scholarly journals Intestinal Parasitic Investigation in Temple Rhesus Monkeys of Kathmandu

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwita Jha ◽  
Mukesh K Chalise ◽  
Rebati M Shrestha ◽  
Kedar Karki
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Parasitization Rate ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Concentration Methods

The rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) of Kathmandu come into frequent contact with humans and due to their habit of residing in the religious and parkland of human proximity, there is possibility of zoonotic and anthroponotic disease transmission between them. So, a prevalence survey of gastrointestinal parasites of these monkeys was conducted during April and May 2005 in three temples Pashupatinath, Swyombhunath and Tripureshwor. Total 121 fresh faecal samples, were collected randomly from these areas that were about fifteen percent of total monkey population. The faecal samples were analyzed by direct smear and concentration methods. The overall parasitization rate was 76.86% with the highest in Pashupatinath (86%) followed by Swyombhunath (74%) and Tripureshwor (61.9%). About 27.96% had single infection while 72.04% had mixed infection. This showed that the presence of one parasite reduced the immunity of the host as a result multiple infections existed. Parasite identifications were based upon the size and appearance of trophozoites, cysts, eggs and larvae of parasites. Both protozoan and helminthes parasites were observed in varying rates in three temples. Three species of protozoa and ten species of helminths were detected by microscopical examination of faecal samples. Human is always prone to be infected by most of these parasites so they are of zoonotic importance. The study will enrich the information on temple monkeys and will support their ecological management in human proximity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5530 The Initiation Vol.4 2011 1-7

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigeons (Columba sp. Linnaeus, 1758) in three temples of Pokhara valley, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Amrit Gurung ◽  
Janak Raj Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pokhara Valley ◽  
First Time

The present study was conducted to determine the general prevalence, identification, compare area-wise as well as infection-wise prevalence and find out activities on health care of pigeon (Columba sp.) in three temples viz. Bhadrakali temple, Bindhyabasini temple and Tal Barahi temple of Pokhara valley. Iodine wet mount and different concentration technique (floatation and sedimentation) were used for faecal qualitative tests whereas verbally administered questionnaires for interview and Microsoft Excel and “R” software packages were used inanalyzing data. Out of 120 faecal samples collected by opportunistic random faecal sampling method examined, general prevalence rate of parasitic infection was 69.16%. Total of seven gastrointestinal parasites that includes one subclass of protozoan: Coccidia (19.16%) and six genera of helminths: Capillaria sp. (31.67%), Ascaridia sp. (21.66%), Echinostoma sp.(7.50%), Syangamus sp. (5.83%), Hymenolepis sp. (3.33%) and Hetarakis sp. (2.50%) were identified and reported first time in Nepal. The prevalence rates (55%) of helminths were higher than protozoan parasites (19.16%). The higher prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was in Bhadrakali temple with 77.50% followed by Tal Barahi temple (72.50%) and lowest in Bindhyabasini temple (57.50%). Statistically, the difference in prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection among study area was found to be insignificant whereas the difference in prevalence of single infection (43.83%) and mixed infections (25.83%) were also insignificant. No any activities on health care of pigeon regarding the gastrointestinal parasites were found. The study indicates that pigeons in three temples of Pokhara valley were highly susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in north-west Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Guardone ◽  
M. Magi ◽  
M. C. Prati ◽  
F. Macchioni
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
North West ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina ◽  
Eucoleus Boehmi

SummaryThe present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal and cardio-respiratory parasites in dogs in Liguria (northwest Italy) which is a region that has scarcely been studied. A total of 450 dogs (260 males and 190 females) were enrolled in the study from 2009 and 2013. All dogs lived in a rural or semi-rural environment in the provinces of Imperia (n = 352) or Savona (n = 98), Liguria. Coprological examinations showed that 197 dogs (43.8 %, CI 38.7-48.9 %) were infected by parasites. Specifically, 3.3 % of the dogs presented only cardio-respiratory species, 32.4 % only intestinal species, and 8.0 % presented a mixed infection.The most frequent intestinal parasites wereToxocara canis(20 %),Trichuris vulpis(17.8 %), Ancylostomatidae (12 %), Coccidia (2.7 %),Aonchotheca putorii(1.8 %) andToxascaris leonina(1.8 %). The cardio-respiratory species found wereEucoleus aerophilus(9.6 %),Eucoleus boehmi(1.6 %),Angiostrongylus vasorum(0.7 %), andCrenosoma vulpis(0.2 %). A total of 116 dogs (25.8 %) were parasitized by a single species, multiple infections were observed in 81 dogs (18.0 %) up to a six-order infection.This preliminary study highlighted that the prevalence of intestinal parasites in investigated area is high. Cardio respiratory parasites were detected in an area that has not been investigated before. The creation of a more extensive sampling programme of the area, on a provincial basis in order to build a more detailed map of prevalences for different species of dog parasites throughout Liguria, a more extensive sampling programme of the area needs to be created - ideally for each province.

