scholarly journals An Overview of Neonatal Admissions at College of Medical Sciences (COMS)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Gurubacharya ◽  
RL Gurubacharya
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Key Words Newborn ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To know the profile of newborn admissions and its outcome and the factors associated with neonatal mortality. Methods: The study included both intramural and extramural cases of 180 newborn babies admitted in nursery over a period of 6 months from 01/08/06 to 31/01/07. The relevant data were recorded on a pre-designed proforma meticulously. Results: There were 180 newborn babies during the study period. The mean birth was 2.7 kg.. Majority, 77.8 %( 140) of the babies weighed equal to or more than 2.5 kg. Low birth weight (LBW) was seen in 22.2 %( 40) babies. There were 80 %( 144) full term babies and 20 %( 36) preterm babies. Majority of the mothers in the age group between 20-30 years had incomplete antenatal check- ups. There were 86 %( 155) normal vaginal deliveries, 4.5 %( 8) forceps deliveries and 9.5 %( 17) caesarean sections. Birth/perinatal asphyxia 39(22%), prematurity 36(20%) and neonatal septicemia 30(17%) comprised of leading admissions. There were 27deaths (15%) in total.13 (7%), 8(5%) and 6(3%) babies died of severe perinatal asphyxia, neonatal septicemia and prematurity respectively. Most of the deaths occurred during the first 72 hours. Conclusions: The mean birth weight is good. The major causes of neonatal death are birth/perinatal asphyxia, prematurity and neonatal septicemia. The factors influencing neonatal mortality are low and poor antenatal care, meconium stained liquor, delay in coming to the hospital, PROM, eclampsia. The study emphasises the importance of regular antenatal care, timely referral of pregnant women with complications to appropriate centers and conducting delivery in a clean environment for lowering neonatal mortality. Key words: newborn, admission, neonatal outcome, asphyxia   doi:10.3126/jnps.v27i2.1413   J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.27(2) p.73-74

scholarly journals Pregnancy outcome of the obese in Ilorin

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Adesina ◽  
S Aderibigbe ◽  
A Fawole ◽  
M Ijaiya ◽  
A Olarinoye
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background Obesity is a nutritional disorder that is fast becoming a public health issue in the developing world. It is associated with increased incidence of maternal complications and adverse perinatal outcome. Methods and results This is a case-control study of obesity in pregnancy carried out in the maternity wing of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The subjects and controls were 156 obese and 80 non-obese women booked at this hospital for antenatal care. The controls were matched for age and parity. Obesity occurred more commonly among the well educated ( P = 0.00) and those in social classes I and II ( P = 0.00). The occurrence of other medical conditions was not significantly different. The obese women also had more caesarean sections ( P = 0.00), more assisted vaginal deliveries ( P = 0.00) and fewer spontaneous vaginal deliveries ( P = 0.00) than the non-obese parturients. The mean birth weight of infants of the obese mothers was 4.06 ± 0.13 kg (mean±SD) while the mean for the controls was 3.36 ± 0.49 kg. The difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.000). Also, the obese parturients had more macrosomic babies (defined as birth weight >4.2 kg) than the non-obese ( P = 0.00). The risks of perinatal asphyxia, birth trauma, neonatal admission and low birth weight were not increased among obese women in this study. Conclusion This study suggests that in our community, obesity occurs more commonly among women of high socioeconomic status and is a risk factor for maternal and fetal complications.

scholarly journals Neonatal outcome in new-borns admitted in NICU of tertiary care hospital in central India: a 5-year study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Verma ◽  
Shweta Anand ◽  
Nawal Kapoor ◽  
Sharad Gedam ◽  
Umesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Hyaline Membrane

