scholarly journals Contributions of fixed mindsets and hopelessness to anxiety and depressive symptoms: A commonality analysis approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C Mullarkey ◽  
Jessica L. Schleider
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Maladaptive Cognitions ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
Commonality Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Internalizing Distress

Background. Fixed mindsets (beliefs that personal traits are unchangeable) show consistent associations with internalizing symptoms. However, the mindset-internalizing symptom link has previously been studied in isolation of other maladaptive cognitions that relate to internalizing symptoms. Thus, the unique contributions of mindsets to internalizing symptoms remains unclear. Method. We used commonality analysis (CA), which yields unique and shared effects of independent variables on an outcome, to assess unique contributions of emotion and anxiety mindsets to anxiety and depression symptoms, relative to the contributions of hopelessness. Participants in two online studies (Ns=200, 430) self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms, hopelessness, and emotion and anxiety mindsets.Results. In Study 1, neither mindset type contributed unique variance to depression or anxiety beyond the contribution of hopelessness. In Study 2, emotion mindsets again explained no unique symptom variance. Anxiety mindsets uniquely contributed 2.0% and 6.5% of depression and anxiety variance, respectively— but far larger proportions of symptom variance (20.0%-60.9%) were contributed by hopelessness alone, variance shared by hopelessness and anxiety mindsets, and variance shared among hopelessness, anxiety mindsets, and emotion mindsets. Limitations. The cross-sectional design precludes causal conclusions, and the non-referred adult samples may limit generalizability. Discussion. Mindsets contributed little unique variance to internalizing symptoms beyond hopelessness. Interventions teaching growth mindsets have been shown to reduce internalizing problem in past studies. However, these interventions may operate might not necessarily operate by shaping mindsets; rather, they may affect symptom change by shaping closely-linked maladaptive cognitions—like hopelessness—with stronger ties to internalizing distress.

scholarly journals Screening of Anxiety and Depression Related CD4 Count of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Anti-Retroviral in Medan, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2590-2594
Author(s):  
Dona Farila Agus ◽  
Elmeida Effendy ◽  
Vita Camellia
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Strength ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: HIV, which causes AIDS, infects the immune system cells, by destroying or damaging the function of the CD4. PLWHA will have twice the risk of experiencing mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety compared with the general population, thereby suppressing immune function, decreasing their quality of life, decreasing the level of adherence to treatment, and contributing significantly to the occurrence of premature death. AIM: To determine the correlation Anxiety and Depression symptoms and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are undergoing Anti-Retroviral treatment at the HIV/AIDS METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study, which assesses the correlation between Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores (HADS) and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are receiving ARV in the HIV/AIDS Special Services Polyclinic Medan Haji general hospital. RESULTS: It was found that the average HADS-A score, PLWHA was 15.286 and the SD ± 2.244. This shows that PLWHA is in moderate to severe anxiety and moderate to severe depression. The mean CD4 level of people with HIV/AIDS/PLWHA was 288.171 and SD ± 88.955. According to WHO criteria, regarding the classification of HIV immunodeficiency in adults, are classified as moderate immunodeficiency. There was a significant correlation between the HADS-A score and CD4 level with a correlation value of r = -0.592 indicating a negative correlation with a moderate correlation strength, and the correlation between HADS-D score and CD4 level. The strength of the relationship between HADS-D score and CD4 level is r = -0.650, shows a negative correlation with strong correlation strength. CONCLUSION: from this study, it was found that there is a relationship between depression and anxiety symptom and CD4 level.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Adults ≥60 Years Old during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11859
Author(s):  
Gianluca Ciuffreda ◽  
Sara Cabanillas-Barea ◽  
Andoni Carrasco-Uribarren ◽  
María Isabel Albarova-Corral ◽  
María Irache Argüello-Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

COVID-19 represents a threat to public health and the mental health of the aged population. Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety have been reported in previous reviews in other populations; however, a systematic review on the factors associated with depression and anxiety in older adults is not currently present in the literature. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest Psychology Database, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases (23 February 2021). The results were obtained by entering a combination of MeSH or Emtree terms with keywords related to COVID-19, elderly, depression and anxiety in the databases. A total of 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Female gender, loneliness, poor sleep quality and poor motor function were identified as factors associated with both depression and anxiety. Aspects related to having a stable and high monthly income represent protective factors for both depression and anxiety, and exercising was described as protective for depression. This study synthesised information and analysed the main factors associated with depression and anxiety in the older population during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the cross-sectional design of most of the included studies does not allow a causal relationship between the factors analysed and depression or anxiety.

