scholarly journals Effect of Trimethoprim on Glycogen Contents in Freshwater Mussels, Lamellidens corrianus (Lea) & Parreysia cylindrica (Annandale & Prashad)

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemlata P Nandurkar ◽  
Sureshchandra P Zambare
Keyword(s):  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chronic Dose ◽  
Sulpha Drug ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Freshwater Bivalves ◽  
Lamellidens Corrianus ◽  
Digestive Glands

Freshwater bivalves, Lamellidens corrianus were exposed to acute dose of trimethoprim one of the ingredients of sulpha drug (174.80PPM) and Parreysia cylindrica (136.29PPM) up to 96 hours and chronic dose to Lamellidens corrianus of the same antibiotics (34.96 PPM) and to Parreysia cylindrica was (27.25 PPM) up to 21 days.  After 24 and 96 hours of acute treatment and 7, 14 and 21 days of chronic treatment, the mantle, gills, foot, ovary, testis, digestive glands and whole body of the bivalves were separated, dried in the oven and their glycogen contents were estimated.Except gills, trimethoprim reduced the glycogen contents from most of the tissues of L. corrianus while in Parreysia cylindrica overall reduction in the glycogen depot was observed.  The most affected tissue in which the great depletion observed was digestive glands.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v6i1.5767  

Mesenteric vascular responses to vasopressin during development of DOCA-salt hypertension in male and female rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (1) ◽  
pp. R40-R49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Stallone
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Salt Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Responsiveness

Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension develops to a greater extent in male (M) than in female (F) rats. To determine the role of the vasculature, reactivity to arginine vasopressin (AVP) and prostanoid output were examined in the isolated perfused mesenteric vasculature of hypertensive (HT) and normotensive-control (NTC) M and F rats after acute (1-wk) and chronic (4-wk) DOCA-salt treatment. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in M than in F HT rats (187 +/- 3 vs. 151 +/- 3 mmHg after 4 wk; P < 0.02). After acute treatment, vascular reactivity to AVP (maximal perfusion pressure) in HT was elevated in M (181 +/- 18 mmHg; P < 0.02) but not in F (135 +/- 6 mmHg) compared with NTC (90 +/- 6 mmHg, M vs. 119 +/- 5 mmHg, F). After chronic treatment, vascular reactivity to AVP in HT was elevated in both sexes (P < 0.02), although more in F (175 +/- 13 mmHg) than in M (141 +/- 11 mmHg). In contrast, vascular responsiveness to phenylephrine did not differ significantly between M and F NTC or HT preparations after either acute or chronic treatment. Sex differences in basal and AVP-induced 6-ketoprostaglandin (6-keto-PG) F1 alpha and PGE2 output by HT and NTC vasculature were reciprocal to sex differences in the vasoconstriction responses to AVP. After acute treatment, AVP-stimulated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha output by HT was elevated slightly in F (33.6 +/- 1.7 ng/3 min; P < or = 0.02) but not in M (49.9 +/- 4.3 ng/3 min) compared with NTC (23.5 +/- 2.6 ng/3 min, F vs. 34.7 +/- 4.9 ng/3 min, M). After chronic treatment, output by HT was enhanced in both sexes (P < or = to 0.02), although more in M (109 +/- 15.4 ng/3 min) than in F (68 +/- 6.6 ng/3 min)> These findings suggest that sex differences in the relative balance between AVP-induced vasoconstriction and vasodilatory prostanoid release may contribute to male-female differences in mesenteric vascular reactivity to AVP in NT and that disturbances in this balance may be responsible, at least in part, for the sex- and time-dependent changes in reactivity to AVP observed during the development of DOCA-salt hypertension.

Effects of β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists on Sino-Aortic Baroreflex Sensitivity and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Man

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. S. Watson ◽  
T. J. Stallard ◽  
W. A. Littler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Initial Pulse ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After

1. Sensitivity of the sino-aortic baroreflex was investigated before and after acute (23 patients) and chronic (23 patients) β-adrenoreceptor antagonism in patients with essential hypertension. 2. Sensitivity was inversely related to age (r = −0·60) and systolic blood pressure (r = −0·46); a positive relationship was noted between sensitivity and initial pulse intervals (r = 0·40). 3. Sensitivity increased significantly in patients less than 40 years of age after chronic treatment. No change occurred after acute treatment or in older patients treated chronically. 4. The fall in ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure after chronic treatment was unrelated to alteration of baroreflex sensitivity.

