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy; (3) the plan to implement the learning of Bening Edged Bening novel by Habiburrahman El Shirazy in class XII of SMA. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The results of this study concluded that (1) the intrinsic elements of the Bidadari Bering Bening novel, namely (a) themes: the major themes of the story of a woman's struggle in sustaining life, minor themes include, matchmaking, self-esteem, romance; (b) figures and characterizations: the main characters, namely Ayna and Gus Afif. Ayna is intelligent, assertive, patient and loyal, Gus Afif is intelligent, shy, responsible, humble, and independent; (c) flow: forward, (d) setting: setting, including Kanzul Ulum Islamic Boarding School, Lombok and Bait Ibni Sabil; time settings include morning, afternoon, evening and night; socio-cultural background including Javanese socio-cultural background); (e) point of view: the point of view of the all-knowing third person; (f) mandate: never put down others, never give up, and always be patient in the face of life's trials; (2) Local wisdoms in the Bidadari Bering Bening novel include (a) languages: Javanese, (b) knowledge systems: natural surroundings, natural flora, natural flora, and the characteristics and behavior of humans, (c) social organizations: systems kinship, (d) equipment of human life: food and shelter and housing, (e) livelihood system: merchants, (f) religious system: religious rituals and teachers / religious leaders, (g) arts: shadow puppets; (3) The plan for implementing novel text learning in class XII SMA based on the 2013 curriculum is contained in the basic competence 3.9 analyzing the contents of the novel and the language of the novel. The method used is a scientific-based Inquiry Learning method. Keywords: Clear-eyed Angels, intrinsic elements, local wisdom.

scholarly journals Focalizator in Novel Telegram by Putu Wijaya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chairul Basrun Umanailo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
First Person Perspective

Until now, the analysis of the point of view in the intrinsic elements of literary works is still dominated by the analysis of the first and third-person perspectives. However, in the development of narrative text theory analysis, it is seen that there are changes in the division of types of viewpoints. In Bal's narratology theory, the point of view is called focalization, while those who see it from the point of view are called focalizers. Therefore, how the type of focalizer in the novel, especially in novel Telegram is the problem of this research. The purpose of this study was to identify the type of focalizer used in the novel. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection techniques used were reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data analysis techniques in this study include data identification, data classification, data analysis, and concluding the results of data analysis. The results showed that the type of vocalizer used was an internal focalisator. The use of an internal focalizer shows that the author of the novel is telling the story from a first-person perspective and that the author does not appear in the story.

scholarly journals TIPE FOKALISATOR DALAM NOVEL PUTU WIJAYA:TELEGRAM

TELAGA BAHASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
A. Yusdianti Tenriawali ◽  
Sumiaty Sumiaty
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

 Analysis of the point of view in the intrinsic element of literary works is still dominated by the analysis of first-person, and third-person perspectives. But in the development of narrative text theory analysis, there was a change in the division of viewpoint types. In Bal's narratology theory, the point of view is called focalization, while the viewer in the point of view is called focalization. Therefore, how is the type of focalizer in the novel, specifically in the novel Telegram, became the focus of this research study. The purpose of this study was to identify the type of focalizer used in the novel. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection techniques used are reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis techniques in this study include data identification, data classification, data analysis, and the conclusion of data analysis results. The results showed that the type of focalizer type used was internal focalization. The use of an internal focalization shows that the author of the novel tells the story from a first-person perspective, and the author does not appear in the story. Keywords: focalizer, novel, narratology BalAnalisis sudut pandang dalam unsur intrinsik karya sastra hingga saat ini cenderung masih didominasi oleh analisis sudut pandang orang pertama, dan orang ketiga. Namun dalam perkembangan analisis teori teks naratif, terlihat adanya perubahan pembagian tipe sudut pandang. Dalam teori naratologi Bal, sudut pandang disebut fokalisasi, sedangkan yang melihat dalam sudut pandang disebut fokalisator. Oleh karena itu, bagaimanakah tipe fokalisator dalam novel, khususnya novel Telegram, menjadi rumusan masalah penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi tipe fokalisator yang digunakan dalam novel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik baca dan teknik catat. Adapun teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi identifikasi data, klasifikasi data, analisis data, dan penyimpulan hasil analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe tipe fokalisator yang digunakan adalah fokalisator internal.  Penggunaan fokalisator internal menunjukkan bahwa pengarang novel tersebut menceritakan cerita dari sudut pandang orang pertama,dan pengarang tidak menampakkan diri dalam cerita.  