Background: Neonatal mortality rate contributes significantly to under five mortality rates. Data obtained from pattern of admission and outcome may uncover various aspects and may contribute and help in managing resources, infrastructure, skilled hands for better outcome in future.Methods: This retrospective study was done on 1424 neonates who were admitted at LN Medical College and JK Hospital, Bhopal in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the Department of Paediatrics from January 2013-December 2017.Results: 1424 newborns admitted within 24 hours of birth were included in the study. About 767 were male neonates, (Male: female1.16:1). The low birth weight babies were 54% in our study. Among the various causes of NICU admission, Respiratory distress was present in 555 (39%) of neonates, Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease) being the most common cause of respiratory distress. Neonatal sepsis accounted for morbidity in 24% of neonates, with Klebsiella being the most common organism grown in the blood culture. The incidence of congenital anomalies was 2.5%. The neonatal mortality was found to be 11% in our study. Prematurity with Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease) and perinatal asphyxia were the two most common causes of neonatal mortality in the study. Extremely low birth weight neonates had the highest case fatality rate in the study, which indicates the need to develop an efficient group of professionals in teaching hospitals who will provide highly specialized and focused care to this cohort of vulnerable neonates.Conclusions: Present study has shown respiratory distress, perinatal asphyxia, and sepsis as the predominant causes of neonatal morbidity. All three are preventable causes, and our health-care programs should be directed toward addressing the risk factors in the community responsible for the development of these three morbidities. The preterm and low birth weight babies had significantly high mortality even with standard intensive care; therefore, a strong and effective antenatal program with extensive coverage of all pregnant females specifically in outreach areas should be developed which will help in decreasing preterm deliveries and also lower the incidence of low birth weight babies.

Incidences Of Nasal Septal Deviation And Its Effect On Surgical Success In Patients With Congenital Nasolacrimal Dacryostenosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fatma esin özdemir ◽  
selin Üstün Bezgin ◽  
Zeliha Karademir
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Septal Deviation ◽  
Nasal Septal Deviation ◽  
Surgical Success ◽  
Time Of Surgery ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Abstract OBJECTIVE: An investigation of incidences of nasal septal deviation (NSD) and its effect on surgical success in patients with congenital nasolacrimal dacryostenosis (CNLDO).METHODS: A retrospective review was made of the medical records of patients who presented to the ophthalmology clinic due to epiphora, were diagnosed with CNLDO and underwent probing. The diagnosis was established by history, clinical examination, and fluorescein disappearance test (FDT)1. Patients with FDT grade 2 and 3 underwent surgery. Success was defined as postoperative FDT grade 0–1. The patients were assessed in terms of gestational week, birth weight, type of delivery, nasal endoscopic examination findings (presence of NSD), time of surgery, treatments received, recurrence and complications.RESULTS: The study comprised 72 eyes of 58 patients who were diagnosed with CNLDO and underwent surgical treatment. Of the patients, 44 (75.86%) had unilateral, and 14 (24.14%) had bilateral CNLDO; 41 (56.94%) were female and 31 (43.06%) were male. The mean gestational age at birth was 38.01 weeks (32–41 weeks), the mean birth weight was 3321.25 (2020–4500 g), the number of cases delivered by cesarean section was 40 (55.56%), and 32 (44.44%) were vaginal deliveries. There were 13 (18.06%) patients with detected NSD after endonasal examination and 59 (81.94%) patients with normal endonasal examination in the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department. The time of surgery was 10 –34 months (mean: 19.06 months, SD: 5.73), the length of follow-up was 6–16 months (mean: 9.90 months, SD: 2.58). The rate of probing success was 80.6% (58 eyes), and there was recurrence in 19.4% (14 eyes).The success rate of the probing did not statistically significantly differ by gender (p=0.323), the mean birth week (p=0.123), the mean birth weight (p=0.186), the involved eye (p=0.891), the type of delivery (p=0.891), the mean length of follow-up (months) (p=0.701), the mean month of surgery (p=0.607), and the side of NSD (p=0.853). The incidence of NSD was statistically significantly higher in the group in which the probing failed, than in the group in which the probing was successful (p=0.004).CONCLUSION: NSD was identified in 18% of the patients who were diagnosed with CNLDO and underwent surgery. The incidence of NSD was significantly higher in the group where the probing procedure failed. Pre-treatment nasal endoscopy is important for the treatment planning and prognosis of CNLDO patients.

scholarly journals Trends in Neonatal Mortality at a Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Srijana Basnet ◽  
Laxman Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Live Births

