scholarly journals Role of sonography done by clinicians/surgery residents in the diagnosis and management of clinically palpable breast lumps

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
AS Thapa ◽  
R Ghimire ◽  
R Joshi ◽  
UMS Dongol ◽  
DR Singh

Introduction and Objective: The aim of the study is to correlate the sonographic findings of breast ultrasound done by clinicians/surgery residents with radiologists and also to correlate the sonographic findings of breast ultrasound with cytopathological or histopathological findings.Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study conducted at KMCTH from March 2014 to March 2015. All consecutive patients presenting with clinically palpable breast lumps were included in the study. A sample size of 30 patients was taken. All patients with clinically palpable solid breast lumps were subjected to ultrasound by a clinician/surgical resident. Ethical clearance was taken from the institutional review board and informed consent was taken from the individual patients.Results: We found that the sonography done by clinicians/surgery residents had 100% sensitivity, 84.6% specificity and PPV of 50%. There was significant correlation between the findings of the surgery residents and radiologists and the cytopathology/histopathology as well.Conclusion: Breast Sonography performed by clinicians/surgery residents is comparable to radiologists in the diagnosis of clinically palpable breast lumps. It has good correlation with cytopathological and histopathological findings.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285
Author(s):  
Manoj Krishna C ◽  
Narendra M. C. ◽  
Mutheeswaraiah Y ◽  
Venkata Prakash G ◽  
Nagamuneiah S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Sumedha Laul ◽  
Divish Saxena ◽  
Nitin Wasnik

Background: A palpable lump in a woman’s breast could be benign or malignant and it requires prompt evaluation to confirm or exclude cancer. This study aims to establish the correlation between clinical and radiological parameters for provisional diagnosis of breast lumps and the role of histopathology for final diagnosis of these breast lumps.Methods: Total 275 female patients with palpable breast lumps were included in the study, where a detailed history was recorded and clinical examination was done. All patients underwent ultrasonography of the breast along with fine needle aspiration cytology or histopathology, wherever indicated.Results: Benign breast lumps were found more commonly in 18-30 years of age group whereas malignant breast lumps were seen more commonly in the 41-60 years age group and the incidence increased with age. Fixity to skin was present in 5.1% and fixity to chest wall was present in 5.8% respectively, and all of these cases turned out to be malignant.Conclusions: Attributing factors for suspicion of malignant lumps are advanced age, fixity to surrounding structures, presence of ulceration and peau’d orange breast skin appearance. Although for confirmation of malignancy from a suspected breast lump requires either cytology or histopathology of the excised specimen.


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (212) ◽  
pp. 787-790
Author(s):  
Anamika Jha

Introduction: Elastrography used in addition to grey scale sonography increases its specificity. Elasticity contrast index (ECI) is based on strain elastrography and being a quantitative parameter, maybe more easy to obtain and reproducible while researches has been done in ECI in thyroid lesions, this is the first study, to the best of our knowledge to evaluate in breast lesions. This study was done to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Elasticity Contrast Index (ECI) in differentiating benign from malignant lesions of breast and to determine its cutoff value. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done at tertiary health care centre, which involved retrospective evaluation of data collected from September 2016 to March 2017. Conventional sonography was done followed by elastography on commercially available ultrasound machine. ECI was calculated in thyroid protocol available in the unit. Histopathological diagnosis was obtained for all the lesions and taken as gold standard. Results: A total of 89 breast lumps were evaluated, of which was 61 (69.3%) were benign and 27 (30.7%) malignant on histopathology. Independent t test revealed the average ECI value of benign lesions was 2.48 and malignant 5.1. Receiver operating curve showed ECI value of 3.25 as the cutoff, above which the lesions were malignant. Conclusions: ECI is a quantitative elastography technique which can be easily used as an adjunct during breast sonography and can increase its specificity for diagnosing a lesion as malignant. This could reduce the number of false positive biopsies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iju Shrestha ◽  
Banshi Krishna Malla

