scholarly journals Benjamin Graham on Buffer Stocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E Woods
Keyword(s):  
Government Intervention ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Buffer Stock ◽  
The Other ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Reserve Currency ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Value Investing ◽  
Main Components

Surprisingly, Benjamin Graham, the acknowledged “Father of Value Investing”, considered his most important work to be the invention of the Commodity Reserve Currency Plan during the 1930s and 1940s. Previous studies of the Plan have overlooked the fact that, of its three main components (buffer stocks, price stability and currency–backing), Graham regarded the first as the most important and the other two as “secondary” or “subsidiary”. By focusing on the buffer–stock aspect, we demonstrate, first, the breadth and depth of Graham’s overall conception in terms of both micro– and macro-economics and, second, the considerable overlap with Keynes’s ideas developed around the same time, which are manifested particularly in their common conclusion that the inefficiency of commodity markets could be rectified only by government intervention. We also comment on Mehrling’s assessment of Graham as “not any kind of economist at all” (JHET, 2011).

scholarly journals Ingredients, Functionality, and Safety of the Japanese Traditional Sweet Drink Amazake

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kurahashi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Bowel Movement ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Main Components

The sweet drink amazake is a fermented food made from Aspergillus oryzae and related koji molds in Japan. There are two types of drinks called amazake, one made from koji (koji amazake) and the other made from sake lees, a by-product of sake (sakekasu amazake). The sweetness of koji amazake is from glucose, derived from starch broken down by A. oryzae amylase. The other, sakekasu amazake, depends on added sugar. The main components are glucose and sucrose, but they also contain more than 300 other ingredients. Koji amazake contains oligosaccharides and ergothioneine, and sakekasu amazake has a resistant protein and α-ethyl glucoside, which are characteristic ingredients of each amazake. However, there are also common ingredients such as glycosylceramide. Functionality is known to include anti-fatigue, bowel movement, skin barrier, and other effects on human health. In particular, the bowel movement-improving effects have been well studied for both amazakes. These functions result from ingesting approximately 100 mL per day, but human clinical trials have clarified that this amount has no effect on blood glucose levels and weight gain. In the future, the identification of substances associated with each function is required.

Stumbling on the rehabilitation gold? Foucault vs. Foucault in San Quentin and beyond

Ethnography ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Paulle
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trauma Treatment ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Authentic Self ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Central Claim

This article examines GRIP, a rehabilitation program currently spreading through California’s state prison system. While most ‘violent offenders’ come to GRIP hoping to increase chances of parole, this yearlong program with four main components – stopping violence, mindfulness, emotional intelligence, understanding victim impact – is meant to create conditions in which inmates can ‘do the work’ leading to genuine transformation. A central claim is that due in part to the trauma-treatment model GRIP follows, inmates end up ‘stumbling on the gold’ and going through changes (involving recovery of an ‘authentic self ’ rooted in childhood) that helps enable skillful responses even to ‘moments of imminent danger’. Understandably, researchers of such programs may seek theoretical inspiration from the ‘dominant’ version of Foucault. Yet this paper sets out to change the conversation about prisons and rehabilitation in part by demonstrating the utility of the ‘other’ Foucault’s pragmatic recovery of body-based self-disciplining practices and regimes.

scholarly journals Corruption and Government Intervention on Bank Risk-Taking: Cases of Asian Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
Rizky Maulana Nurhidayat ◽  
Rofikoh Rokhim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Dummy Variables ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to addresses the impact of corruption, anti-corruption commission, and government intervention on bank’s risk-taking using banks in Asian Countries such as  Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and South of Korea during the period 1995-2016. This paper uses corruption variable, bank-specific variables, macroeconomic variables, dummy variables and interaction variable to estimate bank’s risk-taking variable. Using data from 76 banks in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and South Korea over 21 years, this research finds consistent evidence that higher level of corruption and government intervention in crisis-situation will increase the risk-taking behaviour of banks. In the other hand, bank risk-taking behaviour minimized by the existence of anti-corruption commission. In addition, this paper also finds that government intervention amplifies corruption’s effect on bank’s risk-taking behaviour because of strong signs of moral hazard and weaknesses in the governance and supervision.

