scholarly journals Effects of Neem (Azadirachta indic) and Custard Apple (Annona reticulata) Diets on Sterility of House Rat (Rattus rattus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Prem Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Poorna Dass Dhaubaji Shrestha ◽  
Shiv Raj Chauhan ◽  
Vinita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Apple Seed ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Annona Reticulata

Three different plant products diets – i) neem (Azadirachta indic A. Juss) oil mixed diet (neem oil mixed @ 80 ml/kg of normal diet), ii) neem seed powder mixed diet (neem seed powder mixed @ 80 g/kg of normal diet) and iii) custard apple (Annona reticulata L.) seed powder mixed diet (custard apple seed powder mixed @ 80 g/kg of normal diet) were separately fed to mature rats (Rattus rattus) with single dose feeding of 80 g per pair in a day on 13th week-age during the experimenting years, 2012/013 and 2013/014. In control group only normal diet without neem and custard apple constituents were fed. Sterility test of rat was conducted up to 38 and 28 weeks-age in first and second year, respectively. The test rats were fed normal diet during whole experimenting periods except the one day when they were fed only the neem or custard apple mixed diet on the age of 13th week. Efficacy of the mixed diets on rat-sterility was determined based on pregnancy and parturition by the rats. The two years' results confirmed that all the tested three mixed diets – neem oil mixed diet, neem seed powder mixed diet, and custard apple seed powder mixed diet were effective to stop pregnancy and parturition in rats during whole experimenting periods up to 38 and 28 weeks-age with single dose feeding of 80 g per pair (40 gm/rat) in a day on 13th week-age of the rats; whereas the pregnancy and parturition were observed in the rats that were fed only the normal diet. It is expected, neem and custard apple mixed diets can be utilized in reducing the economically important rodent populations in rice-wheat cropping system in future.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015, pp.37-40

scholarly journals Effect of Bio-Pesticides on Mortality of Greater Wax Moth Galleria mellonella L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
S. Balpande ◽  
A. S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Apple Seed ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Kurstaki ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Percent Concentration

Galleria mellonella larvae feed on wax, pollen, honey and damage the combs with in active bee colonies and storage condition. Galleria mellonella larvae can bore tunnel and feed around the midrib base of the wax comb. Larvae produce silk fibers that can trap bee brood cells. Comb is completely covered with webbing and extracted matter of the larvae condition described as “Galleriasis”.  The study was carried out at Apiculture Lab of RVSKVV-ZARS-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Morena (M.P.) during 2019-20. Different three concentration of bio-pesticides viz., Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki  (1, 1.5 and 2%), custard apple seed extract (2, 4and 6%) and Neem Oil (1, 2 and 3%) were used against the Galleria mellonella to assess the effect of larval mortality at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after treatment. There was no significant effect showed in all the treatments after 24 hours. The maximum mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae was recorded in Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki 2.0 percent concentration (46.67, 87.08 and 96.67%) after 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively and it was at par with custard apple seed extract 6.0 percent concentration (45.83, 85.0 and 93.75%). Neem oil 3.0 percent concentration expressed 38.33, 75.42 and 87.50 percent larval mortality after 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. Whereas minimum mortality was noticed in Neem oil 1.0 percent at 48 hours (22.08%), at 72 hours (37.08%) and at 96 hours (56.25%) among the treatments. The higher concentration of all the three bio-pesticides was proved effectiveness against Galleria mellonella during investigation.

scholarly journals Deterrent effect of plant extracts against Callosobruchus maculatus on stored cowpea in Saurashtra (Gujarat, India)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Chudasama ◽  
N. B. Sagarka ◽  
Satyakumari Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Apple Seed ◽  
Custard Apple