scholarly journals Toxocara cati and other parasitic enteropathogens: more commonly found in owned cats with gastrointestinal signs than in clinically healthy ones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora L. Ursache ◽  
Adriana Györke ◽  
Viorica Mircean ◽  
Mirabela Oana Dumitrache ◽  
Andrei Răzvan Codea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Flotation Method

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are involved in the health and wellbeing of cats and some of them, due to their zoonotic character represent a problem for the public health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections in cats with digestive symptoms. Faecal samples collected from 137 cats were analysed by the flotation method using sodium chloride saturated solution. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites was 56.6%. GI parasites were significantly (p=0.005) more common in cats with digestive symptoms (69.8%) than in clinically healthy ones (23.0%). Toxocara cati (40.2%) was the most frequently identified GI parasite, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (10.2%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (3.7%), Taenia spp. (2.2), Giardia duodenalis (2.2%), and Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts (0.7%). T. cati (53.3%, p<0.0001) and Cystoisospora spp. (15.6%, p<0.001) were significantly more frequently diagnosed in cats with digestive symptoms. Lack of deworming in the last three months (OR: 15.9), outdoor access (OR: 13.8), the presence of digestive symptoms (OR: 5.4), and young age (OR: 4.2) were identified as risk factors for T. cati infection by logistic regression analysis. Regardless of the age, symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, and inappetence were positively associated with T. cati.

scholarly journals Distribution of cervical lesions in high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) positive women with ASC-US: a retrospective single-center study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiling Wang ◽  
Ying Gu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Junyu Chen ◽  
Yawen Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
High Risk ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background To investigate distributions of cervical lesions and factors associated with the severity of the cervical lesions in high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) positive women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) cytology. Methods Clinical information of 250,000 women who underwent HPV and cytological test was collected from January 2012 to January 2019. The association between the severity of the cervical lesions and hr-HPV genotypes, hr-HPV viral load, and ages, were analyzed in hr-HPV-positive/ASC-US women. Results 3459 hr-HPV-positive/ASC-US women were enrolled in this study. Overall, 43.51% of women with ASC-US had normal histological results, 34.35% had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 1.30% had cervical cancer. The rate of HSIL or worse (HSIL+) in women with single HPV16 infection (63.09%) was the highest, followed by HPV33 (57.50%), HPV51 (36.11%), HPV58 (36.11%), HPV52 (28.28%), HPV18 (26.37%), HPV66 (19.35%), HPV39 (18.92%), HPV53 (15.00%), and HPV56 (8.51%). Detection rate of HSIL+ in low, intermediate and high viral-load groups were 15.87% (n = 30), 34.91% (n = 74) and 40.68% (n = 214) (Cochran-Armitage Trend test χ2 = 35.03, p < 0.0001). Compared with the 51–60-year-old group (21.65%), the women in ≤ 30 (40.52%), 31–40 (39.67%), and 41–50 (34.22%) year-old groups had significantly higher risk of HSIL+. The women in ≤ 51–60 (2.68%) and > 60 (3.41%) year-old groups were at increased risk for cervical cancer, compared with the ≤ 30-year-old group (0.61%). Conclusions ASC-US women with HPV 16/18/33/51/52/58 single infection and multiple infections, as well as high HPV viral loads, have high risk of HSIL+.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Intensity of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Donkeys in Selected Abattoirs in Kenya

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Mulwa ◽  
Samuel Githigia ◽  
Davis Karanja ◽  
Cecilia Mbae ◽  
Eberhard Zeyhle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Strongylus Vulgaris ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Setaria Equina