Tanggapan dan Horizon Harapan Pembaca terhadap Le Petit Prince Karya A. De Saint-Exupery: Tinjauan Resepsi Sastra

Metahumaniora ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Tania Intan ◽  
Trisna Gumilar
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Reader Responses ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Research Type

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendekripsikan tanggapan pembaca terhadap novel Le Petit Prince (2) mendeskripsikan horizon harapan pembaca terhadap novel Le Petit Prince, dan (3) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor penyebab perbedaan tanggapan dan horizon harapan pembaca. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa teks yang memuat tanggapan pembaca novel Le Petit Princeyang terdiri dari 20 orang, sedangkan sumber datanya berupa artikel dan makalah yang dimuat di media massa cetak dan elektronik termasuk internet. Instrumen penelitian berupa seperangkat konsep tentang pembaca, tanggapan pembaca, dan horizon harapan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang didapat sebagai berikut. (1) Seluruh pembaca menanggapi atau menilai positif unsur tema, alur, tokoh, latar, sudut pandang, gaya bahasa, teknik penceritaan, bahasa, dan isi novel Le Petit Prince. (2) Harapan sebagian besar pembaca sebelum membaca novel Le Petit Prince sesuai dengan kenyataan ke sembilan unsur di dalam novel Le Petit Prince, sehingga pembaca dapat dengan mudah menerima dan memberikan pujian pada novel Le Petit Prince. (3) Faktor penyebab perbedaan tanggapan dan horizon harapan pembaca selain perbedaan stressing unsur yang ditanggapi juga karena perbedaan pengetahuan tentang sastra, pengetahuan tentang kehidupan, dan pengalaman membaca karya sastra.Kata kunci: tanggapan pembaca, horizon harapan, Le Petit PrinceAbstractThis study aims to (1) describe reader’s responses to the novel Le Petit Prince (2) to describe the reader's expectations horizon of Le Petit Prince's novel, and (3) to describe the factors causing differences in responses and the horizon of readers' expectations. This research is a descriptive qualitative research type. The research data consist of a set of paragraphs that contains readers' responses to Le Petit Prince's novel, while the data sources are articles and papers published in print and electronic mass media including the internet. The research instruments are a set of reader concepts, reader responses, and expectations horizon. The technique of collecting data is observation and data are analyzed by using qualitative descriptive technique. The results obtained are as follow: (1) All readers respond and valuethe theme elements,plots, characters, background, point of view, language, titles, storytelling techniques, language, and extrinsic novel Le Petit Prince positively. (2) The expectations of most readers before reading Le Petit Prince's novels are in accordance with the nine facts in Le Petit Prince's novel, so readers can easily accept and give prise to Le Petit Prince's novel. (3) Factors causing differences in responses and horizon of readers' expectations other than the stressing differences of the elements being addressed also due to the differences in knowledge of literature, knowledge of life and literary reading experience. Keywords: readers responses, expectations horizon, Le Petit Prince

scholarly journals NILAI TANGGUNG JAWAB DALAM NOVEL LASKAR PELANGI KARYA ANDREA HIRATA: TINJAUAN STRUKTURALISME GENETIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Siti Rukiyah
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Livelihood Systems ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This study discusses in depth about the moral values of responsibility in the novel Laskar Pelangi. Furthermore, the proposed related to the socio-cultural background of the authors in the creation of novel Laskar Pelangi effect on moral values. In addition, also discussed the author's view of the world related to the teachings of the value of responsibility. This research uses a qualitative approach with content analysis method. The results showed that the value of responsibility based on the novel structure consisting of man's relationship to himself, namely in terms of character and characterization. The characters are displayed Andrea Hirata bring the characters responsible for the thoughts, attitudes, and behavior. From a review of genetic structuralism, the value of responsibility based on social and cultural background, knowledge systems also influence the social and cultural life. Belitung people's livelihood systems are revealed also shape the character responsible. The author's world view of morals includes the value of self-existence, self-esteem, self-confidence, fear, longing, and responsibility.

