Feeding practices and early childhood caries among children with primary dentition

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is major oral health problem of young children. Risk factors for ECC are poor oral hygiene and feeding practices. Prevalence and severity of ECC is increasing with change in lifestyle and diet pattern in developing countries. Objectives: To assess the association between feeding practices and severity of early childhood caries in preschool children. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with convenient sample of 96 children up to six years age in Peoples Dental College from July to December 2020. Clinical examination included the recording of dental caries (dmft) using WHO criteria. The self-validated questionnaire consisting seven questions about feeding practices was asked to mothers. The Chi-square test was performed to determine association between severity of ECC and feeding pattern. Results: Mean dmft was 6.77 ± 5.91. Prevalence of severe-ECC (S-ECC) was highest in youngest age group. Caries experience was similar in breast fed, bottle fed, and mixed. There was no significant difference in non-severe ECC and ECC in relation to duration of breast or bottle feeding but frequency of night feeding was associated with S-ECC. Children given ready-made infant formula solid food had more S-ECC (13, 92%) compared to non-severe ECC (1, 7.1%) which was statistically significant. Children given homemade gram flour food were noted to have less of S-ECC (5, 27.5%) than nonsevere ECC (13, 72.5%) which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Present study revealed that multiple night feeding and weaning with readymade food are significant factors for S-ECC.

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Evaluation of Possible Associated Factors for Early Childhood Caries and Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-40.2.118 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 118-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bugra Özen ◽

AJP Van Strijp ◽

Levent Özer ◽

Hulya Olmus ◽

Aysegul Genc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Pediatric Dentistry ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Childhood Caries

Objectives: The present study evaluated associated factors for developing early childhood caries (ECC) and Severe-ECC (S-ECC) in a group of children aged 24–71 months. Potential positive effects of early dental visit on formation of ECC is investigated as well. Study Design: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted at three governmental and university pediatric dentistry clinics in 408 preschool children who were randomly selected from a total of 4116 children. The questionnaires administered to the mothers by interview and intraoral examination performed by calibrated pediatric dentists. The children were evaluated in three groups according to their caries experience as who had caries free, ECC and S-ECC. Results: The following factors were significantly associated with caries formation: 1. Prolonged (i.e., >18 months) breastfeeding in preterm babies (OR=2.4) 2. Prolonged breastfeeding in children who started tooth brushing after 1.5 years of age (OR=3.7), 3. Sugar (p<0.001) and fruit-juice consumption (p<0.0001), and 4. Lack of periodic dental examination (p<0.05). Parental smoking habit does not significantly affect ECC development. Nocturnal bottle feeding and nocturnal feeding also affected S-ECC formation significantly (p=0.043 and p=0.005, respectively). Conclusions: There is a significant difference between the children with caries and caries-free associated with the brushing initiation age started before or after 18 months. If a child is under the risk of multiple caries factors, it is very difficult to evaluate which habits affect the caries formation or increase the severity of the caries lesions.

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Feeding Practices and Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study of Preschool Children in Kanpur District, India

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2013/275193 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Santhebachalli Prakasha Shrutha ◽

Grandim Balarama Gupta Vinit ◽

Kolli Yada Giri ◽

Sarwar Alam

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Oral Health Promotion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Falling Asleep ◽

Childhood Caries

Background. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a public health problem due to its impact on children’s health, development, and wellbeing. The objective of this study was to assess the caries experience in 3–5-year-old children and to evaluate the relationship with their mothers’ practices regarding feeding and oral hygiene habits in Kanpur. Method. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken on 2000 (974 boys and 1026 girls) children aged 3–5 years from a random sample of preschools in Kanpur district, India. Dental caries experience was recorded using WHO criteria. A pretested questionnaire with 9 questions was used for collecting information regarding mothers’ practices regarding feeding and oral hygiene practices. Chi-square test (χ2) and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results. The prevalence of ECC was 48% with mean dmft of 2.03 ± 2.99. Boys (57%) were affected more than girls (43%) which was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Caries prevalence was high and statistically significant (P<0.05) among those who were breast fed for longer duration, during nighttime, those falling asleep with bottle, and those fed with additional sugar in milk. Conclusion. Determining the role of feeding practices on early childhood caries can help in the development of appropriate oral health promotion strategies.

