scholarly journals Awareness of HIV/AIDS among transportation staff linked to Dharan municipality, Sunsari, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Sharmila Shrestha ◽  
T Shah ◽  
S Lamsal ◽  
GN Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Transportation workers are the high risk group for HIV/AIDS infection because they travel frequently; often engage in unsafe sex to reduce their loneliness. The UN predicts 68 million more deaths over the next twenty years if efforts on prevention are not increased.Objective: To assess the level of awareness and to find out association between awareness about HIV/AIDS and selected variables.  Method: Cross sectional, descriptive study with sample of 197 staff (driver, conductor and helper) of buses and trucks of Dharan city. Purposive sampling technique was used with pretested semi structured questionnaire.Result: The median age of drivers was 28.5, conductor’s 28 and helper’s 21 years. Most of them (84.2%) were within the age group of 15-34 years. Majority stays (77.2%) less than a week away from home. Almost 93% had heard about HIV/AIDS. Still 55.8% & 32.5% believed HIV is transmitted by insect bite and having food together respectively. Eighty one percent believed that HIV/AIDS status of self should not be kept secret with sexual partner. More than (56.7%) had first sexual exposure at the age of 19 or below. Maximum (77.4%) had not used condom at first sexual intercourse. About 15.2% has sex with CSWs. Among them 93.3% were frequenting CSW for more than once. Forty percent had multi-partner.Conclusion: Staff of bus & truck of Dharan showed as the awareness level increased, risk taking behavior decreased and attitude became more positive among the transportation staff. Health Renaissance 2015;13 (3): 82-94

Gender Differences in Knowledge and Risk Perception towards HIV/AIDS among Rohingyas in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihabul Islam ◽  
Shah Ehsan Habib
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Rohingyas living in refugee camps of Bangladesh have been identified as a high-risk group for HIV transmission. This study aimed to assess gender differences in risk perception towards HIV/AIDS among Rohingyas in Cox’s Bazar. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted to assess the level of risk perception towards HIV/AIDS. This analysis utilizes data from a survey of 130 Rohingya people through face-to-face interviews utilizing a 28-item HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire. A systematic sampling technique was used to accomplish data collection survey. Analyzing was done by SPSS 25. Results: Only 41.8% of males and 58.2% of females had a good knowledge score (8 out of 11 items) regarding the transmission of HIV. Knowledge is significantly associated with female gender (χ2 = 8.927, p < 0.005). Gender differences were also significantly associated with the perceived risk of contracting HIV/AIDS in the future (p < 0.001). When rank averages were investigated, perceived risk of contracting HIV/AIDS score of the female participants (mean rank = 76.71) appeared to be higher compared to the score of male participants (mean rank = 54.29). Conclusion: Female Rohingyas perceive a higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS than male Rohingyas. Programs should address harmful gender norms, HIV testing and education emphasizing the risks involved in transactional sex within the camps.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TENTANG HIV/AIDS PADA WARIA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DAN WARIA NON-PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI KOTA MANADO

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Awad ◽  
Christofel Elim ◽  
Anita E. Dundu ◽  
Neni Ekawardani
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract: HIV/AIDS is a health problem that is threatening the world, including Indonesia. Manado has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in North Sulawesi with numbers of cases of 101 patients with HIV and 212 patients with AIDS in 2011. According to the group transmission, transvestites belong to the second rank of high risk group spreaders of HIV/AIDS due to the transvestites sex life impact. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design. Samples were obtained by using the purposive sampling technique. We used questionnaire to be filled by 60 transvestites and a qualitative study on 2 transvestites to obtain more accurate data. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 20.0. The Mann-Whitney statistical test showed that there was a significant difference of knowledge between Transvestites Commercial Sex Workers and Transvestites Non-Commercial Sex Workers (p <0.05). The significant value was due to the difference of attitudes between Transvestite Commercial Sex Workers and Transvestite Non-Commercial Sex Workers (p <0.05).Keywords: knowledge, attitude, HIV/AIDS, transvestite commercial sex worker, transvestite non-commercial sex workerAbstrak: HIV/AIDS merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih mengancam dunia termasuk Indonesia hingga saat ini. Manado merupakan kota dengan prevalensi HIV/AIDS tertinggi di Sulawesi Utara dengan jumlah kasus 101 pasien HIV dan 212 pasien AIDS pada tahun 2011. Menurut kelompok penularannya, waria menduduki urutan kedua sebagai kelompok resiko tinggi penyebar HIV/AIDS akibat dari dampak kehidupan seks kaum waria. Penelitian ini besifat analitik observasional dengan pendekatan Cross-Sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu Purposive Sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner kepada 60 waria dan dilanjutkan dengan penelitian kualitatif terhadap 2 orang waria untuk memperoleh data yang lebih akurat. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan SPSS 20.0. Hasil pengolahan data menggunakan analisis statistik Mann-Whitney menunjukkan nilai signifikan adanya perberdaan tingkat pengetahuan antara Waria PSK dan Waria Non-PSK (p<0,05). Nilai yang signifikan diperoleh dengan adanya perbedaan sikap antara Waria PSK dan Waria Non-PSK (p<0,05).Kata kunci: pengetahuan, sikap, HIV/AIDS, waria PSK, waria non-PSK