Introduction: Neonatal services at Tribhuvan University Teaching hospital (TUTH) was essentially up to level II till year 2008 and upgraded to level III care in later years. A 4 years retrospective study was carried out at TUTH, Kathmandu, Nepal to determine any change in the trend of neonatal mortality after the improvement in its services. Materials and Methods: Labor room record book, neonatal record book, perinatal audit data and neonatal record charts were used to collect the data. Results: During the study period, there were total of 15063 live births. The neonatal mortality ranges from 9.46 to 14.88 per 1000 live births per year. There was no significant fall in trend of neonatal mortality (x2 for linear trend=1.40, p=0.23). There was also no significant fall in trend in perinatal mortality rates over this period (x2 for linear trend=1.92, p=0.16).The number of neonates referred to other hospitals has been significantly reduced by 61%.(x2 for linear trend=33.18, p<0.001). Majority of the neonatal deaths (72%) occurred within first 7 days of life and more than a third (39%) died within the first 24 hours of life. Respiratory distress syndrome, perinatal asphyxia and neonatal sepsis were three major causes of death. Deaths due to respiratory distress and perinatal asphyxia has not changed significantly over the years (p=0.4 and 0.25 respectively). Incidence of low birth weight ranges from 10.8 – 16.1% of total live births. 63% of neonatal mortality occurred in low birth weight babies. This trend has not changed in over the years (x2=1.03, p=0.31). Conclusion: With the improvement in the services, though neonatal mortality remained unchanged, referral rates and mortality due to respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity has decreased. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8957   J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):213-217

scholarly journals Antenatal care services and its implications for vital and health outcomes of children: evidence from 193 surveys in 69 low-income and middle-income countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e017122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Kuhnt ◽  
Sebastian Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

ObjectivesAntenatal care (ANC) is an essential part of primary healthcare and its provision has expanded worldwide. There is limited evidence of large-scale cross-country studies on the impact of ANC offered to pregnant women on child health outcomes. We investigate the association of ANC in low-income and middle-income countries with short- and long-term mortality and nutritional child outcomes.SettingWe used nationally representative health and welfare data from 193 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1990 and 2013 from 69 low-income and middle-income countries for women of reproductive age (15–49 years), their children and their respective household.ParticipantsThe analytical sample consisted of 752 635 observations for neonatal mortality, 574 675 observations for infant mortality, 400 426 observations for low birth weight, 501 484 observations for stunting and 512 424 observations for underweight.Main outcomes and measuresOutcome variables are neonatal and infant mortality, low birth weight, stunting and underweight.ResultsAt least one ANC visit was associated with a 1.04% points reduced probability of neonatal mortality and a 1.07% points lower probability of infant mortality. Having at least four ANC visits and having at least once seen a skilled provider reduced the probability by an additional 0.56% and 0.42% points, respectively. At least one ANC visit is associated with a 3.82% points reduced probability of giving birth to a low birth weight baby and a 4.11 and 3.26% points reduced stunting and underweight probability. Having at least four ANC visits and at least once seen a skilled provider reduced the probability by an additional 2.83%, 1.41% and 1.90% points, respectively.ConclusionsThe currently existing and accessed ANC services in low-income and middle-income countries are directly associated with improved birth outcomes and longer-term reductions of child mortality and malnourishment.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Kematian Neonatal Dini di Rumah Sakit Bersalin

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Andi Zulkifli Abdullah ◽  
M. Furqaan Naiem ◽  
Nurul Ulmy Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Early Neonatal Mortality