scholarly journals The Rushdie Affair – Politics, Culture and Ethnicity in Hanif Kureishi’s The Black Album

Politeja ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8 (31/2)) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ossowska-Czader
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
British Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Hanif Kureishi ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
The Face ◽  
British Muslims

The aim of this paper is to show how politics, culture and ethnicity interweave in the context of the Rushdie Affair in both the real‑life dimension of the historical events taking place in the late 1980s, as well as the literary dimension of the novel by Hanif Kureishi entitled The Black Album. The paper briefly outlines the Rushdie Affair as it unfolded in the British public sphere with particular emphasis placed on the process of consolidation of the Muslim identity among the representatives of different ethnic groups in Great Britain in the political and cultural context of the event which is deemed to be defining from the point of view of British Muslims. The author of the paper presents the profile of Hanif Kureishi, to indicate why he is ideally positioned to look critically at both sides of the conflict. The paper analyses the novel itself insofar as it examines the implications of the Rushdie Affair depicted in The Black Album, the reactions of the second‑generation immigrants of Pakistani descent in the face of the controversy, the influence this event exerted on the process of their searching for identity as well as their integration into British society. Two opposing identity options taken up by the protagonists of The Black Album are analysed by the author of the paper.

scholarly journals Mystical Teaching About ‘Conscience’ in the Occult Concept of the ‘Fourth Way’

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
Олег Лемешев
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Research Task ◽  
Fourth Way ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
And Behavior

Целью данной статьи является анализ изучения понятия «совесть» в оккультной концепции «Четвёртого пути». В качестве исследовательской задачи автор совершил попытку оценить ложные взгляды данной доктрины, а также охарактеризовать их с нейтральной стороны и дать им критическую оценку с точки зрения православного богословия. Кроме того, выделяются и описываются особенности оккультного учения, в которых лжеучителя пытаются перекинуть личную ответственность за свои грехи на абсолютно внешние факторы, не имеющие никакого отношения к жизни и поведению человека. Разоблачены действия оккультистов, которые благодаря подменам понятий пытаются абстрагировать христианскую мысль и, оперируя своим ложным учением, пытаются внести в православную терминологию ложные понятия. В работе наглядно показано, что учение данной доктрины приводит не к совести, а к экстазу. Автор приходит к выводу, что учение «Четвёртого пути» о «совести» не имеет никакого отношения к христианской совести, и вместо того, чтобы созидать личность, наоборот, личность у них разрушается и полностью пропадает. Данная проблема мало изучена и требует дальнейших исследований. The goal of this article is to explore into the idea of “conscience” in the occult concept of the Fourth Way movement. As a research task, the author attempted to check the misleading creed of movement as well as to characterize them from the neutral side and give them a critical assessment from the point of view of the Orthodox theology. In addition, the author are highlights the means, by which the movement leaders seek to transfer personal responsibility for one’s sins to external factors that are not related to human life and behavior. The author explains the movement’s activities, which involve substitution of concepts as they seek to abstract Christian thought and to introduce false ideas into the Orthodox Christian terminology. The author argues that teaching of this doctrine leads not to conscience but to an ecstasy. The author concludes that the teachings of the Fourth Way on “conscience” have nothing to do with the Christian conscience as it they harm and deconstruct personhood instead of affirming it. According to the author, the issue has not been studied enough so far and requires further research.

scholarly journals FEODALISME DALAM NOVEL PIPISAHAN KARYA RAF

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Resti Nurfaidah
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Human Values ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Father Figures ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Individual Achievement ◽  
And Behavior