scholarly journals Free or Protein-Bound Microcystin Accumulation by Freshwater Bivalves as a Tool to Evaluate Water Contamination by Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacteria?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lepoutre ◽  
Théo Grilot ◽  
Sarah Jean ◽  
Alain Geffard ◽  
Emilie Lance
Keyword(s):  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Environmental Concentration ◽  
Freshwater Bivalves ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Bivalve Tissues ◽  
Digestive Glands

Cyanobacterial proliferations display rapid spatiotemporal variations that can interfere in the assessment of water contamination levels by microcystins (MC), and make necessary the use of integrative tools. This study evaluates the pertinence of bivalves Anodonta anatina and Dreissena polymorpha as bioindicators of the presence of MC-producing cyanobacteria in water. Ingested MC accumulates into two fractions in bivalve tissues—the cellular free and the protein-bound fractions—both forming the total MC fraction. Mussels were exposed to the cyanobacteria Planktothrix agardhii at densities producing an equivalent of 1, 10 and 100 µg/L of intracellular MC, with the evaluation of: (i) cyanobacterial cells and MC daily intake by mussels, (ii) free and total MC kinetics in whole individuals (using all the tissues) or only in the digestive gland, during and after the exposure, (iii) bioaccumulation factors. For each species, the kinetics of the two accumulation fractions were compared to evaluate which one best reflect levels and dynamics of MC-producing cyanobacteria in water. Results showed that the dynamic of free MC in bivalve tissues better highlight the dynamic of intracellular MC in water. Using whole D. polymorpha may be appropriate to reveal and discriminate the water contamination levels above densities of cyanobacteria producing 1 µg MC/L. Digestive glands of A. anatina appeared more sensitive to reveal low environmental concentration, but without direct correlation with levels of water contamination. Further experimentations in situ are necessary to confirm those results in order to propose the use of freshwater bivalves for a biomonitoring of MC-producing cyanobacteria in fresh waters.

Chronic Treatment with Novel GPR40 Agonists Improve Whole-Body Glucose Metabolism Based on the Glucose-Dependent Insulin Secretion

2013 ◽  
Vol 346 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotsugu Tanaka ◽  
Shigeru Yoshida ◽  
Hiroyuki Oshima ◽  
Hideaki Minoura ◽  
Kenji Negoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Whole Body

Uptake of sodium and chloride by freshwater mussels

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
North America ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Freshwater Bivalves ◽  
Chloride Influx

Ion transport rates were measured in six species representing the four families of freshwater bivalves in North America. Sodium and chloride transport systems function independently in all of the species. The unionid steady-state influx of Na and Cl was about 1 μ equiv/g dry tissue per hour. Margaritifera hembeli Na influx was about 5 μ equiv/g dry tissue per hour and they were in a positive Na balance. Chloride influx by M. hembeli was similar to the unionids. The Sphaeriacea transport Na and Cl at significantly higher rates than Unionacea. Corbicula manilensis Na and Cl influx was about 9 μ equiv/g dry tissue per hour. Sphaerium transversum Cl influx was similar to C. manilensis; however, Na influx was twice as high. The higher transport rates of the Sphaeriacea are similar to brackish-water animals. Sodium, Ca, and Cl are major ions in the blood of all species. Bicarbonate is a major anion (19–12 mM/L) in all species except C. manilensis (4 mM/L).

scholarly journals Freshwater mussels from South America: state of the art of Unionida, specially Rhipidodontini

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Christo Miyahira ◽  
Sonia Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Maria Cristina Dreher Mansur
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Freshwater Bivalves

Abstract Unionida is the most diverse clade of freshwater bivalves. Among the groups occurring in South America, one with the highest number of species is Rhipidodontini (Hyriidae, Unionida, Paleoheterodonta, Bivalvia). However several issues remains on taxonomy and systematic of this group, leading to problems on species identification, description, as also as a limiting factor to other type of studies (e.g., ecology, conservation,…). In this paper is presented a synthesis of available knowledge about Diplodon Spix in Wagner, 1827 and Rhipidodonta Mörch, 1853 in South America, as a first step in order to a better understating of Rhipidodontini. The evaluation of different authors exposes the little agreement between them that resulted in a sort of divergent taxonomical opinions. Some comments on ecology, conservation and habitat preferences were made. This work can also encourage future research on taxonomy, systematic, ecology and conservation of freshwater mussels in South America.