Angka kematian bayi di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi, kematian neona- tal 50% terjadi pada bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) dan lebih dari 50% ke- matian bayi adalah kematian neonatal dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor antenatal care (ANC), status imunisasi Tetanus Toxoid (TT) ibu hamil, anemia pada saat hamil, berat lahir, status paritas, dan status hipotermia terhadap kematian neonatal dini. Penelitian meng- gunakan desain penelitian case control di Rumah Sakit Bersalin Kota Makassar dengan sampel 40 kasus dan 120 kontrol. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung dengan responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko kejadian kematian neonatal dini meliputi ANC (nilai p = 0,000; odds ratio, OR = 7,333; CI 95% = 2,966 - 18,129), status imunisasi TT (nilai p = 0,000; OR = 19,205; CI 95% = 7,902 - 46,678), anemia ibu hamil (nilai p = 0,000; OR = 32,818; CI 95% = 7,549 - 142,674), berat lahir (nilai p = 0,000; OR = 122,212; CI 95% = 32,324 - 462,068), status paritas (nilai p = 0,000; OR = 5,537; CI 95% = 2,029 - 15,111), status asfiksia (ni- lai p = 0,000; OR = 8,197; CI 95% = 0,452 - 2,745). Status hipotermia bukan merupakan faktor risiko kematian neonatal dini (nilai p = 0,815; OR = 1,114; CI 95% = 3,646 mukan bahwa berat lahir bayi merupakan faktor yang paling berisiko ter- hadap kematian neonatal dini (nilai p = 0,000). Kata kunci: Faktor risiko kematian, neonatal dini, angka kematian bayi, bayi berat lahir rendahAbstractInfant mortality rate in Indonesia is still high. Fifty percent of the neonatal mortality occurred among low birth weight infants (LBWI) and neonatal mortality within 7 days of life accounted for 50% of total infant mortalities. This study was aimed to examine the extent of early neonatal mortality risk by antenatal care (ANC), Tetanus Toxoid (TT) immunization status of pregnant women, anemia during pregnancy, birth weight of neonatal, parity status, and hypothermia status.This study was a case control study with direct interview to respondents, conducted in the Maternity Hospital of Makassar with 40 cases and 120 controls. Samples were selected by purposive sam- pling. Study results indicated that risk factor of early neonatal mortality were ANC (p value = 0,000; odds ratio, OR = 7,33; CI 95% = 2,966 - 18,129), TT immunization status (p value = 0,000; OR = 19,205; CI 95% = 7,902 - 46,678), pregnancy anemia (p value = 0,000; OR = 32,818; CI 95% = 7,549 - 142,674), birth weight (p value = 0,000; OR = 122,212; CI 95% = 32,324 - 462,068), parity status (p value = 0,000; OR = 5,537; CI 95% = 2,029 - 15,111), asphyxia status (p value = 0,000; OR = 8,197; CI 95% = 0,452 - 2,745), whereas hypothermia status (p value = 0,815; OR = 1,114; 0,452 - 2,745) was not a risk factor. Results of logistic regression multivariate analysis indicated that infant’s birth weight was the most risk factor of early neonatal mortality (p value = 0,000). Specific surveillance program for high risk neonatal needed to be arranged in all health centers.Key words: Mortality risk factor, early neonatal, infant mortality rate, low birth weight infants

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of episiotomy and perineal tear at a tertiary hospital in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4595
Author(s):  
Peter A. Awoyesuku ◽  
Dickson H. John ◽  
Basil O. Altraide
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Perineal Tear ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
The Mean

Background: Despite many years of it being practiced, episiotomy has remained a controversial operation. The rate is on the decline in developed countries but remains high in developing countries. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of episiotomy and perineal tear, and to assess the associated factors, at the Rivers state university teaching hospital (RSUTH).Methods: A retrospective study over a two-year period, from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2019, was carried out. All women who had singleton spontaneous vaginal deliveries (SVD) with episiotomy or perineal tear at the RSUTH with complete records were included, those with twin delivery and incomplete data were excluded. Data was retrieved from the birth registers and case notes using a proforma. Information on maternal age, parity, gestational age (GA), type of injury, birth weight, head circumference and Apgar scores were extracted. Data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results: There were 2150 vaginal deliveries, with 440 (20.5%) receiving episiotomy, while 21 (1.0%) had perineal tear. The mean age±standard deviation (SD) was 29.52±4.97 years, median parity was 1, and mean GA±SD was 37.35±1.71 weeks. The mean birth weight±SD was 3.33±0.52 kg and mean head circumference±SD was 34.76±1.90 cm. There was significant association between maternal parity and fetal birth weight with the occurrence of episiotomy and perineal tears.Conclusions: The rate of episiotomy and perineal tear was higher than recommended, with an increasing trend. The lower the parity and the higher the fetal birth weight, the likelihood to receive an episiotomy. More efforts are needed to reduce the rate.