scholarly journals Depression and Anxiety among University Students: a Comparison Between COVID-19 Pandemic Panic Period and Post-Panic Period in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowranga Kumar Paul ◽  
Meshbahur Rahman ◽  
Shayla Naznin ◽  
Mashfiqul Haq Chowdhury ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

Abstract Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest public health concern. It harmed everyone, both physically and mentally. Because of panic situations in COVID-19 pandemic, students all over the world, including those in Bangladesh, are suffering from depression and anxiety. Considering this, we aimed to assess psycho-emotional changes of the university students through investigating their level of depression and anxiety effects during panic and post-panic period of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.Methods: Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted among university students in Bangladesh from April to July 2020 (panic period, n=170) and then from August to November 2020 (post-panic period, n=170). The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires were used to assess respondents' depression and anxiety levels, respectively. We used continuous scores to assess the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. We also computed binary depression and anxiety scores. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: The proportion of depression symptoms was 49.4% during the panic period and 52.4% after the panic period. Anxiety symptoms were experienced by 38.2% of students during the panic period, and this percentage was nearly identical in the post-panic interval. Depression levels increased in the post-panic period and urban students have significantly (P< 0.05) higher levels of depression and anxiety than their counterparts. Female students also exhibited significantly more anxious symptoms (p=0.002) than male. Depression symptoms significantly vary by family types, students place of residence whereas students age, gender, education, family head's occupation, time period and family economic condition found no significant association with the depression.Conclusions: Students during the post-panic period have a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms than during the panic period. Although the difference was small, it was still concerning for university students in Bangladesh because it interfered with their academic life.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in OCD: Differential Impact of Obsessions, Compulsions, and Depression Comorbidity

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Masellis ◽  
Neil A Rector ◽  
Margaret A Richter
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Objective: An anxiety disorder severely affects the sufferer's quality of life (QOL), and this may be particularly true of those with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). This study examines the differential impact of obsessions, compulsions, and depression comorbidity on the QOL of individuals with OCD. Method: Forty-three individuals diagnosed with OCD according to DSM-IV criteria and experiencing clinically significant obsessions and compulsions completed measures of QOL, obsessive–compulsive symptom severity, and depression severity. Results: Obsession severity was found to significantly predict patient QOL, whereas the severity of compulsive rituals did not impact on QOL ratings. Comorbid depression severity was the single greatest predictor of poor QOL, accounting for 54% of the variance. Conclusions: Given the importance of these symptoms, treatments that directly target obsessions and secondary depression symptoms in OCD are warranted. However, replication of these findings in a prospective cohort study is required, because although the the current study's cross-sectional design allows for the examination of the associations among obsessions, depression, and QOL, it cannot establish their temporal framework (that is, causal relations).

scholarly journals Associations of depression and anxiety symptoms with sexual behaviour in women and heterosexual men attending sexual health clinics: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Margaret Coyle ◽  
Fiona C Lampe ◽  
Ada Rose Miltz ◽  
Janey Sewell ◽  
Jane Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Condomless Sex

ObjectiveTo assess the association of symptoms of depression and anxiety with sexual risk behaviour and history, among women and heterosexual men attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics.MethodsAttitudes to and Understanding of Risk of Acquisition of HIV (AURAH) was a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire study recruited from 20 GUM clinics in England, 2013–2014. This analysis included women and heterosexual men. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was assessed. Modified Poisson regression was used to produce adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for the association of t demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with depression and anxiety, adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, education level and study region. Among individuals reporting sex in the past 3 months, associations of depression and anxiety with sexual risk behaviour and history were assessed separately by gender, adjusted for age, ethnicity, study region, education and relationship status.ResultsQuestionnaires were completed by 676 women and 470 heterosexual men. Depression symptoms were reported by 100 (14.8%) women and 33 men (7.0%). Anxiety symptoms were reported by 79 women (11.7%) and 21 men (4.5%). Among women reporting recent sex, those with depression symptoms were more likely to report condomless sex with a non-regular partner, aPR 1.38 (1.07–1.77) and recent condomless sex with two or more partners, 1.80 (1.25–2.59). Women with anxiety symptoms more likely to report recent condomless sex with two or more partners, 1.68 (1.13–2.50), low self-efficacy for condom use, 1.54 (1.02–2.31) and STI diagnosis in the last year 1.51 (1.04–2.20). Among heterosexual men reporting recent sex, depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with low self-efficacy with condom use, 2.32 (1.29–4.19) for depression and 2.23 (1.26–3.94) for anxiety, but not with measures of condomless sex.DiscussionThe associations between psychological symptoms and sexual risk behaviours highlight the importance of holistic assessment of need by both general and sexual health clinicians. We highlight the challenge in delivering holistic care associated with fragmentation of sexual health services.

