scholarly journals Modifiable Demographic Factors that Differentiate Bronchiolitis from Pneumonia in Nepalese Children Less Than Two Years – A Hospital Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Malla ◽  
P Poudyal ◽  
KK Malla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Animal Milk ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Background Bronchiolitis and pneumonia is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children. Various risk factors make these children more prone for this illness. There is limited data on the risk factors from this part of the world. Moreover there is a significant clinical overlap between bronchiolitis and pneumonia thus necessitating the need for evaluating their demographic difference.Objective To evaluate the modifiable demographic risk factors for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children less than 2 years.Method A prospective, comparative hospital based study undertaken during March 2012- March 2013 in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. Altogether 200 cases of bronchiolitis and 200 cases of pneumonia, in the age group of 2 to 24 months, were randomly selected for comparison of risk factors as per a predesigned proforma. A ‘p’ value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data was analyzed by using SPPS version 16.Result The significant risk factors for bronchiolitis were age < 6 months (p<0.001), prematurity (p<0.001),male(P<0.04), younger maternal age (p< 0.009), poor maternal knowledge (p<0.013), air pollution and lack of ventilation (p<0.001), exposure to cooking fuel – kerosene (p<0.007), firewood (p<0.001) , tobacco smoke (p<0.001), overcrowding (0.008), winter season (p<0.015), domestic pets (p<0.003), low birth weight (p<003), use of animal milk (p<0.001).The significant risk factors for pneumonia were age 13 months- 24 months, maternal age 26- 35 yrs (p<0.009), female (p< 0.04), malnutrition, lack of Vitamin A supplementation and immunization (p<0.001).Conclusion Most of the risk factors for bronchiolitis and pneumonia identified in this study were modifiable; hence could be prevented to decrease the burden of both the diseases.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(3) 2014; 175-180

Obesity Increases the Odds of Acquiring and Incarcerating Noninguinal Abdominal Wall Hernias

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1118-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Briana Lau ◽  
Hanjoo Kim ◽  
Philip I. Haigh ◽  
Talar Tejirian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Relationship Of

The current data available describing the relationship of obesity and abdominal wall hernias is sparse. The objective of this study was to investigate the current prevalence of noninguinal abdominal wall hernias and their correlation with body mass index (BMI) and other demographic risk factors. Patients with umbilical, incisional, ventral, epigastric, or Spigelian hernias with or without incarceration were identified using the regional database for 14 hospitals over a 3-year period. Patients were stratified based on their BMI. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to distinguish other significant risk factors associated with the hernias. Of 2,807,414 patients, 26,268 (0.9%) had one of the specified diagnoses. Average age of the patients was 52 years and 61 per cent were male. The majority of patients had nonincarcerated umbilical hernias (74%). Average BMI was 32 kg/m2. Compared with patients with a normal BMI, the odds of having a hernia increased with BMI: BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 odds ratio (OR) 1.63, BMI of 30 to 39.9 kg/m2 OR 2.62, BMI 40 to 49.9 kg/m2 OR 3.91, BMI 50 to 59.9 kg/m2 OR 4.85, and BMI greater than 60 kg/m2 OR 5.17 ( P < 0.0001). Age older than 50 years was associated with a higher risk for having a hernia (OR, 2.12; 95% [CI], 2.07 to 2.17), whereas female gender was associated with a lower risk (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.55). Those with incarcerated hernias had a higher average BMI (32 kg/m2 vs 35 kg/m2; P < 0.0001). Overall, BMI greater than 40 kg/m2 showed an increased chance of incarceration, and a BMI greater than 60 kg/m2 had the highest chance of incarceration, OR 12.7 ( P < 0.0001). Age older than 50 years and female gender were also associated with a higher risk of incarceration (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.59 and OR, 1.80; CI, 1.45 to 2.24). Increasing BMI and increasing age are associated with a higher prevalence and an increased risk of incarceration of noninguinal abdominal wall hernias.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic risk factors of esophageal carcinoma: A case control study in a tertiary care hospital, Kabul Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Saadaat ◽  
Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar ◽  
Nooria Atta ◽  
Tazeen Sayed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction Esophageal cancer (EC) is 7th most common cancer in world in term of incidence and 6th common cancer in term of mortality. In Afghanistan, EC is the most common cancer in males. The socio-demographic status has been known as associated factor for EC. We carried out this study to determine the associated risk factors with EC in a tertiary hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan. Methodology Unmatched case control study of socio-demographic risk factors and EC was conducted at French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC). We enrolled and analyzed 132 EC cases and 132 normal controls to find out the associated risk factors for EC Result In current study Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) was the predominant EC type (75.8%). The mean age of the case group is 59.48 ± 9.9 years and in control group is 48.05 ± 11.02, (OR: 1.070, 95% CI, p-value <0.001). Majority of the cases group are male (69.6%) (OR: 3.538, 95% CI, p-value 0.022). Participants living in rural areas have the 25-times higher risk of EC than living in urban regions. Un-educated and lower education are highly associated with the risk of EC (OR: 11.21, 95% CI, p-value: <0.001) as well as, having low Socioeconomic status was also highly associated with the increased risk of EC (OR: 14.08, 95% CI, p-value: <0.001). Having family history in first degree family highly associated with the risk of EC (OR: 4.581, 95% CI, p-value <0.001). Although, the majority of the EC patients were unemployed (93.3%) of which 75% were farmer comparing to control which comprises 55.3% of unemployed statistically in multivariate analysis it showed no significant association with EC. In addition, living area according country zones and provinces, weight and height and ethnicity showed no significant association with EC. Conclusion The study concluded that EC is common cancer in older age groups and, predominance in males. In addition, living in rural areas, being un-educated or having lower education, belonging to low socioeconomic status, and having positive family history in first degree relatives are associated with high risk of EC in our study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Risk Factors for Preterm Birth Outcome in Gujarat, India