A laboratory study was conducted at the JAU, Junagadh (Gujarat) during 2013-14 on the deterrent effect of different aqueous plant extracts against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored seeds of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.). Among different aqueous extracts of plants materials, maximum percentage of oviposition deterrence was observed in custard apple seed extract (67.19%), custard apple leaf extract (65.95%), neem seed extract (65.44%), mustard seed extract (64.65%) and jatropha leaf extract (64.16%) at 5 per cent concentration. The maximum adult emergence reduction was seen in custard apple seed extract (78.45%), custard apple leaf extract (77.14%) and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) (77.09%) at 5 per cent dose level. Minimum weight loss percentage was observed in the cowpea seeds treated with custard apple seed extract at 5% dose level, which recorded 79.20%. The results revealed that all of the tested materials with some variations had deterrent and toxic effects against the pest.

MODULATION OF TRIGLYCERIDES IN FEMALE RATTUS RATTUS WITH STEROID CONTRACEPTIVE ALGESTONE ACETOPHENIDE (DHPA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHOK KUMAR ◽  
ALPANA PARMAR ◽  
ANAND KUMAR BAJPEYEE
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Steroid Contraceptive

Young female Black rat (Rattus rattus), were administered monthly long acting steroid contraceptive to induce hypertriglyceridemia. It was observed that by 3 weeks of the second injection of estrogen containing mixed type of contraceptive, female rats developed consistent and frank hyperglyceridemia . TG in the treated rats was 195.8 ± 7.44 mg /100 ml as compared to 91.5 ± 6.27 mg/100ml in plasma of the control group.

Liver, Kidney Function Tests and Oxidative Damage During and after Treatment of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Experimental Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Salah Hasan ◽  
Ayman Barzan Abdulgafor ◽  
Maher Saber Owain ◽  
Mohammed Ali Hussein ◽  
Qusay Mohammed Aboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to evaluate the liver, kidney damage caused by S. typhimurium and to estimate the oxidative damage in association with this bacteria. A highly virulent isolates of S. typhimurium were obtained from the department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad. A twenty five local rabbits of both genders with age range (2-4 months) weeks old were used for this study, the rabbits were divided randomly into five groups each group contains 5 rabbits :- group 1: drenched orally with 5 ml of normal saline and consider as control group, group 2: were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium and regarded as infected group, group 3 were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which have (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation), group 4 were drenched (5 ml) suspension having (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of Ca-EDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and group 5 were drenched (5 ml) suspension that contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of combined gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation).The results of biochemical profile showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in ALT, creatinine and urea levels in infected group as compared with control group, while, the treated groups especially group 5 showed a significant improvement in ALT, Urea and creatinine levels which returned to relative normal levels as compared with infected group after 96hrs. post treatment. Also, the results of oxidative stress showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA in G2, G3, G4 and G5 after 48 hrs. post treatment, while the level of GSH showed a significant decrease in the level at 48hrs., both were returned to relative normal levels after 96hrs.post treatment especially in group 5.In conclusion, S. typhimurium can causing liver and kidney damage which is manifested by increase ALT, Urea and Creatinine. Also, MDA and GSH is increased due to salmonellosis.

TOKSISITAS AKUT INFUSA KULIT ARI KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogea L.) PADA MENCIT BALB/ C

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Risha Fillah Fithria ◽  
Ririn Lispita Wulandari ◽  
Devi Nisa Hidayati ◽  
Lilis Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Passive Behavior

ABSTRACTPeanut shell (PS) infusion has been shown to be antithrombocytopenia, but there has been no research on safety standards. This study aims to identify the symptoms of toxic effects, the potency of toxicity and histopathology of liver male Balb/C mice after a single dose of PS infusion. This research uses randomized matched posttest only control group design. Twenty five mice were divided into 5 orally dosage groups, ie, PS infusion with a dose of 0,026; 0.052; 0.104; 0.208 g/20gBW; and negative control of CMC Na 0.5%. The observation period is for 14 days. The results showed that single dose of PS infusion had a pseudo LD50 value ie > 0.208g/20gBW which was practically non toxic. Symptoms to watch out for the BW infusion were passive behavior, bradycnea, hair color change, hair loss, and weight loss at doses of 3 and 4. It is unclear whether liver damage ie inflammation, necrosis, and albuminous degeneration caused by PS infusion or other causes.keywords: acute toxicity, infusion, peanut shell