Reformulating Government-Citizen Relations in a Digitally Connected World

2016 ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Helin Alagöz Gessler
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One

This chapter analyses the effects of social media on political communication and the role they play in government-citizen relations by focusing on the Twitter ban phenomenon in Turkey in March 2014. The chapter asks the reasons of government intervention in social media, particularly Twitter. It argues that Twitter makes, on the one hand, a significant contribution to the evolution of political participation as it diversifies the process and methods of political communication. On the other hand, it introduces a new type of security dilemma which encourages governments to consider taking measures against social media to protect their authority.

scholarly journals Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf and Twig Oils of Litsea Mushaensis and L. linii from Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501
Author(s):  
Chen-Lung Ho ◽  
Eugene I-Chen Wang ◽  
Yen-Hsueh Tseng ◽  
Pei-Chun Liao ◽  
Chien-Nan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Main Components

The hydrodistilled essential oils of the leaves and twigs of Litsea mushaensis and L. linii were analyzed. Sixty-nine and ninety compounds were identified in the leaf and twig oils, respectively, of L. mushaensis. The main components of the leaf oil were β-eudesmol (24.2%), τ-cadinol (10.2%), α-humulene (10.1%), α-pinene (9.7%), and trans-β-ocimene (6.5%), whereas the main components of the twig oil were trans-β-ocimene (19.5%), α-pinene (12.8%) and cis-β-ocimene (7.7%). With L. linii, 72 and 78 compounds were respectively identified in the leaf and twig oils. The main components of the leaf oil were β-selinene (15.7%), α-selinene (15.5%), β-caryophyllene (12.2%), α-humulene (7.2%), and δ-cadinene (5.6%), and of the twig oil trans-β-ocimene (20.8%), β-selinene (11.4%), α-cadinol (6.0%), δ-cadinene (5.8%), τ-cadinol (5.4%) and β-eudesmol (5.2%). L. mushaensis leaf oil was shown to have excellent antimicrobial and anti-wood-decay fungal activity, superior to the other oils.

Reproducibility and uncertainty of wastewater turbidity measurements

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1667-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Joannis ◽  
G. Ruban ◽  
M.-C. Gromaire ◽  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski ◽  
G. Chebbo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Standard Solutions

Turbidity monitoring is a valuable tool for operating sewer systems, but it is often considered as a somewhat tricky parameter for assessing water quality, because measured values depend on the model of sensor, and even on the operator. This paper details the main components of the uncertainty in turbidity measurements with a special focus on reproducibility, and provides guidelines for improving the reproducibility of measurements in wastewater relying on proper calibration procedures. Calibration appears to be the main source of uncertainties, and proper procedures must account for uncertainties in standard solutions as well as non linearity of the calibration curve. With such procedures, uncertainty and reproducibility of field measurement can be kept lower than 5% or 25 FAU. On the other hand, reproducibility has no meaning if different measuring principles (attenuation vs. nephelometry) or very different wavelengths are used.

scholarly journals Application of Cornelian Cherry Iridoid-Polyphenolic Fraction and Loganic Acid to Reduce Intraocular Pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Szumny ◽  
Tomasz Sozański ◽  
Alicja Z. Kucharska ◽  
Wojciech Dziewiszek ◽  
Narcyz Piórecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Main Components ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

One of the most common diseases of old age in modern societies is glaucoma. It is strongly connected with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and could permanently damage vision in the affected eye. As there are only a limited number of chemical compounds that can decrease IOP as well as blood flow in eye vessels, the up-to-date investigation of new molecules is important. The chemical composition of the dried Cornelian cherry (Cornus masL.) polar,iridoid-polyphenol-rich fraction was investigated. Loganic acid (50%) and pelargonidin-3-galactoside (7%) were found as the main components. Among the other constituents, iridoid compound cornuside and the anthocyans cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-robinobioside, and pelargonidin 3-O-robinobioside were quantified in the fraction. In an animal model (New Zealand rabbits), the influence of loganic acid and the polyphenolic fraction isolated from Cornelian cherry fruit was investigated. We found a strong IOP-hypotensive effect for a 0.7% solution of loganic acid, which could be compared with the widely ophthalmologically used timolol. About a 25% decrease in IOP was observed within the first 3 hours of use.

scholarly journals Irradiation Spectrum and Ionization-Induced Diffusion Effects in Ceramics