scholarly journals Metformin Vs Insulin for Treatment of Gestational Diabetes-A Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3448-3451
Author(s):  
Dr.L. Pranathi ◽  
Dr.V. Rama Devi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Group I ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: The incidence of gestational diabetes is increasing day by day. It carries a risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes affecting the normal quality of life of pregnant females and babies. Aim: To compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes in women treated with metformin versus insulin for the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: We carried a prospective, randomized controlled trial on 80 patients with gestational diabetes at Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana State from January 2014 to June 2015. The sample was categorized randomly into Group I (n=40) who received Metformin with insulin and Group II (n=40) who received insulin. various outcome measures like birth weight of babies, maternal gain in birth weight, mode of delivery, BMI of mothers were measured and compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.35 ± 4.02 and 30.21 ± 4.14 years in metformin and insulin groups respectively, with the difference being statistically insignificant (p=0.2152). The mean gestational age of the patients at the beginning of study was 29.32±2.60 and 30.02±2.13 weeks in metformin and insulin groups respectively, with the difference being statistically insignificant (p=0.1916). Conclusion: Patients with gestational diabetes can be safely given metformin as it shows less maternal side effects and is also preferred when compared to subcutaneous insulin by mothers.

scholarly journals Survival and mortality of preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit in Northern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gdiom Gebreheat ◽  
Hirut Teame
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Mean Survival Time

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the predictors of preterm neonatal survival in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A cohort study was conducted retrospectively on 1017 preterm neonates using medical records from January 2014 through December 2018. The Kaplan–Meier model was used to estimate mean survival time and cumulative survival probability. Furthermore, Multivariable Cox regression analysis was run to identify predictors of preterm neonatal mortality using an adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) at P < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval (CI). During the follow-up period in the NICU, the mean survival time of the preterm neonates was 47 (95% CI (43.19–48.95)) days. Compound presentation (AHR = 2.29, 95% CI (1.23–4.24)), perinatal asphyxia (AHR = 2.83, 95% CI (1.75–4.58)), respiratory distress syndrome (AHR = 3.01, 95% CI (1.80–5.01)), 1-min APGAR score (AHR = 0.78, 95% CI (0.62–0.98)), and birth weight (AHR = 0.32, 95% CI (0.17–0.58)) were found to be significant predictors of time to preterm neonatal mortality. In conclusion, the survival probability of preterm neonates showed a considerable decrement in the first week of life. Fetal presentation, gestational age, birth weight, 1-min APGAR score, perinatal asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome found as independent predictors of preterm neonatal mortality.

Neonatal Mortality: Effects of Selective Pediatric Interventions

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Adekunle H. Dawodu ◽  
Charles E. Effiong
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
College Hospital

A previous prospective study of neonatal mortality in babies receiving special care at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, revealed that respiratory failure associated with prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, and congenital malformations were the major causes of high neonatal mortality. To improve survival, selective measures were taken to improve care of low-birth-weight infants and prevent or treat intrapartum and postnatal hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hypothermia. A change in the initial antibiotic management of suspected septicemia to the use of cloxacillin and an aminoglycoside was also introduced, based on the current knowledge of etiologic agents and their antimicrobial sensitivities. In the 5-year period (1976 to 1980), the neonatal mortality in babies weighing 2,500 g and more at birth dropped significantly from 1.2% to 0.7% (P &lt; .02). The case fatality rates from birth asphyxia and neonatal sepsis dropped by 48% and 32%, respectively. Despite therapeutic interventions, however, the neonatal mortality in babies with birth weight of 1,000 g or less, 1,001 to 1,500 g, 1,501 to 2,000 g, and 2,001 to 2,499 g remained unchanged at about 82%, 25%, 9%, and 3%, respectively. These results suggest that early identification of infants at risk of developing birth asphyxia or neonatal septicemia and institution of prompt and appropriate management could produce a significant reduction in mortality in infants of normal birth weight. Survival of low-birth-weight infants requires additional high technical, financial, and manpower resources, which most centers in developing countries cannot afford at the present time. Therefore, efforts are probably better concentrated on decreasing the incidence of low birth weight.

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