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Global Research Trends on Early-Life Feeding Practices and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review

Journal of Oral Diseases ◽

10.1155/2014/675658 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin W. Chaffee ◽

Ashley Cheng

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Life ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Independent Study ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over Time ◽

Childhood Caries

Objective. To describe the epidemiologic literature related to early-life feeding practices and early childhood caries (ECC) with regard to publication attributes and trends in these attributes over time. Methods. Systematic literature review including electronic and manual searches (in BIOSIS, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and WHOLIS), covering the years 1990–2013. Attributes of publications meeting a priori inclusion criteria were abstracted and organized by global region and trends over time. Attributes included country of origin and study design of included publications and age and caries prevalence of the populations studied. Results. 244 publications drawn from 196 independent study populations were included. The number of publications and the countries represented increased over time, although some world regions remained underrepresented. Most publications were cross-sectional (75%); while this percentage remained fairly constant over time, the percentage of studies to account for confounding factors increased. Publications varied with respect to the caries experience and age range of children included in each study. Conclusions. Publication productivity regarding feeding practices and ECC research has grown, but this growth has not been evenly distributed globally. Individual publication attributes (i.e., methods and context) can differ significantly and should be considered when interpreting and synthesizing the literature.

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Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1420 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manjunath P Puranik ◽

Deepa Bullappa ◽

KR Sowmya ◽

T Nagarathnamma

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mothers And Children ◽

Feeding Methods ◽

Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. The aim was to determine the relationship of feeding methods and oral Streptococcus mutans count in 3- to 5-year-old children with ECC. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 3 to 5 years. Participating mothers were interviewed regarding child's demographic profile, educational level and socioeconomic status of parents, past medical and dental history of the mother and child, child's feeding habits, and dietary habits and oral hygiene practices of mother and child. Clinical examination for dental caries was done using the World Health Organization criteria (1997). Salivary samples of mother–child pair were collected to determine the pH, flow rate, and S. mutans count. Statistical tests, such as Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were applied. Results Out of 150 mother–child pair, statistically significant difference in the caries experience was found between mothers and children with high and low S. mutans count. Moderate but statistically significant negative correlation was found between mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth of mothers and mean decayed, extracted and filled teeth (deft) of children with high S. mutans count. Regarding deft, there was no statistically significant difference between children who were exclusively breast fed (7.85 ± 2.94), exclusively bottle-fed (8.67 ± 3.98), and both breast and bottle-fed (7.77 ± 2.91). Conclusion The mean caries experience of mothers and children was 2.66 ± 2.01 and 7.82 ± 2.94 respectively, with decayed component being maximum. Moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.5) was found between S. mutans of mothers and children in saliva. Significant negative correlation was found between mothers and children with high S. mutans count (r = –0.0284; p = 0.046). How to cite this article Bullappa D, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR, Nagarathnamma T. Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):119-125.

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Reshuffling the Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries

10.20944/preprints201611.0005.v2 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Noha Kabil ◽

Sherif Eltaweil

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Dental Visit ◽

Preventive Program ◽

Common Chronic Disease ◽

Night Feeding ◽

Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽

Childhood Caries

Severe early childhood caries remains the most common chronic disease affecting children. Its multifactorial etiology has established a controversy about which risk factors were more significant to its development. Therefore our study aimed through meticulous statistical analysis to arrange the “well agreed upon” common risk factors in order of significance, to aid the clinician in tailoring an adequate preventive program for this affected age group. The study reshuffled the risk factors contributing to severe early childhood caries and placed them in the order of their significance as follows: snacking of sugary food several times a day, increased number of siblings to 3 or more, night feeding, child self-employed brushing, mother caries experience, 2 siblings, on demand feeding, once/day sugary food, sharing utensils, 1 Sibling, male gender, father’s education, late first child dental visit, brushing time, mother’s education, no dental visit, decreased brushing frequency & no night brushing.

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Firmicutes Levels in the Mouth Reflect the Gut Condition With Respect to Obesity and Early Childhood Caries

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.593734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Karina Ferreira Rizzardi ◽

Claudia Maria dos Santos Pereira Indiani ◽

Renata de Oliveira Mattos-Graner ◽

Emerson Tavares de Sousa ◽

Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Anatomical Location ◽

Obese Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Childhood Caries

The present cross-sectional study investigated whether Firmicutes (F) and Bacteroidetes (B) levels in the mouth reflected the gut condition in obesity and early childhood caries (ECC). Eighty preschoolers (3-5 years) were equally assigned into four groups: 1. obese + ECC, 2. obese + caries-free (CF), 3. eutrophic + ECC, and 4. eutrophic + CF. Nutritional status and ECC were assessed based on the WHO criteria. Dental biofilm and fecal samples were collected for F and B quantification using RT-PCR analysis. Data were evaluated using three-way-ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation (α = 0.05). Regardless of the anatomical location effect (p = 0.22), there were higher values for F in the obese children + ECC compared with those in obese + caries-free (CF) in both mouth and gut (p < 0.05). The correlation for F at these sites was negative in obese children + ECC (r = −0.48; p = 0.03) and positive in obese children + CF (r=0.50; p = 0.03). Bacteroidetes were influenced by ECC (p = 0.03) and the anatomical location (p = 0.00), and the levels tended to be higher in the mouth of the obese children + ECC (p = 0.04). The F/B ratio was higher in the gut and was affected by the anatomical location (p = 0.00). This preliminary study suggested that modulated by ECC, counts of oral Firmicutes reflected corresponding condition in the gut of obese preschoolers. In addition, we first evidenced that the Firmicutes phylum behave differently according to the nutritional status and caries experience and that supragingival biofilm and gut could share levels of similarity.