Introduction: Fingerprints, serve as one of the crucial tools for identification of the individual for various purposes. Sex, being one of those tools, researchers have suggested the use of fingerprints for gender identification. The objective of the study was to observe the distribution of various fingerprints patterns in the population of a community, together with the most prevalent pattern. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the population of Duwakot VDC, Bhaktapur from May 2019 to July 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee with reference no. 2812201804. One hundred and ninety-six individuals of 18 to 60 years of age were enrolled. Fingerprints of all ten fingers were taken and studied to see the distribution pattern and analyzed for gender differences. Simple random sampling was done and the sample size was calculated with a prevalence of 50%. The data obtained were computed and analyzed using Excel to find the results. Results: The study showed the highest frequency of loops 1033 (52.71%) followed by whorls 537 (27.38%), arches 300 (15.28%) and composite pattern 90 (4.61%). The radial loops were observed more in the males 397 (5.54%) of total males whereas ulnar loops were observed more in the females 636 (96.38%) of total females. Among whorls, the concentric whorls were seen more in males 245 (52.03%) whereas the spiral whorls were seen more in the females 292 (53.27%). Conclusions: For standard authenticity of the sexual dimorphism, fingerprint patterns, can also be considered for gender identification purposes


2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frosso Motti-Stefanidi ◽  
Ann S. Masten

Academic achievement in immigrant children and adolescents is an indicator of current and future adaptive success. Since the future of immigrant youths is inextricably linked to that of the receiving society, the success of their trajectory through school becomes a high stakes issue both for the individual and society. The present article focuses on school success in immigrant children and adolescents, and the role of school engagement in accounting for individual and group differences in academic achievement from the perspective of a multilevel integrative model of immigrant youths’ adaptation ( Motti-Stefanidi, Berry, Chryssochoou, Sam, & Phinney, 2012 ). Drawing on this conceptual framework, school success is examined in developmental and acculturative context, taking into account multiple levels of analysis. Findings suggest that for both immigrant and nonimmigrant youths the relationship between school engagement and school success is bidirectional, each influencing over time the other. Evidence regarding potential moderating and mediating roles of school engagement for the academic success of immigrant youths also is evaluated.


Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Elizar’ev ◽  
D. V. Lomaev ◽  
D. A. Chetverina ◽  
P. G. Georgiev ◽  
M. M. Erokhin

Maintenance of the individual patterns of gene expression in different cell types is required for the differentiation and development of multicellular organisms. Expression of many genes is controlled by Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins that act through association with chromatin. PcG/TrxG are assembled on the DNA sequences termed PREs (Polycomb Response Elements), the activity of which can be modulated and switched from repression to activation. In this study, we analyzed the influence of transcriptional read-through on PRE activity switch mediated by the yeast activator GAL4. We show that a transcription terminator inserted between the promoter and PRE doesnt prevent switching of PRE activity from repression to activation. We demonstrate that, independently of PRE orientation, high levels of transcription fail to dislodge PcG/TrxG proteins from PRE in the absence of a terminator. Thus, transcription is not the main factor required for PRE activity switch.


2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.


2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Chernysh O.O.

The urgency of the researched problem is connected with the growing role of mass media in modern conditions leads to change of values and transformation of identity of the person. The active growth of the role of the media, their influence on the formation and development of personality leads to the concept of “media socialization” and immutation in the media. The aim of the study is to outline the possibilities of the process of media socialization in the context of immutation in the media. The methods of our research are: analysis of pedagogical, psychological, literature, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of immutation in the media and the transformation of the information space. In the context of the mass nature of the immutation of society, the concept of “media socialization” becomes relevant, which is the basis for reducing the negative impact of the media on the individual.The author identifies the lack of a thorough study of the concept of “media socialization” in modern scientific thought. Thus, media socialization is associated with the transformation of traditional means of socialization, and is to assimilate and reproduce the social experience of mankind with the help of new media.The article analyzes the essence of the concepts “media space”, “mass media” and “immutation”. The influence of mass media on the formation and development of the modern personality is described in detail.The study concluded that it is necessary to form a media culture of the individual, to establish safe and effective interaction of young people with the modern media system, the formation of media awareness, media literacy and media competence in accordance with age and individual characteristics for successful media socialization. The role of state bodies in solving the problem of media socialization of the individual was also determined. It is determined that the process of formation of media culture in youth should take place at the level of traditional institutions of socialization of the individual.The author sees the prospect of further research in a detailed analysis and study of the potential of educational institutions as an institution and a means of counteracting the mass nature of the immutation of society.Key words: immutation, media socialization, mass media, media space, information.


2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.


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