scholarly journals “Lay Beliefs About Phobias” 25 Years Later: A 2020 Conceptual Replication of Furnham (1995), on the Development of Phobias

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Bolton ◽  
Angela Lazzaro ◽  
Ellen Ratliff ◽  
Lara K. Ault ◽  
Keith Burton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
General Public ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Behavioral Learning ◽  
Lay Beliefs ◽  
People Today

Fears are relatively quick, adaptive responses to environmental stimuli and inner, cognitive events and sensations which allow for one’s survival. Some take a more severe form and morph into phobias–extreme fear resulting in functional impairments. While some researchers are concerned with clinical definitions and theories of phobia, others are interested in what the general public believes. Adrian Furnham, in a 1995 study, Lay Beliefs About Phobias, was one. Now, based on data collected 25 years later (2020), we report a conceptual replication of this work. Results suggest that people today most concisely believe the development of phobias is predicated on one’s personality; traumatic events; psychoanalytic and behavioral-learning associations; genetic and biochemical influences; cognitive style, such as tendencies to catastrophize; and cultural and social factors.

scholarly journals PSYCHO-SOCIAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SUPERSTITIOUS BEHAVIOR: LITERATURE REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Manasvi Shrivastav ◽  
Anuradha Kotnala
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Superstitious Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
People Today

Most superstition from the past have been proven by science as unnecessary, ineffective or just plain silly but are still practiced by normal intelligent people today. Around the world, there are many reappearing themes for superstition. Every country has its own localized take on each theme. In this article researcher reviews on previous researches. There is much different kind of researches in the field of superstition and there are different theories related to the origin of superstition. Superstition is influenced by different social and psychological factors. In this article those researches have been discussed which through light on social and psychological factors of superstition. Psychological factors like fear, locus of control, confidence level etc. and social factors such as locale, socio-economic status etc.

Civility

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
David C. Schak
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
General Public ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Ritual Behavior ◽  
The Church

The notion of civility originated in Europe as feudalism gave way to the Enlightenment as a way to civilize the behavior of the lesser lords and knights at court, later spreading to the rising bourgeoisie and to other commoners. It was also encouraged by the Church. It has been taken up by political philosophers who see it as implying that all in society are one’s consociates and as being crucial for democracy and citizenship. A public sphere is necessary for its existence, which can be facilitated or hindered by social factors. There was no Chinese tradition of civility embodied in Confucianism, the ceremonial ritual behavior demanded being deferential, between those of unequal statuses, not based on the equality of all as fellow human beings. A community compact institution began in the Ming to teach Confucian behavior to the masses but it was a failure. The notion of public weal or behavior consistent with civility was almost completely absent in dynastic China on the part of either the government or the general public.

scholarly journals Alcohol use in South Sudan in relation to social factors, mental distress and traumatic events

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Lien ◽  
Edvard Hauff ◽  
Priscilla Martinez ◽  
Arne H. Eide ◽  
Leslie Swarts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
South Sudan

scholarly journals Non-Centricity and Apathy: An Introduction to Hong Kong Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-378
Author(s):  
Kai Yung Karen Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
General Public ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Chinese Education ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Government

Hong Kong literature, with particular historical and social factors, can be regarded as a non-centric literary form. While the majority of Hong Kong people speaks Cantonese as their mother tongue, they are required to write in Mandarin. Additionally, Hong Kong literature struggles to attract attention from an apathetic audience, to produce local writers, and to resonate with foreign readers. As serious literature continues to lose its purchase, more and more writers attempt to break out from this predicament and inject new blood into this fading industry. Efforts include circumventing traditional constraints and incorporating more colloquial Cantonese into various publications, as well as a mushrooming of internet novels. Unfortunately, Chinese education remains rigid and inflexible, hindering students’ ability to use writing as a creative outlet. Literature is also heavily commodified. In light of this, I suggest that reading be encouraged and literature be de-commodified. Hong Kong literature, with its distinctive features and strengths, have the potential to thrive. All it needs is sufficient support from the government, the private sector and the general public.

scholarly journals Social Contexts of New Media Literacy: Mapping Libraries

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Thorne Wallington
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Literacy Experiences ◽  
New Media Literacy ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
People Today

<p>The development and diffusion of new media and digital technologies has profoundly affected the literacy experiences of today’s youth.  Young people today develop literacy through a variety of new media and digital technologies (Ito et al, 2009).  The dissemination of these resources has also allowed for youth to have literacy-rich experiences in an array of different settings.  This paper will explore how mapping and geographic information systems (GIS) can help illuminate the cultural and social factors related to how, and where, students access and use new media literacies and digital technology.  Libraries play an important role in encouraging new media literacy development; yet access to libraries must be understood through social and cultural contexts.</p>

scholarly journals Beyond resistance: social factors in the general public response to pandemic influenza

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D M Davis ◽  
Niamh Stephenson ◽  
Davina Lohm ◽  
Emily Waller ◽  
Paul Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Response

Traumatic Events and Mental Health

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Stephen O'Brien ◽  
J. P. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Traumatic Events

Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

Psychological Adjustment of Melanoma Survivors

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hamama-Raz ◽  
Z. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Ample Evidence

The study examines the contributions of hardiness, attachment style, and cognitive appraisal to the psychological adjustment of 300 survivors of malignant melanoma: The findings show that the survivors' adjustment is by far better predicted by their personal resources and cognitive appraisal than by their sociodemographic features (with the exception of marital status) and features of their illness. Of all the variables, their adjustment was best predicted by their attachment style, with secure attachment making for greater well-being and less distress. These findings add to the ample evidence that personal resources help persons to cope with stressful or traumatic events.

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