Protective effect of green tea extract against cadmium-induced testicular damage in rats in respect of oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium and androgen production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Basma El-Desoky ◽  
Shaimaa El-Sayed ◽  
El-Said El-Said
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Tea Extract

Objective: Investigating the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on the testicular damage induced by cadmium chloride CdCl2 in male rats. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: 40 male Wistar rats. Procedures: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: A) control group (each rat daily received pellet diet); B) GTE group each rat daily received pellet diet as well as 3 ml of 1.5 % w/v GTE, C) CdCl2 group each rat was I/P injected a single dose of 1 mg/kg CdCl2, then daily received pellet diet, and D) CdCl2+GTE group each rat was I/P injected a single dose of 1 mg/kg CdCl2 then daily received pellet diet as well as 3 ml of 1.5 % w/v GTE. After 30 days, blood samples were collected for hormonal assays (testosterone, FSH, and LH). In addition, both testes were collected; one of them was used for quantification of 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III (17β-HSDIII) gene expression using a real-time PCR. The other testis was used for determination of catalase and reduced glutathione; GSH, Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results: CdCl2 decreased serum testosterone levels and its synthesis pathway (17β-HSDIII testicular gene expression). While antioxidants catalase and GSH were reduced, oxidants MDA were enriched in the testes of CdCl2-poisoned rats. This CdCl2-promoted testicular dysfunction was corrected via the administration of GTE to male rats. Conclusion and clinical relevance: GTE could be used as a remedy for protecting against CdCl2-induced testicular damage in male rats.

Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ketorolac for Postoperative Pain Management After Primary Palatoplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study With Historical Controls

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110128
Author(s):  
Jason R. Stein ◽  
Esperanza Mantilla-Rivas ◽  
Marudeen Aivaz ◽  
Md Sohel Rana ◽  
Ishwarya Shradha Mamidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Postoperative Hemorrhage ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Opioid Dose ◽  
Historical Controls

Objective: To analyze safety and efficacy of single-dose ketorolac after primary palatoplasty (PP). Design: Consecutive cohort of patients undergoing PP, comparing to historical controls. Setting: A large academic children’s hospital. Patients, Participants: A consecutive cohort of 111 patients undergoing PP (study n = 47) compared to historical controls (n = 64). Interventions: All patients received intraoperative acetaminophen, dexmedetomidine, and opioids while the study group received an additional single dose of ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg) at the conclusion of PP. Main Outcome Measures: Safety of ketorolac was measured by significant bleeding complications and need for supplementary oxygen. Efficacy was assessed through bleeding, Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) scale, and opioid dose. Results: Length of stay was similar for both groups (control group 38.5 hours [95% CI: 3.6-43.3] versus study group 37.6 hours [95% CI: 31.3-44.0], P = .84). There were no significant differences in all postoperative FLACC scales. The mean dose of opioid rescue medication measured as morphine milligram equivalents did not differ between groups ( P = .56). Significant postoperative hemorrhage was not observed. Conclusions: This is the first prospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-dose ketorolac after PP. Although lack of standardization between study and historical control groups may have precluded observation of an analgesic benefit, analysis demonstrated a single dose of ketorolac after PP is safe. Further investigations with more patients and different postoperative regimens may clarify the role of ketorolac in improving pain after PP.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum ATG-K2 and ATG-K6 Ameliorates High-Fat with High-Fructose Induced Intestinal Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4444
Author(s):  
Miey Park ◽  
Eun-Jung Park ◽  
So-Hyeun Kim ◽  
Hae-Jeung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
High Fructose