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys slaughtered in Kinamba, Mogotio, and Lodwar slaughterhouses and their association with several host factors. A survey was done between July and September 2017 in three slaughterhouses. Faecal samples were collected per rectum from all the study donkeys for faecal egg counts (EPG) and morphological identification of the eggs. At slaughter, the gastrointestinal tracts were opened and examined visually, and all helminth parasites collected were subjected to morphological identification. Prevalence and intensity were calculated based on the helminth identified and EPG. A total of 282 donkeys were sampled. A majority of the donkeys (89%) were in poor body condition. Ten helminth parasite species were identified in 85.5% donkeys. They were Strongylus vulgaris (52.8%), Parascaris equorum (20.2%), Strongylus edentatus (12.1%), Anaplocephala perfoliata (10.3%), Setaria equina (3.5%) Anaplocephala magna (2.5%), Cylicocyclus auriculatus (2.1%), Cyathostomum species (1.8%), Strongylus equinus (0.4%), and Triodontophorus serratus (0.4%). A significant percentage (55.3%) had no eggs in their feces, 39% had low infection, 5% had medium, and only 0.7% were heavily infected. Prevalence rates via use of the EPG showed Strongyles (44.7%), Parascaris equorum (5.3%), Oxyuris equi (11%), Triodontophorus tenuicolis (0.7%), Habronema species (0.7%), and cestodes eggs (0.4%). No significant differences were observed between fecal Strongylus egg count and age, sex, and pregnancy status. However, donkeys with poor body condition shed more Strongylus eggs in feces. Helminth infections are prevalent in donkeys in Kenya; however, this is not reflected in coprological analyses. These helminth parasites may contribute to poor body condition, ill health, and poor productivity of donkeys.

Gastrointestinal parasites as a possible threat to an endangered autochthonous Portuguese sheep breed

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.M. Ruano ◽  
A. Cortinhas ◽  
N. Carolino ◽  
J. Gomes ◽  
M. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Sheep Breed ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Mcmaster Method

Abstract Helminth and protozoan infections are responsible for important diseases in grazing sheep, which can be especially threatening in an autochthonous breed at risk of extinction like the Churra Galega Mirandesa Portuguese sheep breed. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity, prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in these sheep and to assess the effects of deworming practices, cohabiting animals on the farm and feed management. Coprological qualitative and quantitative analysis (flotation, natural sedimentation and McMaster method) were used to identify and quantify gastrointestinal parasites and a questionnaire was designed and applied. A total of 512 faecal samples were collected from 49 flocks, and 49 replies to the questionnaire were received. Parasites were identified in 100% of the flocks, and in 97% of the samples. The genera or species that have been morphologically identified were: strongyle-type, Nematodirus spp., Skrjabinema spp., Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedeni, Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., Eimeria spp., Dicrocoelium spp. and Fasciola hepatica. This is the first report in Portugal of Skrjabinema spp. The burden of parasites’ oocysts and eggs per gram in faecal samples ranged, respectively, from 50 to 17,550 for Eimeria spp., and from 50 to 6250 for strongyle-type eggs. Factors affecting parasitic infections were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression. Grazing time and a lack of anthelmintic treatment were positively associated with Nematodirus spp. infection. This study showed that there is a high prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in the Churra Galega Mirandesa sheep breed.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals in selected private zoos in south-west Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
T.J. Akinnubi ◽  
O.A. Morenikeji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Faecal Analysis ◽  
South West ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Coccidian Parasites

This study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal parasite profile of captive animals kept in three private zoological gardens (Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) Wildlife Park, Q-BRAT Zoos and Gardens, OMU Resort) in south-west Nigeria. Animals were screened for gastrointestinal parasites via faecal analysis using standard coprological techniques. A total of 104 faecal samples were collected from forty-three animal species across the three zoos. Faecal samples examination revealed an overall parasite prevalence of 41.37%. The prevalence in OOPL was 35.29%, 62.5% in Q-BRAT and 40.54% in OMU. Gastrointestinal helminths identified were hookworm, Ascaris sp, Clonorchis sp, Enterobius sp,  Trichuris sp and Dipylidium sp, while Entamoeba sp, Giardia sp and coccidian parasites were the only protozoans present. Hookworm and Ascaris sp had the highest prevalence of 39.53% and 18.60% respectively. Prevalence across five categories of captive animals (aves, herbivores, carnivores, primates and reptiles) showed that primates and herbivores had the highest prevalence rates (54.55% and 43.75% respectively). Coccidian parasites had the highest intensity in birds at OOPL. This study shows the presence of parasites of zoonotic importance (Entamoeba sp, Hookworm, Ascaris sp, Giardia sp Enterobius sp and Trichuris sp) among screened animals. The result of this survey calls for the improvement of husbandry practices,  continuous parasite surveillance and therapeutic practices in the zoos in order to prevent a breakdown of animal and public health. Keywords: Gastrointestinal parasites; captive animals; zoological gardens, zoonosis; public health; south-west Nigeria.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on the prevalence of endoparasite infections and vector-borne diseases in outdoor dogs in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Iliev ◽  
Z. T. Kirkova ◽  
A. S. Tonev
Keyword(s):  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Linguatula Serrata ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