scholarly journals Study On Risk Taking Behavior To HIV/AIDS Among Injecting Drug User's In Easter Region Of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Bhatta B ◽  
Shah SD ◽  
Koirala N
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Unsafe Behavior ◽  
Hiv Aids

Drug abuse is the Universal Problem and Nepal is not the exception. Different study and report have reported high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the IDUs in Nepal. According to the estimated data, there are eighty thousands drug addicts in Nepal and 50 % of them inject drugs through syringe. In Morang district, there are 1316 reported IDUs and 5000 to 7000 estimated IDUs. To assess the risk talking behavior among IDUs with respect to needle syringe exchange and unprotected sex.Cross sectional study design was applied to study the risk talking behavior among IDUs users in eastern region of Nepal. A non-probability, snowballing sampling technique was adopted. SPSS and Epi-Info was used to analyze the data of the study. Majority of injecting drug users in eastern region were from the age group 21-30 years (62.7 %), unmarried (64.9 %) and living in nuclear family (80 %). Despite of the fact that most of the IDUs were unmarried most of them were sexually active (72.7 %). The study revealed that condom use during sexual intercoursewashigh(87.5%)theconsistentandregularusewaslow(57.5%). SharingofsyringeandreuseofneedlewashighamongtheIDUsi.e.40 % of the respondent. In general the study had revealed that the harm reduction approaches among IDUs were low.The findings suggest that the majority of injecting drug users in eastern region were from the age group 21-30 years, unmarried and living in nuclear family. The study had further highlight that unsafe sex, sharing of syringe and needle and improper cleaning of needle and syringes before sharing is indication of unsafe behavior practices by IDUs. Finally, the study highlighted statistically significant relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and uses of condom during sexual intercourse and high rate of syringe sharing among married respondents.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Symptomatic Individuals Is Higher than in Persons Who Are at Increased Risk Exposure: The Results of the Single-Center, Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Alexandr Zurochka ◽  
Maria Dobrinina ◽  
Vladimir Zurochka ◽  
Desheng Hu ◽  
Alexandr Solovyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Symptomatic Group ◽  
Increased Risk