AbstrakFeodalisme muncul pada abad pertengahan sebagai dampak dari implementasi sistem vassal. Feodalisme tidak pernah hilang bahkan setelah era imperialisme telah berakhir. Sistem politik dan sosial yang sangat membanggakan hirarki manusia tersebut selalu hadir dalam kehidupan manusia, terutama di tempat tempat yang masih mengadopsi sistem tuan tanah. Dampak terbesar dari feodalisme adalah penghancuran nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dengan timbulnya diskriminasi yang tidak didasarkan pada prestasi seseorang, tetapi pada posisi dan kekuasaan seseorang. Kajian ini mendapati bahwa dalam novel berjudul Pipisahan, feodalisme menjadi pencetus timbulnya kelompok marginal dalam kehidupan masyarakat, terutama di lingkungan terkecil seperti keluarga. Dalam kajian tersebut, feodalisme terdapat dalam korpus berupa tuturan dan perilaku tokoh bapak mertua terhadap anak dan menantunya. Korpus tersebut dikaji berdasarkan pada konsep feodalisme berikut, antara lain, feodalisme Simorangkir, Reeser, dan Connell. Sementara itu, sisi maskulinitas dikaji berdasarkan konsep Humm sementara konsep tentang meme dilandasi pandangan Dawskins. AbstractFeudalism emerged in the middle ages as a result of the implementation of vassal system. Feudalism never disappear even after the era of imperialism has ended. Political and social system which is very proud of the human hierarchy is present in human life, especially in places that are still adopting the landlord system. The biggest impact of feudalism is destruction of human values with the incidence of discrimination which is not based on individual achievement, but on one's position and power. This study found that in the novel entitled Pipisahan, feudalism trigger the onset of marginalized groups in public life, especially in the smallest environments like family. In this study, feudalism contained in the corpus in the form of speech and behavior of the father figures of children and daughter-in-law. The corpus studied based on the concept of feudalism as follow; feudalism Simorangkir, Reeser, and Connell. Meanwhile, the concept of masculinity assessed based Humm, while the concept of the meme is based on Dawskins.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BENTUK DAN FUNGSI REFERENSI PERSONAL DALAM NOVEL REMBULAN TENGGELAM DIWAJAHMU KARYA TERE LIYE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Muh Ali Imran ◽  
Nur Resky Evawanti
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Third Person ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Planning Action

AbstractThe main problem in this research  how to find out about the form and function of personal references in the novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu in order to determine the differences contained in the novel especially those on personal references contained therein. This research was a literature review of research that contains one topic that contains some ideas or propositions related and must be supported by the data obtained from literature sources. This research procedure included planning, action and analysis. Subjects in this study was the novel of  Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu. The results showed that the observation of novel moon sinking in the face are analyzed on personal references indicate that there are a lot of words including personal references such as personal pronoun first (referring to himself), pronouns second person (referring to the speaker) , and the third person pronoun (which refers to the person in question). Based on these results above, it can be concluded that the words include references persona there are differences both in writing and in speech.Keywords: Novel, personal referencesAbstrakMasalah utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana mengetahui tentang bentuk dan fungsi referensi personal di dalam novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang terdapat di dalam novel tersebut terkhusus pada referensi personal yang terdapat di dalamnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kajian pustaka yang berisi satu topik yang memuat beberapa gagasan atau proposisi yang berkaitan dan harus didukung oleh data yang diperoleh dari sumber pustaka. Prosedur penelitian ini meleputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, dan analisis. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah novel rembulan tenggelam di wajahmu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pengamatan terhadap novel rembulan tenggelam di wajahmu yang menganalisis tentang referensi personal menunjukkan bahwa terdapat banyak kata-kata yang termasuk referensi personal seperti pronomina persona pertama( yang mengacu pada diri sendiri), pronomina persona kedua (yang mengacu pada lawan bicara), dan pronomina persona ketiga (yang mengacu pada orang yang dibicarakan). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kata-kata yang mencakup referensi persona terdapat perbedaan baik didalam penulisan maupun didalam tuturan.  Kata kunci: Novel,referensi personal

scholarly journals ANALISIS ASPEK KEJIWAAN TOKOH UTAMA NOVEL HATI SUHITA KARYA KHILMA ANIS (TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Nanda Maulana Hasmi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Psychological Conflict ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Relationship Of

