scholarly journals A Critical Evaluation of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Müller ◽  
Leon Patrick Wendt ◽  
Carsten Spitzer ◽  
Oliver Masuhr ◽  
Sarah N. Back ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Reflective Functioning ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Psychological Impairment ◽  
Latent Dimension ◽  
Report Measure

The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8) is a short self-report measure of reflective functioning (i.e., the ability to understand mental states of the self and others) that is presumed to capture individual differences in hypo- and hypermentalizing. Despite its broad acceptance by the field and its regular use in primary investigations of the construct, we argue that the validity of the measure is still not well established. The current research elaborates on why the proposed scoring procedure may be methodologically problematic, the item content might not sufficiently cover the full breadth of the mentalizing construct, and it is unclear whether the measure captures mentalizing processes in particular or rather general psychological impairment. In a clinical sample (N = 861) and a sample of young adults (N = 566), we explore these critical considerations and demonstrate that the RFQ-8 may assess a single latent dimension related to hypomentalizing, but provides little unique variance above and beyond broad dimensions of personality pathology and is unlikely to capture maladaptive forms of hypermentalizing. The findings cast doubt on the validity of the RFQ-8 as a measure of reflective functioning. Future research should increase validation efforts concerning the RFQ-8 or develop new measures of reflective functioning.

A-196 The Texas Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (TPSI): An Exploratory Factor Analysis and Reliability Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1251
Author(s):  
Anthony J Longoria ◽  
Ben K Mokhtari ◽  
Tawny Meredith-Duliba ◽  
Mary A Hershberger ◽  
Patricia Champagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract Objective Self-report scales are commonly used to evaluate non-specific symptoms following concussion. While several scales have been developed, few were created using a systematic process and most contain several ambiguous items that may be misinterpreted. To address this, a new theoretically-based, multidimensional measure was designed to assess Cognitive, Neuropsychiatric, and Somatic symptoms associated with concussion. This study used sophisticated psychometric techniques to develop the Texas Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (TPSI) and establish initial reliability and validity. Method Because concussion symptoms are non-specific, a pool of 76 potential items was developed and administered to a diverse clinical sample (N = 350) that included patients with concussion, epilepsy, and dementia. Polychoric correlations were utilized to remove items based on poor fit/multicollinearity and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with an Oblimin rotation was used to determine factor structure. Results A three-factor model best fit the data, and represented Cognitive, Neuropsychiatric, and Somatic domains as designed. Ten items were discarded, resulting in a total of 66 items. The model explained 48.5% of the total variance and contained adequate sampling (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure =0.92) and sufficient item correlations (Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, p < 0.05) for EFA. All three factor structures displayed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.88). Conclusions The TPSI is a brief, multidimensional measure with evidence of strong internal consistency and reliability as well as distinct Cognitive, Neuropsychiatric, and Somatic symptoms associated with concussion. Future research will investigate its convergent and divergent validity in concussion as compared to existing popular symptom measures.

Faces scales in paediatric pain assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is a systematic review assessing the commonly used faces pain scales employed to aid children in the self-report of their pain intensity. The review provides a critical evaluation of the Faces Pain Scale, the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), the Oucher pain scale, and the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS). The reviewers found that the psychometric properties of the FPS-R supported its superiority for use in research. Although they found that children, and many staff, expressed a preference for the WBFPRS, the reviewers had major concerns about this scale confounding pain intensity with affect. They also noted the paucity of research in younger children, and concluded that future research should not focus on developing more pain scales for paediatric use but on examining the appropriate application of existing scales in a wider range of clinical settings.

Uncontrolled, Repetitive Eating of Small Amounts of Food or ‘Grazing’: Development and Evaluation of a New Measure of Atypical Eating

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Lane ◽  
Marianna Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Study Questionnaire ◽  
Report Measure