The present study aimed to assess antibody seropositivity prevalence among symptomatic individuals and individuals with a high risk of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Participants from Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation) who were at an increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (high-risk group, n = 1091) and participants who either had symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or were suspected to have experienced COVID-19 in the past (symptomatic group, n = 692) were enrolled between 28 September and 30 December 2020. Blood samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay D-5501 SARS-Cov-2-IgG-EIA-BEST and D-5502 SARS-Cov-2-IgM-EIA-BEST (AO Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russia). The overall seropositivity rate was 28.33–28.53%. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 17.23% (adjusted prevalence of 17.17–17.29%) of participants in the high-risk and 45.95% (adjusted prevalence of 45.91–46.24%) in the symptomatic group. Higher IgG and IgM titers were observed in women compared to men, as well as in participants in the symptomatic group compared to those in the high-risk group. The results indicate that the seroprevalence among residents in several Russian regions is low (28.38%) and inadequate to provide herd immunity. The lower seroprevalence among participants in the high-risk group may be attributed to the enforcement of healthcare protocols and the use of adequate personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals Serological Profile of Syphilis in Patients Attending the STI / RTI Clinic at Government General Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh – A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 1122-1126
Author(s):  
Suneetha Devi Chappidi v ◽  
Sowmya Srirama ◽  
Syam Sundar Junapudi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are ancient and are as old as human existence. They are closely interlinked with the human sexual behaviour. Syphilis well known for its systemic complications in the pre-antibiotic era is described as the ‘great imitator’ by Sir William Osler, the father of modern medicine. In the present era of human immuno deficiency virus disease / acquired immuno deficiency syndrome, STI control has been made as first priority, because of their close association and interaction. Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum is diagnosed most often on clinical suspicion supplemented by laboratory diagnosis, where serological tests for syphilis play a key role / main role. METHODS This study is a hospital based cross sectional study that consisted of 416 cases among which, 276 were females, 140 were males who had attended the STI / RTI clinic. The study period was from July 2011 to September 2012. Blood samples were drawn from all the patients (who were willing to be included in the study) attending the RTI / STI clinic, GGH, Guntur after taking consent. All the sera were tested by rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test and the sera was screened simultaneously for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Those sera which were tested reactive for RPR were further tested in dilutions to know the titres. Later the sera tested reactive for RPR were further tested by a specific test, Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA). RESULTS Of the total 19 (4.56 %) persons tested reactive for RPR, males were 10 (7.14 %), females were 9 (3.26 %), and these were further tested for TPHA. Of the 19 tested for TPHA, a total of 16 (84.21 %) were positive for TPHA of which males were 9 (90 %) and females were 7 (77.78 %). Among the 16 patients, positive for serological test for syphilis (STS), 13 (81.25 %) fall in the age group of 21 - 40, 2 (12.50 %) in the age group of ≤ 20, and 1 (6.25 %) is above 60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS In this study it was seen that out of the 16 syphilis cases, 9 were HIV reactive, 3 were non-reactive for HIV and 4 were of unknown status, showing that the rate was more among the HIV reactive group. The prevalence rate of syphilis among the 66 tested patients belonging to the high-risk group was 6.06 % and in nonhigh-risk group was 3.12 %, showing that it was more in people belonging to high risk group. KEYWORDS Serological Profile, Syphilis, Treponema pallidum, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), People Living with HIV / AIDS (PHLA)

scholarly journals Study On Risk Taking Behavior To HIV/AIDS Among Injecting Drug User's In Easter Region Of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhatta B ◽  
Shah SD ◽  
Koirala N
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Hiv Aids

Drug abuse is the Universal Problem and Nepal is not the exception. Different study and report have reported high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the IDUs in Nepal. According to the estimated data, there are eighty thousands drug addicts in Nepal and 50 % of them inject drugs through syringe. In Morang district, there are 1316 reported IDUs and 5000 to 7000 estimated IDUs. To assess the risk talking behavior among IDUs with respect to needle syringe exchange and unprotected sex.Cross sectional study design was applied to study the risk talking behavior among IDUs users in eastern region of Nepal. A non-probability, snowballing sampling technique was adopted. SPSS and Epi-Info was used to analyze the data of the study. Majority of injecting drug users in eastern region were from the age group 21-30 years (62.7 %), unmarried (64.9 %) and living in nuclear family (80 %). Despite of the fact that most of the IDUs were unmarried most of them were sexually active (72.7 %). The study revealed that condom use during sexual intercourse was high(87.5%)the consistent and regular use was low(57.5%). Sharing of syringe and reuse of needle was high among the IDUsi.e.40 % of the respondent. In general the study had revealed that the harm reduction approaches among IDUs were low.The findings suggest that the majority of injecting drug users in eastern region were from the age group 21-30 years, unmarried and living in nuclear family. The study had further highlight that unsafe sex, sharing of syringe and needle and improper cleaning of needle and syringes before sharing is indication of unsafe behavior practices by IDUs. Finally, the study highlighted statistically significant relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and uses of condom during sexual intercourse and high rate of syringe sharing among married respondents.

HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Risk-Taking Behaviours among Youths at a University in Enugu, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada C. Nwaneri ◽  
Okwudili Callistus Ezike ◽  
Agnes N. Anarado ◽  
Ifeoma Ndubisi ◽  
Jane-Lovena Onyia-Pat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
The University ◽  
Hiv Aids

 A national sentinel survey of 2006 shows that Enugu State in south-eastern Nigeria is the worst hit by HIV infections. Despite numerous control strategies having been implemented, the state was still reported by another national HIV sentinel survey in 2010 as the worst hit by HIV/AIDS within the zone, and that youths are the most affected. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional descriptive survey to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk-taking behaviours of youths at a federal university in Enugu, south-eastern Nigeria. They adopted a multistage sampling method to recruit 460 unmarried, consenting students between 15 and 30 years of age, from three faculties of the university. Almost 90 per cent of the university youths had a sound knowledge of key concepts related to HIV/AIDS; despite this, a subset (7.39%) still engaged in risk-taking behaviours. The major risky behaviours identified include having premarital sex, having multiple sexual partners, the sharing of shaving or razor blades, the use of public clippers and tribal marking. Although an analysis of variance demonstrated no significant relationship (t = −0.036) between university youths’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS and their related risk-taking behaviour, risky behaviours were found to be more (13%) among respondents who had insufficient or incorrect knowledge of the disease. An analysis of covariance, however, showed that gender and socio-economic backgrounds were not determinants of the HIV/AIDS risk-taking behaviours of these youths. Therefore, factors such as attitude or culture are areas that should be focused on, and should then, along with educational awareness campaigns, help to reduce the spread and prevalence of the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Demba Gofa Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Befikaduwa Zekarias ◽  
Frehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Bezatu Mengiste ◽  
Adane Tesfaye ◽  
Lemma Getacher
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background. Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Gofa woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using EpiData version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a P value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a P value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable. Results. The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = 39.2–46.9. Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.03–4), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.1–11.3), salt use after >2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 5–26), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–15.8), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.5) were significant factors associated with goiter. Conclusion. Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine, and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use, and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Reproductive Health Status of Adult Prison Inmates in Osun State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Olugbenga-Bello ◽  
O. A. Adeoye ◽  
K. G. Osagbemi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Condom Usage ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. All over the world, numbers of prisoners have being increasing with majority in the sexually active age group; hence diseases such as HIV, Tuberculosis and Hepatitis are more prevalent in prisons than in the community. This study thus aims to provide an overview of the reproductive health status of adult prison inmates in Osun State.Methodology. This is a cross-sectional study among adult inmates in Osun State prison. Data was obtained from 209 selected respondents using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire.Result. Majority of the respondents were in the age group 20–39 years with mean age of30.9+7.5. 73.2% are aware of STIs, 93.3% HIV/AIDS and 81.3% contraception. 54.6% had multiple sexual partners before incarceration and 23.3% of them used condom always. 89.5% were not involved in any sexual practice inside the prison, 9.1% masturbated and 1.4% had homosexual partners. Less than 6% had access to male condoms gotten from prison staffs and prison clinics.Conclusion and recommendation. No comprehensive reproductive health care system to address reproductive health services in prisons. Respondents’ knowledge about STIs, HIV/AIDS and contraception is good, but their condom usage is low compared with the knowledge. Government should put in place specific reproductive health programmes in prisons.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CELL PHONE USAGE AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Mandhwani ◽  
Sadaf Zia ◽  
Emad Salman Shaikh ◽  
Dante Duarte ◽  
Erum Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Body ◽  
Camera Phone ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Margin Of Error

The adverse effects of excessive mobile phone (MP) use on children include deprivation from sleep, increased risk of lack of concentration, depression, anxiety and obesity. No such study has been conducted in children from Pakistan. Objectives: To assess the association of MP usage and musculoskeletal disorders in school going children. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey. Data were collected from different private schools of Karachi, Pakistan. Convenient non probability sampling technique was used. A sample size of 385 students was taken keeping a confidence interval of 95% with 5% margin of error. Results: A total of 385 subjects participated. It was also noticed that 75.6% (291) students have smart phone and 5.2% (20) have conventional phone and remaining 19.2% (74) have camera phone. It was noticed that the participants 306 (79.5%) said they slept for 1–2[Formula: see text]h daily and 30 (7.8%) had sleep for 3–4[Formula: see text]h daily. One hundred and four 104 (27%) had noticed pain in neck. Conclusion: The use of MP for any activity was associated with sleep deprivation and pain in wrist/hands followed by neck and upper back pain. The usage of MP should be limited to avoid the stress on musculoskeletal parts of the body.

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