scholarly journals Religious Coping, Religiosity, Depression and Anxiety among Medical Students in a Multi-Religious Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Francis ◽  
Jesjeet Gill ◽  
Ng Yit Han ◽  
Chiara Petrus ◽  
Fatin Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Religious Coping ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Medical students are vulnerable to depression and anxiety due to the nature of their academic life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among medical students and the association between religious coping, religiosity and socio-demographic factors with anxiety and depressive symptoms. A cross sectional design was used for this study. Scales used were the Malay version of the Duke Religious Index (DUREL-M), the Malay version of the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE) and the Malay version Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS-M). 622 students participated in this study. They scored moderately on the organized (mean: 3.51) and non-organized religious (mean: 3.85) subscales of the DUREL, but had high intrinsic religiosity (mean: 12.18). The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 4.7% and 17.4% respectively, which is lower than local as well as international data. Islam, negative religious coping and the presence of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Only the presence of anxiety symptoms was significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Negative religious coping, rather than positive religious coping, has significant association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Redirecting focus towards negative religious coping is imperative to boost mental health outcomes among medical students.

scholarly journals A longitudinal twin and sibling study of the hopelessness theory of depression in adolescence and young adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1935-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Waszczuk ◽  
A. E. Coulson ◽  
A. M. Gregory ◽  
T. C. Eley
Keyword(s):  
Attributional Style ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Content ◽  
Hopelessness Theory ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Hopelessness Theory Of Depression

BackgroundMaladaptive cognitive biases such as negative attributional style and hopelessness have been implicated in the development and maintenance of depression. According to the hopelessness theory of depression, hopelessness mediates the association between attributional style and depression. The aetiological processes underpinning this influential theory remain unknown. The current study investigated genetic and environmental influences on hopelessness and its concurrent and longitudinal associations with attributional style and depression across adolescence and emerging adulthood. Furthermore, given high co-morbidity between depression and anxiety, the study investigated whether these maladaptive cognitions constitute transdiagnostic cognitive content common to both internalizing symptoms.MethodA total of 2619 twins/siblings reported attributional style (mean age 15 and 17 years), hopelessness (mean age 17 years), and depression and anxiety symptoms (mean age 17 and 20 years).ResultsPartial correlations revealed that attributional style and hopelessness were uniquely associated with depression but not anxiety symptoms. Hopelessness partially mediated the relationship between attributional style and depression. Hopelessness was moderately heritable (A = 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.47), with remaining variance accounted for by non-shared environmental influences. Independent pathway models indicated that a set of common genetic influences largely accounted for the association between attributional style, hopelessness and depression symptoms, both concurrently and across development.ConclusionsThe results provide novel evidence that associations between attributional style, hopelessness and depression symptoms are largely due to shared genetic liability, suggesting developmentally stable biological pathways underpinning the hopelessness theory of depression. Both attributional style and hopelessness constituted unique cognitive content in depression. The results inform molecular genetics research and cognitive treatment approaches.

scholarly journals Impact on Mental Health of students due to restriction caused by COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Prashad Chaudhary ◽  
Narayan Sah Sonar ◽  
Jamuna TR ◽  
Moumita Banerjee ◽  
Shailesh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Psychometric Scales ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Behavioral Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate fear, depression and anxiety symptoms among students of India due to COVID-19 pandemic and its restriction.MethodThe cross-sectional web-based research was conducted between mid-November and mid-December 2020 with the objective of understanding the psychological and behavioral consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic effect on students due to the constraint of forced control. The questionnaire included a) socio-demographic questions and b) psychometric scales evaluating the psychological and behavioral impact caused by COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions.ResultsTotal number of 324 students participated in this study in which 44.4% were male and 55.6% were female. Fear of COVID-19 scale showed 68.8% of students had high fear, 24.4% had moderate to severe depression and 51.5% had moderate to severe anxiety. The correlation of fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19s) with Generalized Anxiety scale (GAD-7) and brief patient health questionnaire scale (PHQ-9) was found to be 0.492 and 0.474 respectively.ConclusionThis research concludes that there is a very strong fear of COVID-19 among students, along with anxiety and depression symptoms. This study also concludes that the fear of the COVID-19 scale has strong positive correlation with the anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) scales.