Grazing, or the uncontrolled, repetitive eating of small amounts of food is being increasingly recognised as an important eating behaviour associated with obesity. In spite of the need for a better understanding of this eating behaviour for improved obesity treatment, currently there is no empirically validated self-report measure to assess grazing. Therefore, to contribute to a better understanding of this relatively understudied eating pattern, a new self-report questionnaire of grazing was developed in this study. Questionnaire items were designed to reflect previous empirical descriptions of grazing. A group of 248 university students completed the Grazing Questionnaire, other measures of eating-related behaviours and cognitions, and negative emotion. Sixty-two participants completed the Grazing Questionnaire a second time to calculate its temporal stability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a clear two-factor solution for the questionnaire, reflecting repetitive eating behaviour and a perception of loss of control. Scores on the Grazing Questionnaire were positively associated with other measures of disordered eating, especially with binge eating. Initial psychometric properties of the new questionnaire are promising. Future research is now needed to examine the prevalence of this eating behaviour in more diverse populations, including those with binge eating disorder and obesity.

scholarly journals Reflective Function and Borderline Traits in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement B) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Carla Sharp ◽  
Francesca Penner ◽  
Karin Ensink
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reflective Functioning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Reflective Function ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Report Measure

Despite the developmental roots of the relation between attachment-based reflective function (RF) and borderline pathology, there is a lack of empirical studies examining this link in youth. We examined this link taking into account potential relations between RF and internalizing and externalizing pathology. A total of 421 clinical adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 completed the Child Attachment Interview (CAI; Shmueli-Goetz, Target, Fonagy, & Datta, 2008), which was coded using the Child and Adolescent Reflective Functioning Scale (CARFS; Ensink, Target, & Oandasan, 2013), alongside a self-report measure of borderline pathology and parent-reported measures of internalizing and externalizing pathology. Exploratory analyses revealed no direct relation between RF and borderline features or internalizing psychopathology but a negative relation with externalizing pathology. Moderation analyses showed that externalizing pathology moderated the relation between RF and borderline pathology. Implications for understanding the various ways in which impaired RF may present in adolescents with BPD are discussed.

Psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Problems (IIP-C) used with a clinical sample of adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Israel ◽  
Johannes Henrik Langeveld
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Future Research

Background: Interpersonal problems are consistently identified with psychopathology that often has its onset in adolescence. Most of the commonly used instruments in child and adolescent psychiatry target non-interpersonal problems. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) is a widely studied and utilized instrument in the adult mental health field. Aims: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the IIP (circumplex version) used with a clinical adolescent population. Method: Sixty-two adolescents (13-17 years) who received treatment in a child and adolescent mental health clinic (CAMHS) were included in the study. To establish reliability and validity, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, and validity analyses. Results: Confirmatory analyses did not show optimal model fit. However, other indices like CFI and TLI were promising. The reliability of the eight scales was in the same range as previous studies and acceptable. There were expected significant correlations between IIP-C scales and the broadband scales of Youth Self-report (YSR). Conclusion: The pioneer nature and its clinical focus are strengths however, there is for more research. The promising results are encouraging, and future research could also explore how best to bring the instrument into the digital age.

Motivations for Self-Defensive Aggression in Dating Relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Shorey ◽  
Christine Meltzer ◽  
Tara L. Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Report Measure

Previous research has suggested that the occurrence of dating violence is influenced by various motivations, including self-defense. While some data have suggested that females are more likely to use physical aggression in self-defense, assessment measures of self-defense have been limited in several notable ways, hindering efforts at fully understanding the myriad of reasons contributing to self-defensive aggression. The current study sought to examine motivations for physical aggression among male and female college students using a contextual self-report measure of self-defensive aggression designed specifically for the current study. Results showed that numerous motivations for physical aggression were endorsed by both males and females and, contrary to expectations, females were not more likely to use aggression in self-defense. Implications of these findings for future research and dating violence prevention programming are discussed.