Baroreflex Setting and Sensitivity after Acute and Chronic Nicardipine Therapy

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Young ◽  
R. D. S. Watson ◽  
W. A. Littler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. Intra-arterial pressure, baroreflex sensitivity and the baroreflex set point were measured in eight patients with essential hypertension during a control period and then after acute treatment (2 h after a 30 mg oral dose) and after chronic treatment (at least 2 months) with nicardipine hydrochloride, a calcium channel antagonist. 2. Mean intra-arterial blood pressure fell after the acute treatment from 130 ± 14 (sd) control to 118 ± 11 mmHg, P<0.05, and after chronic treatment to 112 ± 19 mmHg, P<0.05. Heart rate increased from 72 ± 11 control to 81 ± 16 beats/min, P<0.05, during acute treatment indicating activation of the baroreflex control mechanism, but returned to control values with chronic treatment (72 ± 11 control vs 69 ± 9 beats/min chronic), indicating a significant shift to the left of the baroreflex set point. There was no change in baroreflex sensitivity after either acute or chronic treatment (control 4.7, acute 4.3, chronic 5.1 ms/mmHg, P not significant for all values). 3. Nicardipine significantly reduces mean intraarterial pressure both acutely and chronically; the latter is associated with a return of the heart rate to control values due to resetting of the baroreflex control mechanism.

Acute treatment with ketamine and chronic treatment with minocycline exert antidepressant-like effects and antioxidant properties in rats subjected different stressful events

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Maciel ◽  
Helena M. Abelaira ◽  
Airam B. de Moura ◽  
Thays G. de Souza ◽  
Thayse Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Stressful Events

scholarly journals Thermotherapy Effects on Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Janette A. Lindstrom ◽  
Felix Omoruyi ◽  
Jean Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels with associated disordered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) specifically has been shown to cause a decrease in skeletal muscle mass due to oxidative stress. This study investigated a treatment option for T2D through thermotherapy on healthy (HSMM) and T2D (D-HSMM) human skeletal muscle cells. The goals were to determine the effects of thermotherapy, long-term (chronic) and short-term (acute), on HSMM and D-HSMM cell viabilities and oxidative stress. HSMM and D-HSMM cells were grown to confluency, harvested, and counted to determine density. Acute and chronic heat treatments were applied to both cell lines. The chronic treatment consisted of a 30-minute exposure to 40°C, three times a week for three weeks; the acute treatment was a one-time exposure. Oxidative stress assays and cell viabilities were tested 24 hours after heat treatments. Results indicated no significant effect on the cell viability of HSMM and D-HSMM cells. The acute treatment had a significant increase ( p ≤ 0.05 ) of MDA concentration compared to the chronic treatment. The chronic treatment had a significant increase ( p ≤ 0.05 ) in catalase activity compared to the acute treatment. The SOD activity had no significant change ( p > 0.05 ) between the chronic and acute treatments. In conclusion, acute thermotherapy may not be beneficial for skeletal muscle cells due to the observed increase in oxidative stress, especially in the D-HSMM cells.

scholarly journals Effects of acute and chronic administration of methylprednisolone on oxidative stress in rat lungs

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Lopes Torres ◽  
Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres ◽  
Gabriela Laste ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Francisco Guerreiro Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Rat Lungs ◽  
Potential Trap ◽  
Chronic Use

Objective: To determine the effects of acute and chronic administration of methylprednisolone on oxidative stress, as quantified by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), in rat lungs. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: acute treatment, comprising rats receiving a single injection of methylprednisolone (50 mg/kg i.p.); acute control, comprising rats i.p. injected with saline; chronic treatment, comprising rats receiving methylprednisolone in drinking water (6 mg/kg per day for 30 days); and chronic control, comprising rats receiving normal drinking water. Results: The levels of TRAP were significantly higher in the acute treatment group rats than in the acute control rats, suggesting an improvement in the pulmonary defenses of the former. The levels of lung LPO were significantly higher in the chronic treatment group rats than in the chronic control rats, indicating oxidative damage in the lung tissue of the former. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the acute use of corticosteroids is beneficial to lung tissue, whereas their chronic use is not. The chronic use of methylprednisolone appears to increase lung LPO levels.

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