scholarly journals Revision, Reclassification, and Refrigerators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall A. Taylor ◽  
Dustin S. Stoltz ◽  
Terence E. McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Normative Feedback ◽  
Change Question ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

Current debates about cultural change question how and how often change in personal culture happens. Is personal culture stable, or under constant revision through interaction with the environment? While recent empirical work finds attitudes are remarkably stable, this paper argues that typifications—how material tokens are classified as a particular mental type by individuals—are more open to transformation as a result of the fundamentally fuzzy nature of classifying. Specifically, this paper investigates the social conditions that lead people to reclassify. How do we move people to see the same thing differently over time? Paying attention to type-token dynamics provides mechanisms for why and under what circumstances personal culture may change. To assess reclassification, the paper analyzes an online survey experiment that asked people to classify refrigerators as owned by “Trump” or “Biden” voters. Those participants who received definitive feedback about the correct answer were more likely to reclassify than are those receiving normative feedback about how “most people” classified the images. Implications for cultural change and persuasion are discussed.

scholarly journals Effective but fragile? Responses to repeated nudge-based messages for preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusaku Sasaki ◽  
Hirofumi Kurokawa ◽  
Fumio Ohtake
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Compliance Level ◽  
Change Effect ◽  
Loss Frame ◽  
Over Time

AbstractNudge-based messages have been employed in various countries to encourage voluntary contact-avoidance and infection-prevention behaviors to control the spread of COVID-19. People have been repeatedly exposed to such messages; however, whether the messages keep exerting a significant impact over time remains unclear. From April to August 2020, we conducted a four-wave online survey experiment to examine how five types of nudge-based messages influence Japanese people’s self-reported preventive behaviors. In particular, we investigate how their behaviors are affected by repeated displays over time. The analysis with 4241 participants finds that only a gain-framed altruistic message, emphasizing their behavioral adherence would protect the lives of people close to them, reduces their frequency of going out and contacting others. We do not find similar behavioral changes in messages that contain an altruistic element but emphasize it in a loss-frame or describe their behavioral adherence as protecting both one’s own and others’ lives. Furthermore, the behavioral change effect of the gain-framed altruistic message disappears in the third and fourth waves, although its impact of reinforcing intentions remains. This message has even an adverse effect of worsening the compliance level of infection-prevention behaviors for the subgroup who went out less frequently before the experiment. The study’s results imply that when using nudge-based messages as a countermeasure for COVID-19, policymakers and practitioners need to carefully scrutinize the message elements and wording and examine to whom and how the messages should be delivered while considering their potential adverse and side effects.

The Women Who Wrote

Sweet Mystery ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press

This chapter introduces some of the female playwrights of the early twentieth century and examines some of the social conditions under which they worked. It argues that many of them represented a major cultural change for women of the period who were leaving the Victorian era behind and forging new paths in the young century. But the press frequently undermined their efforts by presenting them as wives instead of individuals, scrutinizing their physical attractiveness, and implying that playwriting was a hobby on the same level as gardening or homemaking. The chapter then shifts to the challenges of writing for the musical theater and collaborating with other writers. It concludes with examples of Young’s correspondence with the Shuberts and demonstrates her ability to navigate the business side of the theater.

scholarly journals Reconsidering Relational Autonomy. Personal Autonomy for Socially Embedded and Temporally Extended Selves

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Relational Autonomy ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMost recent accounts of personal autonomy acknowledge that the social environment a person lives in, and the personal relationships she entertains, have some impact on her autonomy. Two kinds of conceptualizing social conditions are traditionally distinguished in this regard: Causally relational accounts hold that certain relationships and social environments play a causal role for the development and on-going exercise of autonomy. Constitutively relational accounts, by contrast, claim that autonomy is at least partly constituted by a person’s social environment or standing. The central aim of this paper is to raise the question how causally and constitutively relational approaches relate to the fact that we exercise our autonomy over time. I argue that once the temporal scope of autonomy is opened up, we need not only to think differently about the social dimension of autonomy. We also need to reconsider the very distinction between causally and constitutively relational accounts, because it is itself a synchronic (and not a diachronic) distinction.