1996 ◽  
Vol 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Zinkle
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Defect Production ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffusion Effects ◽  
Light Ions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Atom Energy

AbstractThere are two main components to the irradiation spectrum which need to be considered inradiation effects studies on nonmetals, namely the primary knock-on atom energy spectrum and ionizing radiation. The published low-temperature studies on A12O3 and MgO suggest that the defect production is nearly independent of the average primary knock-on atom energy, in sharp contrast to the situation for metals. On the other hand, ionizing radiation has been shown to exert a pronounced influence on the microstructural evolution of both semiconductors and insulators under certain conditions. Recent work on the microstructure of ion-irradiated ceramics is summarized, which provides evidence for significant ionization-induced diffusion. Polycrystalline samples of MgO, A12O3, and MgAl2O4 were irradiated with various ions ranging from 1 MeV H+ to 4 MeV Zr+ ions at temperatures between 25 and 650°C. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the depth-dependent microstructure of the irradiated specimens. Dislocation loop nucleation was effectively suppressed in specimens irradiated with light ions, whereas the growth rate of dislocation loops was enhanced. The sensitivity to irradiation spectrum is attributed to ionization-induced diffusion. The interstitial migration energies in MgAl2O4 and A12O3 are estimated to be ≤0.4 eV and ≤0.8 eV, respectively for irradiation conditions where ionization-induced diffusion effects are expected to be negligible.

scholarly journals Art. VII.—The Early Years of Shāh Isma'īl, Founder of the Ṣafavī Dynasty

1896 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Denison Ross
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Ganges

The most exhaustive, if not the best known, source for the history of Shāh Isma'īl the Ṣafavī, is undoubtedly the Ḥabib-us-Siyar of Khwāndamīr. Though this large and important work has been lithographed, both in Ṭihrān and in Bombay, it is but too little known in Europe, where it has generally been regarded as a mere epitome of the Rauzat-uṣ-Ṣafā; whereas, besides being an original source for much valuable biographical and geographical matter, it contains detailed accounts of many little-known dynasties. Khwāndamīr's work is thus in many respects more interesting than the ponderous universal history of his grandfather. Now, there is a work, of which the British Museum possesses one copy, and the Cambridge University Library a second, which is devoted entirely to the biography of Shāh Isma'īl. Neither MS. bears a title nor gives any author's name, and in no part of the work have I been able to find a clue to the author's identity. MS. L bears the title , which is taken from the Epilogue, and in the very last line after we read which, according to Dr. Rieu, is most probably meant for the transcriber and not the author. The work ends with a short account of the accession of Isma'īl's son Ṭahmāsp, and with prayers for the prosperity and long life of the young prince. This would lead one to fix the completion of the history soon after the accession of Ṭahmāsp Mīrzā in a.h. 930. On the other hand, on fol. 277a of MS. L, we are told, in a momentary digression from the main narrative, that Moḥammad Zamān Mīrzā was drowned in the Ganges in the year 947, on the occasion of Humāyūn's retreat from Bengal.

scholarly journals Inflation Targeting Approach: An Evaluation of the Application Process in Turkey

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Öztürk ◽  
Ali Sözdemir ◽  
Özlem Ülger
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Point Target ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

As a result of many countries don’t provide the achievement as regards the satisfaction of the price stability between 1970 and 1990, the other targets and the stability programs aimed at these targets were put away and price stability as a point target was put forward in this process. In this context, inflation targeting approach has been formed as providing price stability and the fight against the inflation after 1990s. The first application of inflation targeting approach by the New Zealand in 1990 affected The Central Bank of Republic of Turkey (CBRT), because of positive impacts on many countries such as developing and developed countries. The results of Inflation targeting approach that has been applied by many countries following New Zealand's experience are positive. Thus, CBRT explained to take place inflation targeting of the point target in monetary policy at the beginning of 2002. Because Turkey don’t provide with the application set of the preconditions for this approach, CBRT decided to remove the elements that is restricting monetary policy and carried into practice "the implicit inflation targeting" until meeting this conditions. In the process of implicit inflation targeting approach, after the conditions related technical infrastructure was improved a new opinion, The CBRT announced to practice "the explicit inflation targeting" approach by the beginning of 2006.

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