SummaryThe present work was designed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and some vector-borne pathogens in dogs in Bulgaria. A total of 172 owned dogs, keeping outside, were included in the study. Fecal samples were examined using standard flotation and sedimentation methods. Blood samples were processed by Knott’s technique, SNAP™ 4Dx Plus Test (IDEXX) and Angio Detect™ Test (IDEXX). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 64.5%. Eggs of hookworms (Ancylostoma sp. and Uncinaria sp.) were the most frequently detected (54.1%), followed by Trichuris vulpis (15.1%), Capillaria sp. (11.0%), Toxocara canis (6.4%), Cystoisospora sp. (4.1%), Sarcocystis sp. (2.3%), Toxascaris leonina (1.7%), Taenia sp. (1.2%) and Linguatula serrata (0.6%). In addition, hookworms were the most commonly involved in the cases of single infection (20.3%). Combinations between Capillaria sp./hookworms and T. vulpis/hookworms were the most common co-infections (4.1% and 2.9%, respectively). Blood samples revealed the presence of antibodies against Ehrlichia sp. (13.4%), Anaplasma sp. (13.4%) and Borrelia burgdorferi (1.7%). Antigens of Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum were detected in 10.5% and 0.6% of the samples tested, respectively. Microfilariae of Dirofilaria repens were found in 5.8% of the blood samples. Additionally, the prevalence of D. immitis and Ehrlichia sp. was significantly higher in adult than in young dogs (p<0.05). In contrast, the gender was not considered as a risk factor contributing to the occurrence of infections.

scholarly journals Dry Season Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Ruminants in Sokoto Metropolis

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Mahmuda ◽  
Aliyu Mustapha Abba ◽  
Aniefuna Ivy Sochima ◽  
Kamal Muhammad Moriki
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Friesian Cattle

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the dry season (January-May, 2018) prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in special breeds of ruminants in Sokoto Metropolis. A total of 100, 85 and 75 faecal samples were collected from Sudanese breed of Sheep, WAD/Sahel Goats and Friesian Cattle respectively. Faecal samples were examined using standard parasitological techniques (Simple flotation and Centrifugal sedimentation). For the Sheep, a total of 51 samples were positive for presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Male animals have higher prevalence (52.9%) than their female (47.1%) counterparts. The major parasites observed were Eimeria and Strongyles with prevalence of (64.71%), while the least observed parasites were mixed infections (35.29%). From the total of 85 goat faecal samples examined, an overall prevalence of 54.7% was observed. The prevalence rates for Strongyle, Eimeria and mixed infections were 57.5%, 34.0% and 8.5% respectively. The prevalence was more in males than in the females. Strongyleeggs were more, compared to other helminthes eggs. For the Friesian Cattle, sixty (60) samples out of 75 samples analyzed were positive for either Strongyleeggs or Eimeria (oocyst) infection or both (mixed) constituting about 80% prevalence. Forty-two (70%) samples were positive for Strongyle eggs, 14 (23.3%) for Eimeria oocyst and 4 (6.7%) for mixed infection of both. From the overall prevalence, female had a high prevalence of 34(56.7%) than male cattle 26(43.3%). Based on the results of the present findings, it was concluded that gastrointestinal parasitic infections also occur during the dry season in Sokoto which may be as a result of carry-over of infection during the succeeding rainy season.

scholarly journals Exploration and prevalence of gastrointestinal worm in buffalo from West Java, Central Java, East Java and Lombok, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Wahyudin Abd. Karim ◽  
Achmad Farajallah ◽  
Bambang Suryobroto
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Free Living ◽  
West Java ◽  
Mcmaster Technique ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Faecal Samples

The studies of parasites in buffaloes have not been widely explored. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of gastrointestinal worm infection in buffaloes. The fresh faecal samples were collected from 89 buffaloes and observed by a modified McMaster technique. The faecal of buffaloes were collected in Bogor, Demak, East Java, and Lombok. The results of identification on gastrointestinal parasites show that there were one cestode and eight nematode. The total prevalence and infestation of cestodes and nematodes was found highest in Bogor. The prevalence and infestation of differences in geographical conditions were found highest in Bogor. The prevalence of gastrointestinal worm in males were highest than female, whereas for larger was found in females. The prevalence of gastrointestinal worms was found at age 1 year, whereas a larger infestation was found at the age of 1-5 years. The calculation of FEC in Bogor was 840 EPG, in Demak 375 EPG, in East Java 570 EPG and in Lombok 13 EPG. This study informed that there were nine genera of gastrointestinal worm found in Java and five genera in Lombok. Types larvae were found six i.e Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum and free living larvae.

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