Obesity has become a worldwide health problem, and many significant inflammatory markers have been associated with the risk of side effects of obesity and obesity-related diseases. After a normal diet or high-fat diet with high-fructose water (HFHF) for 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups according to body weight. Next, for 8 weeks, a normal diet, HFHF diet, and HFHF diet with L. plantarum strains ATG-K2 or ATG-K6 were administered orally. Compared to the control group, the HFHF diet group showed significantly increased visceral fat, epididymal fat, and liver weight. The mRNA and protein expression levels of FAS and SREBP-1c were higher in the HFHF diet group than in the HFHF diet with L. plantarum strains ATG-K2 and ATG-K6. The HFHF diet with L. plantarum strain ATG-K2 showed significantly decreased inflammatory cytokine expression in the serum and small intestine compared to the HFHF diet group. Furthermore, histological morphology showed minor cell injury, less severe infiltration, and longer villi height in the small intestine ileum of the HFHF diet with L. plantarum strains groups than in the HFHF diet group. These results suggest that L. plantarum strains K2 and K6 may help reduce intestinal inflammation and could be used as treatment alternatives for intestinal inflammatory reactions and obesity.

scholarly journals Vasoactive Effects of Acute Ergot Exposure in Sheep

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Rossalin Yonpiam ◽  
Jair Gobbet ◽  
Ashok Jadhav ◽  
Kaushik Desai ◽  
Barry Blakley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Vascular Sensitivity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Ergotism is a common and increasing problem in Saskatchewan’s livestock. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of ergot alkaloids is known to cause severe arterial vasoconstriction and gangrene through the activation of adrenergic and serotonergic receptors on vascular smooth muscles. The acute vascular effects of a single oral dose with high-level exposure to ergot alkaloids remain unknown and are examined in this study. This study had two main objectives; the first was to evaluate the role of α1-adrenergic receptors in mediating the acute vasocontractile response after single-dose exposure in sheep. The second was to examine whether terazosin (TE) could abolish the vascular contractile effects of ergot alkaloids. Twelve adult female sheep were randomly placed into control and exposure groups (n = 6/group). Ergot sclerotia were collected and finely ground. The concentrations of six ergot alkaloids (ergocornine, ergocristine, ergocryptine, ergometrine, ergosine, and ergotamine) were determined using HPLC/MS at Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., (Saskatoon, SK, Canada). Each ewe within the treatment group received a single oral treatment of ground ergot sclerotia at a dose of 600 µg/kg BW (total ergot) while each ewe in the control group received water. Animals were euthanized 12 h after the treatment, and the pedal artery (dorsal metatarsal III artery) from the left hind limb from each animal was carefully dissected and mounted in an isolated tissue bath. The vascular contractile response to phenylephrine (PE) (α1-adrenergic agonist) was compared between the two groups before and after TE (α1-adrenergic antagonist) treatment. Acute exposure to ergot alkaloids resulted in a 38% increase in vascular sensitivity to PE compared to control (Ctl EC50 = 1.74 × 10−6 M; Exp EC50 = 1.079 × 10−6 M, p = 0.046). TE treatment resulted in a significant dose-dependent increase in EC50 in both exposure and control groups (p < 0.05 for all treatments). Surprisingly, TE effect was significantly more pronounced in the ergot exposed group compared to the control group at two of the three concentrations of TE (TE 30 nM, p = 0.36; TE 100 nM, p < 0.001; TE 300 nM, p < 0.001). Similar to chronic exposure, acute exposure to ergot alkaloids results in increased vascular sensitivity to PE. TE is a more potent dose-dependent antagonist for the PE contractile response in sheep exposed to ergot compared to the control group. This study may indicate that the dry gangrene seen in sheep, and likely other species, might be related to the activation of α1-adrenergic receptor. This effect may be reversed using TE, especially at early stages of the disease before cell death occurs. This study may also indicate that acute-single dose exposure scenario may be useful in the study of vascular effects of ergot alkaloids.

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