Psychometric evaluation of the Greek version of Mc Master Family Assessment Device (FAD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s236-s236 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Adamis ◽  
I. Petmeza ◽  
G. McCarthy ◽  
A. Tsamparli
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Family Assessment ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Greek Version ◽  
Family Assessment Device ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe Family Assessment Device (FAD) is a self-report questionnaire, developed to assess the six dimensions of the McMaster Model of family functioning. It has been translated to the Greek language but never validated.Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Greek version of FAD in a non-clinical sample.MethodsIn a sample of Greek families, FAD was administered together with the already validated Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-III). In a subsample of 96 participants, the scales were administered again after 1 month.ResultsA sample of 453 participants (194 children and 259 parents) had completed both questionnaires (151 families). Mean age of children was 23.62 (SD: 6.35), 68 (35%) were males. Mean age of parents was 51.4 (SD: 8.2), 117 (45.2%) males. All subscales of FAD had significant correlation (concurrent validity) with FACES-III (n = 453, P < 0.001). Test-retest reliability range from 0.58 to 0.82 (n = 96, P < 0.001). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) range from 0.47 to 0.94. A model with the 6 factors had a good statistical fit but not all the items were loading in the same components as from the theory assumed.ConclusionsThe Greek FAD has good psychometric properties, although its factor structure might differ from the original version. Further evaluation of the Greek version of FAD in other settings and in different samples especially clinical remains a task for future research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Psychometric concerns with the 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) as a measure of trait autism in the general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Taylor ◽  
Lucy A. Livingston ◽  
Rachel A. Clutterbuck ◽  
Punit Shah
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Diagnostic Screening

AbstractThe 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) is a self-report questionnaire used in clinical and research settings as a diagnostic screening tool for autism in adults. The AQ10 is also increasingly being used to quantify trait autism along a unitary dimension and correlated against performance on other psychological/medical tasks. However, its psychometric properties have yet to be examined when used in this way. By analysing AQ10 data from a large non-clinical sample of adults (n = 6,595), we found that the AQ10 does not have a unifactorial factor structure, and instead appears to have several factors. The AQ10 also had poor internal reliability. Taken together, whilst the AQ10 has important clinical utility in screening for diagnosable autism, it may not be a psychometrically robust measure when administered in non-clinical samples from the general population. Therefore, we caution against its use as a measure of trait autism in future research.

Development of a Measure of Egodystonicity

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Purdon ◽  
Emily Cripps ◽  
Matthew Faull ◽  
Stephen Joseph ◽  
Karen Rowa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Report Measure

The term egodystonicity is a distinguishing feature of obsessional thoughts (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) but has not been consistently nor comprehensively defined. These two studies present the development and initial validation of the Ego-Dystonicity Questionnaire (EDQ). A definition of the term egodystonicity was developed, drawing from existing definitions and theoretical models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). An item pool was developed and refined through initial testing, the product of which was a 37-item self-report measure. Respondents identify a specific type of thought (e.g., their most upsetting obsession, most upsetting worry) and then answer each item with respect to that thought. In study 1, two nonclinical samples (N = 278) and one sample of individuals with OCD (N = 17) were administered the EDQ along with self-report measures of mood, personality, OCD symptoms, and appraisal of obsessional thoughts. A principal components analysis of the nonclinical sample yielded four factors. Scales based on these factors had acceptable internal reliability. The EDQ distinguished between obsessional thoughts and common worries, and individuals in the clinical sample had higher scores than the nonclinical sample. The EDQ showed low to moderate correlations with OCD symptoms, mood, and appraisal of obsessions but was not associated with personality traits such as neuroticism. In study 2, individuals with OCD (N = 28) completed the EDQ in reference to their most or least upsetting obsession. As predicted, egodystonicity varied according to obsession type. These data indicate that the EDQ is a valid measure with potential for use in understanding and treating obsessional problems.

How Does Spiritual Intelligence Relate to Mental Health in a Western Sample?

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Giannone ◽  
Daniel Kaplin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cast Doubt

This study investigates a recently developed model of spiritual intelligence in relation to the common mental health concerns of depression, anxiety, and substance use. Three-hundred and fifty-three undergraduate psychology students responded to the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–Revised, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Drug, Alcohol, and Nicotine scale. We hypothesized spiritual intelligence would be negatively associated with the study’s mental health outcomes. A secondary aim was to examine the contributions of spiritual intelligence model components to mental health. Overall spiritual intelligence was not associated with anxiety, depression, or substance use. Examination of the relationships between spiritual intelligence components and mental health suggested this model lacks cohesiveness in relation to mental health. While the capacity to critically examine existential issues was associated with increased depression and anxiety, the ability to draw meaning and purpose from experience was associated with improvements in all mental health outcomes. These findings cast doubt on the construct of spiritual intelligence and suggest that existential thinking and the production of meaning may be closely related to mental health. Future research should explore differences in spiritual intelligence components and their associations with mental health among varying religious affiliations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document