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Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels in Children with Different Caries Status- A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i42a32395 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147-154

Author(s):

Dhanalakshmi Ravikumar ◽

Pratibha Ramani ◽

R. Gayathri

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Young Children ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Observational Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Chewing Ability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Salivary Malondialdehyde ◽

Childhood Caries

Background and Objectives: Early childhood caries is a major public health problem especially in young children. ECC affects the quality of life of young children by affecting the chewing ability of children due to the development of pain and swelling, and this may indirectly affect the nutritional status of a child. The present study was done to assess the level of salivary malondialdehyde in children with and without Early childhood caries. The main objective of the study is to determine the salivary malondialdehyde levels and to compare it with the three groups of children with different caries experiences. Materials and Methods: It is cross-sectional observational research carried out at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Children between 3-6 years were examined and 20 caries-free, 20 children with ECC as well as 20 children with S-ECC were recruited for the study. The caries status was assessed using dmfs and the severity of caries was assessed using pufa index. Salivary samples were collected and analysed for salivary malondialdehyde levels. Statistical Analysis: The data was entered and analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. One-way ANOVA was done to determine the difference in malondialdehyde levels between the groups. “Post-hoc Tukey” test was done to measure the intergroup significance. A “P value of < 0.05” was measured as statistically “significant” and P < 0.001 was deemed as statistically “highly significant”. Pearson’s correlation was done to correlate pufa values with malondialdehyde levels. Results: The results demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference in salivary malondialdehyde levels among caries-free, ECC as well as S-ECC children. There was a positive correlation between the pufa score and salivary malondialdehyde levels. Conclusion: 1. There is a significant difference in the salivary malondialdehyde levels among caries-free, ECC as well as S-ECC children. There was a positive correlation of salivary malondialdehyde levels and pufa score in ECC and S-ECC children.

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Perilaku Ibu Yang Menyebabkan Terjadinya Rampan Karies Pada Anak Pra Sekolah

Dental Therapist Journal ◽

10.31965/dtj.v3i1.614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Syahrun Syahrun ◽

Pawarti Pawarti ◽

Halimah Halimah

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Early Stage ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Survey Method ◽

Population Number ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Implementation Phase ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Childhood Caries