Habits of the Heart

2011 ◽  
Vol 637 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica R. Miller ◽  
Ezekiel J. Dixon-Roman
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Moral Force ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Future Work

The landscape of youth religious participation is an underengaged area across both the humanities and social science. While the humanities lack empirical data on the changing religious life worlds of youths, existing empirical work in the social sciences suggests that institutional religion buffers criminality and delinquency—a brand of engagement the authors refer to as “buffering transgression.” This is a process that both conceives and privileges religion as an institutional and a moral force responsible for creating prosocial behavior. While empirical studies on youths and religion keep religion arrested to institutional and moral functions, scholars in the humanities work hard to legitimate youth cultural forms, such as hip hop, by conflating its rugged dimensions with a quest (and hope) for democratic sensibilities—a motif the authors suggest is rooted in ideologies of teleological progress. Using the tropes progress, peril, and change, this article explores the utility (and limitations) of empirical work and the often misguided efforts to moralize religion. Here the authors raise queries regarding youth cultural change and religion and quantitatively model youth religious change over 16 years. The implications of these theoretical and empirical interventions point toward future work at the social scientific intersections of religion in culture.

Collective Mobilization and Social Protest

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn van Zomeren
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Second Development ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contextual Characteristics

The social psychology of collective mobilization and social protest reflects a long-standing interest within this discipline in the larger question of how social change comes about through the exercise of collective agency. Yet, within this very same discipline, different approaches have suggested different motivations for why people protest, including emotional, agentic, identity, and moral motivations. Although each of these approaches first tended toward development of insulated models or theories, the next phase has been more integrative in nature, giving rise to multi-motive models of collective mobilization and social protest that combined predictions from different approaches, which improved their explanatory power and theoretical scope. Together with this first development toward integration, a second development has also clearly left its mark on the field. This development refers to the rapid internationalization of the field, with studies on collective mobilization and social protest being conducted across the world, leading to very diverse participant samples and contextual characteristics. These studies typically also vary methodologically, including survey, experiment, interview, longitudinal, and other methods. This second trend—toward diversity—fits well with the first integrative trend and will lead to more in-depth and integrative understanding of the social-psychological workings of collective mobilization and social protest. However, this will require innovative conceptual and empirical work in order to map the structural (particularly, political and cultural) conditions under which different motivations matter with respect to mobilization and protest.

scholarly journals Les Témoins de Jéhovah dans le Nord de la France : implantation et expansion

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis Dericquebourg
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Jehovah’S Witnesses ◽  
Jehovah's Witnesses ◽  
Northern France ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Catholic Church

The Watch Tower movement saw considerable expansion in northern France, especially in the mining basin where it essentially recruited Polish emigrant workers, but also French workers in lesser proportions. The author attempts to retrace the history of the spread of the movement in this region and examines the causes of its unique development in France. These causes could be linked to the social conditions of this population : social and cultural change, unsatisfied expecta tions, absence of political power, a crisis of confidence in the Catholic Church. They could also be subsumed under a more global hypothesis according to which the Watch Tower movement would have constituted a substitute home- land for the emigrant Polish workers. As for the French Jehovah's Witnesses, it was seen that they partially shared the Polish workers' fate, and individual particularities had to be taken into account.

scholarly journals Menumbuhkan Jiwa Wirausaha dengan Penyuluhan Seni Sablon dan Cukil di Panti Asuhan “Amanah” Jetis, bantul, Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Retno Purwandari ◽  
Zahra Azkia Putri Yantari
Keyword(s):  
Foster Children ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Local Community ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Extension Program ◽  
Wall Decoration ◽  
Over Time

Panti asuhan “Amanah” merupakan panti asuhan yang berdiri sebagai bentuk respon terhadap kondisi sosial masyarakat setempat, yakni di daerah Ganten, Trimulyo, Jetis, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Panti asuhan ini terbentuk untuk mewadahi anak-anak korban gempa bumi di Yogyakarta 2016. Seiring berjalannya waktu, panti asuhan ini berkembang cukup baik yang dari tahun ke tahun sudah mampu mengantarkan anak-anak asuhnya ke jenjang lebih baik, bahkan tidak hanya anak yatim/yatim piatu, para lansia pun turut dikelola oleh yayasan ini. Menjawab permintaan yayasan yang menginginkan anak asuhnya memiliki keterampilan sablon, program penyuluhan sablon dan cukil ini pun terlaksana. Pelaksanaan penyuluhan sablon dan cukil dilaksanakan secara bertahap dari mulai pendekatan kepada mitra, persiapan serta pengenalan bahan dan alat, pelatihan, dan evaluasi telah mampu menyajikan hasil pelatihan yang cukup memuaskan, yakni berupa karya sablon di kaos, totebag, kayu, dan karya cukil berupa hiasan dinding. Karya pelatihan dipamerkan di ruang pamer sebagai salah satu hasil penyuluhan selain produk sablon dan cukil. Selain itu, anak-anak diajarkan berwira usaha dengan mencoba memamerkan hasil karya dan menjualnya, hasilnya beberapa produk laku terjual. Harapan besar, penyuluhan ini melatih keterampilan untuk menumbuhkan jiwa berwirausaha. The “Amanah” orphanage is an orphanage that was established as a response to the social conditions of the local community, namely in the Ganten, Trimulyo, Jetis, Bantul, Yogyakarta areas. This orphanage was formed to accommodate children who were victims of the 2016 Yogyakarta earthquake. Over time, this orphanage has developed quite well which from year to year has been able to take foster children to a better level, not only orphans, the elderly are also managed by this foundation. Answering the foundation's request that its foster children have screen printing skills, this screen printing and cukil extension program was implemented. The implementation of screen printing and cukil counseling is carried out in stages starting from the approach to partners, preparation and introduction of materials and tools, training, and evaluation that have been able to present satisfactory training results, namely in the form of screen printing work on t-shirts, tote bags, wood, and cukil works a wall decoration. Training works are exhibited in the exhibition room as one of the results of counseling besides screen printing and cukil products. In addition, children were taught entrepreneurship by trying to showcase their work and sell it, the result was that several products were sold. High hopes, this counseling trains skills to foster an entrepreneurial spirit. Keywords: screen printing, cukil, "Amanah" orphanage