Literary work tries to describe human life, not only in relation to other humans, but also in relation to itself through the relationship of inner events. One form of literary work is novel. The birth of the novel is the creative result of the author in processing a story about life complete with various conflicts in it. Because this research is intended as a study of literary psychology to achieve the psychological aspects of the main character in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis, what will be put forward is the structure of the story which is closely related to the psychological exposure of the main character. The story structure is the characters and characterizations. As well as the story setting. Qualitative method. Namely, research procedures that produce qualitative descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior. How as much data as possible will be able to become the subject of research depends on the use of research techniques. While the approach is a literary assessment perspective. The approach is the scope of literary research. The form, content, and nature of literature as the subject of study. Until now, it seems that in literary research there is often confusion between the use of the terms method, technique and approach. As a result, there are overlapping areas of literary research. The method should involve the operational means of research. The method requires research steps that are worth following. The research results found by the researcher were in the form of the character of the main character and psychological conflicts in Khilma Anis' novel Hati Suhita. Suhita's character is good, tawadhu, smart. Al Birruni is firm, easy to change. Rengganis beautiful, smart. Aruna is good, cheerful. Kang Dharma is calm, mature. And the psychological conflict of Suhita's character is sad. Al Birruni didn't have the heart, Rengganis knew himself, Aruna was sad, and Kang Dharma was calm. In connection with conducting the research, the writer suggests that: first, literary reviewers are advised to examine more deeply the implicit and explicit values in Khilma Anis' novel Hati Suhita, because then we as readers can understand the author's message and his work in totality.

scholarly journals NOVEL ANAK RASIAH KODEU BINER KARYA DADAN SUTISNA SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBELAJARAN APRESIASI SASTRA DI SMP (Analisis Strukturalisme dan Etnopedagogik)

LOKABASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Euis Siti Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Story Content ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Selection Of

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan unsur struktural dan etnopedagogik novel Rasiah Kodeu Biner sebagai alternatif bahan pengajaran apresiasi sastra. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis, sedangkan teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik telaah pustaka, analisis data, dan teknik interpretasi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan tema novel tentang usaha sekelompok anak memecahkan rahasia surat yang menggunakan bilangan biner. Alur yang digunakan alur campuran. Jumlah tokoh 43 orang. Latar yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya latar tempat, waktu, dan sosial. Judul telah mewakili isi cerita. Pengarang menggunakan sudut pandang orang ketiga. Bahasa yang digunakan bahasa sehari-hari. Novel Rasiah Kodeu Biner memiliki banyak nilai etnopedagogik moral kemanusiaan. Novel ini bisa dijadikan alternatif bahan pembelajaran apresiasi sastra karena memenuhi kriteria pemilihan bahan ajar serta mengandung nilai moral kemanusian sesuai kepribadian siswa. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to describe the structural and ethnopedagogic elements of Rasiah Kodeu Biner novel as an alternative of literature appreciation teaching-learning material. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method, while the techniques used are literature review techniques, data analysis, and interpretation techniques. The results of the study revealed that the novel theme is about the effort of group of children to solve the secret letter using binary numbers. The sequel used is mixed sequel. Numbers of characters are 43 people. The backgrounds found in this study include setting place, time, and social. The title has represented the story content. The author uses a third-person point of view. Language used is common language. Rasiah Kodeu Biner novel has many ethnopedagogic moral values of humanity. This novel can be used as an alternative material in teaching-learning literature appreciation, as it meets the criteria of the selection of teaching-learning materials and contains the moral values of humanity suitable with the students’ personality.

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