Early Childhood caries is a multifactorial disease in which these factors interact. Factors of dental caries occurrence include factors from food, oral hygiene, and unhealthy habits such as food sucking and bottle feeding. Besides habitual and food factors, the condition that aggravates the caries incidence in these children is due to a parental misunderstanding of the underlying cause of caries, where the caries is triggered by giving off a sweet solution such as milk, using bottles and breast milk And the frequency of intensity is less precise. The general objective of the study was to find out the description of maternal behavior that led to the occurrence of early childhood caries in pre-school children. The type of this research is descriptive cross-sectional with survey method, the population number is 105 and sample amount 50, data collecting technique that is an early stage in the form of secondary data and dental examination, implementation phase in the form of an interview with mother to fill the questionnaire, research instrument consist of questionnaire to know Mother's behavior, examination sheet to know the stage of development of early childhood caries. The results of the study, 14 mothers (28%) aged <30 years were more likely to be very supportive of early childhood caries, 15 mothers (30%) of employment as laborers were strongly supportive of early childhood caries, 10 mothers (20%) with recent primary education Support for the occurrence of caries rampant, more than 22 children (44%) suffered caries damage stage, it was found that 23 mothers (46%) strongly supported the occurrence of early childhood caries, more children suffered caries damage stage 17 children (34%). The conclusion of this research, that most of the respondents aged> 30 years were 31 people (62%), more respondents with employment as 24 workers (48%), senior high school 18 (36%) and it is known that the behavior of more respondents strongly supports the occurrence of early childhood caries with the number of 23 people (46%). Rampan karies merupakan penyakit multifaktorial dimana faktor-faktor tersebut saling berinteraksi. Faktor kejadian karies gigi antara lain faktor dari makanan, kebersihan mulut dan kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang tidak sesuai dengan kesehatan seperti mengemut makanan dan pemberian makanan melalui botol. Selain dari faktor kebiasaan dan makanan, kondisi yang memperparah kejadian karies pada anak ini adalah karena ketidakpahaman orang tua terhadap penyebab utama terjadinya karies tersebut, dimana karies tersebut dipicu oleh pemberian larutan yang manis seperti air susu, menggunakan botol serta air susu ibu yang cara pemberian dan serta frekuensi intensitasnya kurang tepat. Tujuan umum penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku ibu yang menyebabkan terjadinya rampan karies pada anak prasekolah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif Cross-Sectional dengan metode survey, jumlah populasi 105 dan sampel berjumlah 50, teknik pengumpulan data yaitu tahap awal berupa pengambilan data sekunder dan pemeriksaan gigi, tahap pelaksanaan berupa wawancara dengan ibu untuk mengisi kuesioner, instrumen penelitian terdiri dari kuesioner untuk mengetahui perilaku ibu, lembar pemeriksaan untuk mengetahui tahap perkembangan rampan karies. Hasil penelitian 14 ibu (28%) berumur <30 tahun lebih banyak berperilaku sangat mendukung terjadinya rampan karies, 15 ibu (30%) pekerjaan sebagai buruh banyak berperilaku sangat mendukung terjadinya rampan karies, 10 ibu (20%) dengan pendidikan terakhir SD sangat mendukung terjadinya rampan karies, lebih banyak 22 anak (44%) menderita rampan karies tahap kerusakan, diketahui perilaku 23 orang ibu (46%) sangat mendukung terjadinya rampan karies, lebih banyak anak menderita rampan karies tahap kerusakan 17 anak (34%). Kesimpulan di dapatkan sebagian besar responden berumur> 30 tahun berjumlah 31 orang (62%), lebih banyak responden dengan pekerjaan sebagai buruh dengan jumlah 24 orang (48%), responden dengan tingkat pendidikan terakhir yaitu SLTA dengan jumlah 18 orang (36%) dan diketahui bahwa perilaku responden lebih banyak sangat mendukung terjadinya rampan karies dengan jumlah 23 orang (46%).

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Bacterial, behavioral and environmental factors associated with early childhood caries

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.26.2.t6601j3618675326 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Francisco Ramos-Gomez ◽

Jane Weintraub ◽

Stuart Gansky ◽

Charles Hoover ◽

John Featherstone

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Family Income ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Caries

The goals of this cross-sectional study were to characterize and compare demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors potentially associated with early childhood caries (ECC) and to assess salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) in underserved, predominantly Hispanic children. One hundred forty-six children aged 3 to 55 months with a range of caries experience were identified and examined. ECC was primarily associated with the presence of MS and lack of access to dental care. Salivary MS levels among young children with ECC were higher than would be expected in a dentally healthy population, but lower than levels reported among older children at high risk for caries.After adjustment for age, children with log10 MS ≥ 3.0 or log10 LB ≥ 1.5 were about five times as likely (OR=4.9, 95%CI=2.0,12.0) to have ECC than those with lower bacterial levels. This study demonstrated a significant association between relatively low cariogenic bacterial levels and dental caries in infants and toddlers. Antibiotic use, exposure to lead, and anemia were not significantly associated with the number of decayed and filled surfaces or decayed and filled teeth. ECC correlated significantly with child's age and lack of dental insurance of the children, as well as inversely with both family income and the educational level of the mother of the child.

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Fine-Mapping of Xq25.1–27.2 Shows Association of Early Childhood Caries with Genetic Variants Depending on Dietary Habits, Protecting Children Who Drink Milk before Going to Bed

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000495975 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 333-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zerrin Abbasoğlu ◽

Diego G. Bussaneli ◽

İlknur Tanboğa ◽

Indiara W. Henn ◽

Adriana Modesto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Chromosome Region ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Design Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic, infectious disease that affects the primary dentition of young children. It is the result of unequal contributions of risk factors and protective factors that influence the disease. The aim of this study was to assess if the X chromosome region previously linked to caries was associated with ECC. Two hundred and fifty-nine unrelated children with no chronic illnesses from 2 to 5 years of age who had no systemic fluoride consumption were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. Data on oral habits were obtained through a questionnaire, and caries experience data were collected by clinical examination. Twenty-three markers in ten genes were studied. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Regression analyses were performed comparing individuals with and without caries experience. Of 259 subjects, 123 were caries free. The markers in Xq25.1–27.2 were associated with ECC when children were using milk bottle for longer times (p = 0.01) and had more snacks over the course of a day (p = 0.05). Conversely, the markers in the X chromosome studied here were protective for ECC (p = 0.008) in children consuming milk before going to sleep. The genes located in the X chromosome possibly contribute to ECC and have an impact on ECC depending on the dietary habits.

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