scholarly journals Trust in science and experts during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Battiston ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Valentina Rotondi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Over Time

Trust in science and experts is extremely important in times of epidemics to ensure compliance with public health measures. Yet little is known about how this trust evolves while an epidemic is underway. In this paper, we examine the dynamics of trust in science and experts in real-time as the high-impact epidemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19) unfolds in Italy, by drawing on digital trace data from Twitter and survey data collected online via Telegram and Facebook. Both Twitter and Telegram data point to initial increases in reliance on and information-seeking from scientists and health authorities with the diffusion of the disease. Consistent with these increases, using a separately fielded online survey we find that knowledge about health information linked to COVID-19 and support for containment measures was fairly widespread. Trust in science, relative to trust in institutions (e.g. local or national government), emerges as a consistent predictor of both knowledge and containment outcomes. However, over time and as the epidemic peaks, we detect a slowdown and turnaround in reliance and information-seeking from scientists and health authorities, which we interpret as signs of an erosion in trust. This is supported by a novel survey experiment, which finds that those holding incorrect beliefs about COVID-19 give no or lower importance to information about the virus when the source of such information is known to be scientific.

Functionalism and after? Theory and Developments in Social Science Applied to the Health Field

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Frankenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Theoretical Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
Health Field

It is suggested that sociology could have a totalizing theoretical function in relation to medicine. Marx in his Capital put forward a theory of social integration in which incidentally illness is seen as arising out of social conditions and reflecting back on them. Sigerist, following this lead, sees the roles of physicians and the sick in an historical context, but his analysis is marred by an inversion of Marx's man-centered view. George Bernard Shaw's experience in local government led him to a critical understanding. Parsons and Freidson develop Sigerist's ideas but outside their historical context. It is argued that empirical work in the field, while useful, suffers from the inadequacy of attempts to apply sociologic theory to medicine. This arises out of the social position of sociologists, their elitist view of administration, and their illusory desire to influence doctors. The solution is seen in identification with patients and an honest acceptance of class conflict and contradiction. It is suggested that in this respect Mao Tse-tung might be seen as a successful medical sociologist. A parallel is drawn with problems of realism and naturalism in art.

scholarly journals Trust in science and experts during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Battiston ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Valentina Rotondi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Over Time

Trust in science and experts is extremely important in times of epidemics to ensure compliance with public health measures. Yet little is known about how this trust evolves while an epidemic is underway. In this paper, we examine the dynamics of trust in science and experts in real-time as the high-impact epidemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19) unfolds in Italy, by drawing on digital trace data from Twitter and survey data collected online via Telegram and Facebook. Both Twitter and Telegram data point to initial increases in reliance on and information-seeking from scientists and health authorities with the diffusion of the disease. Consistent with these increases, using a separately fielded online survey we find that knowledge about health information linked to COVID-19 and support for containment measures was fairly widespread. Trust in science, relative to trust in institutions (e.g. local or national government), emerges as a consistent predictor of both knowledge and containment outcomes. However, over time and as the epidemic peaks, we detect a slowdown and turnaround in reliance and information-seeking from scientists and health authorities, which we interpret as signs of an erosion in trust. This is supported by a novel survey experiment, which finds that those holding incorrect beliefs about COVID-19 give no or lower importance to information about the virus when the source of such information is known to be scientific.

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