scholarly journals Heightened Depression Impairs Executive Functioning: Evidence from Within-Person Latent Change and Cross-Lagged Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional

The impaired disengagement hypothesis (Koster, De Lissnyder, Derakshan, &amp; De Raedt, 2011) posits that executive dysfunction can predict future heightened depression and anxiety due to chronic poor attentional control and repetitive negative thinking across prolonged durations. Simultaneously, scar theories (Ottaviani et al., 2016) assert that increased psychopathology may forecast subsequent executive functioning (EF) deficits because of wear-and-tear of psychophysiological systems over protracted timescales. However, most work on EF-psychopathology relations have been cross-sectional, which precludes causal inferences. Thus, this study aimed to test the within-person relations between EF, depression and anxiety. Older adult participants (n = 856) averaged 81.59 years of age (SD = 7.10, range = 70–110, 58.53% females, 76.87% Whites). Assessments were conducted across four waves, each spaced approximately 2 years apart over a span of 8 years. EF was assessed using six behavioral measures (animal fluency, controlled oral word association test, backward counting, serial 7s subtraction, backward digit span, symbol digit modalities test). Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Bivariate dual latent change score (BCS) and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) were conducted to minimize measurement error as well as adjust for autoregressive effects, regression to the mean, and between-person variances. Within persons, RI-CLPMs revealed that prior greater depression symptoms forecasted lower subsequent EF, but not vice versa (d = -0.29 vs. -0.03). BCS models showed that within-person rise in depression symptoms at a time-lag predicted EF decrements at the next time-lag, but not the opposite (d = -0.20 vs. 0.14). Further, significant, small-to-moderate, negative between-person relations between EF and depression or anxiety severity were observed (d = -0.42 to -0.26). Neither within-person cross-lagged relations (d = -0.09–-0.06) nor change-to-future change associations (d = -0.04–0.04) were found between anxiety and EF. Prospective, within-person findings offer some evidence for developmental scar theories as opposed to vulnerability models. We discussed theoretical and clinical implications, such as potentially reducing the risk of future executive dysfunction-related neuropsychiatric disorders by targeting depression symptoms.

scholarly journals Self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety among informal caregivers of persons with dementia: a cross-sectional comparative study between Sweden and Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseba Wulff ◽  
Agneta Malmgren Fänge ◽  
Connie Lethin ◽  
Carlos Chiatti
Keyword(s):  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
People With Dementia

Abstract Background Around 50 million people worldwide are diagnosed with dementia and this number is due to triple by 2050. The majority of persons with dementia receive care and support from their family, friends or neighbours, who are generally known as informal caregivers. These might experience symptoms of depression and anxiety as a consequence of caregiving activities. Due to the different welfare system across European countries, this study aimed to investigate factors associated with self-reported depression and anxiety among informal dementia caregivers both in Sweden and Italy, to ultimately improve their health and well-being. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Italian UP-TECH (n = 317) and the Swedish TECH@HOME (n = 89) studies. Main outcome variables were the severity of self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HADS scores were investigated using descriptive and bivariate statistics to compare means and standard deviations. Linear regressions were used to test for associations between potential factors and self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results Italian informal caregivers reported more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than Swedish caregivers. In Italy, a higher number of hours of caregiving was associated with anxiety symptoms (β = − 1.205; p = 0.029), being 40–54 years-old with depression symptoms (β = − 1.739; p = 0.003), and being female with symptoms of both depression (β = − 1.793; p < 0.001) and anxiety (β = 1.474; p = 0.005). In Sweden, a higher number of hours of caregiving and being < 39 years-old were associated with depression symptoms (β = 0.286; p < 0.000; β = 3.945; p = 0.014) and a higher number of hours of caregiving, the lack of additional informal caregivers and dementia severity were associated with anxiety symptoms (β = 0.164; p = 0.010; β = − 1.133; p = 0.033; β = − 1.181; p = 0.031). Conclusion Multiple factors are associated with self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety among informal caregivers in Sweden and Italy. Factors found in this study partly differ between the two countries, suggesting the important role of cultural and social factors affecting the experience of caregiving. A deeper knowledge of these factors may increase the knowledge on potential protective and risk factors, provide information to policymakers and ultimately improve the psychological well-being of informal caregivers to people with dementia across Europe.

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