A cross-sectional study of physical activity behaviour and associations with wellbeing during the UK coronavirus lockdown
Background: During the UK coronavirus restrictions, individuals were limited to one bout of daily physical activity (PA). This study aimed to analyse the impact of the UK coronavirus lockdown on PA and wellbeing measures. Methods: UK adults participated in an online survey reporting their average weekly PA prior to lockdown, alongside the previous week, via the International PA Questionnaire Short Form. Participants perceptions of PA importance during lockdown were rated as more, less, or of equal importance. Mental health was assessed via depression, anxiety, stress, wellbeing and nature connection. Mixed ANOVAs explored changes in PA by perceived importance; whilst a one-way between ANOVA compared the effect of PA category on wellbeing. Results: A significant interaction showed that moderate PA significantly increased when PA was perceived to be more important (p<.001) or of equal importance (p=.002); whilst total PA significantly increased when PA was perceived to be more important (p=.005), and significantly decreased in the less importance group (p=.002). Time sitting significantly increased in all importance groups (all p<.002). Those with ‘low’ PA had significantly worse scores than the ‘high’ active group on wellbeing (p=.001); depression (p<.001); anxiety (p<.001); stress (p=.001); and nature connection (p=.001); and significantly worse scores for all measures except nature connection than the moderately active group (all p<0.05).Conclusions: PA during lockdown varied by PA importance; whilst individuals with ‘low’ PA levels had worse wellbeing. Strategies to increase PA and improve wellbeing should utilise behaviour change techniques in order to change perceptions of the importance of PA.