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Pratibha Rathod ◽  
Ajesh Desai ◽  
Divya Chandel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obstetric Outcome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal survival complications, mortality, and morbidity worldwide. In India 35% of all neonatal deaths are due to PTB with 36th global ranking, hence, India's healthcare sector has been working towards reducing the rate of PTB effectively. Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk factors such as environmental and pathophysiological causes associated with preterm birth in the population of Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: In this study, multivariate random sampling was performed and systematically 200 pregnant mothers [PTB <37 weeks (N=100), Full-term >37 weeks (N=100)] were chosen after excluding mothers with vaginal infection, multiple gestations, fetal anomalies, non-cephalic presentation, cesarean delivery, and pregnancy with Mullerian anomalies. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square test, and variables with p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of all the variables, maternal age below 20 years, extreme BMI, high blood pressure during pregnancy, maternal health complications, medication and doctor's consultation were highly significant (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, variables like type of area, diet, education, Hb levels below 9 g/dL and above 13 g/dL and blood-group of the mother were also significantly associated with PTB outcome (p < 0.05). Among the sub-categories of PTB (extreme-, very-, moderate/late- PTB), maternal age, Hb level and the past obstetric outcome showed very high significance (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: For the prediction of birth outcome, mother's internal physiological and lifestyle factors need to be taken into consideration, and mothers at risk priorly can be screen out, followed by proper healthcare assistance to decrease the preterm birth rate and its consequences. Key words: Preterm birth, maternal age, blood pressure, past obstetric outcome, risk factors

Maternal Knowledge Factor, Maternal Age and Maternal Parity Associated with Genesis of Normal Delivery at Palembang Hospital of Bari Year 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Maternal Parity

Childbirthis a processLabor of opening and depleting the cervix and the fetus down into the birth canal. Birth is a process in which the fetus and amniotic are pushed out through the birth canal. (Sarwono, 2008). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 585,000 mothers annually die during pregnancy or childbirth. Indonesia Health Demographic Survey (SDKI) Survey in 2012, Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is still high at 359 per 100,000 live births. The purpose of this study is the knowledge of maternal knowledge, maternal age, and maternal parity associated with normal birth events at Palembang Bari Hospital 2017. This study used analytical survey method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all maternal mothers at the Palembang Bari Hospital in 2017. Sampling in the study was conducted non-randomly with the technique of "Accidental Sampling". Data analysis was done univariat and bivariate with Chi-Square statistical test with significance level α = 0,05. The result of this research shows that there is correlation between mother's knowledge with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,001, there is correlation between mother age with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,009, there is relation between mother parity with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,001. From result of this research hopes healthcare workers can improve normal delivery care services and more often to carry out maternal safety counseling.

Clinical and Demographic Risk Factors for COVID-19 during Delivery Hospitalizations in New York City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Sutton ◽  
Timothy Wen ◽  
Anna P. Staniczenko ◽  
Yongmei Huang ◽  
Maria Andrikopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
York City ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Zip Code

Objective This study was aimed to review 4 weeks of universal novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening among delivery hospitalizations, at two hospitals in March and April 2020 in New York City, to compare outcomes between patients based on COVID-19 status and to determine whether demographic risk factors and symptoms predicted screening positive for COVID-19. Study Design This retrospective cohort study evaluated all patients admitted for delivery from March 22 to April 18, 2020, at two New York City hospitals. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were collected. The relationship between COVID-19 and demographic, clinical, and maternal and neonatal outcome data was evaluated. Demographic data included the number of COVID-19 cases ascertained by ZIP code of residence. Adjusted logistic regression models were performed to determine predictability of demographic risk factors for COVID-19. Results Of 454 women delivered, 79 (17%) had COVID-19. Of those, 27.9% (n = 22) had symptoms such as cough (13.9%), fever (10.1%), chest pain (5.1%), and myalgia (5.1%). While women with COVID-19 were more likely to live in the ZIP codes quartile with the most cases (47 vs. 41%) and less likely to live in the ZIP code quartile with the fewest cases (6 vs. 14%), these comparisons were not statistically significant (p = 0.18). Women with COVID-19 were less likely to have a vaginal delivery (55.2 vs. 51.9%, p = 0.04) and had a significantly longer postpartum length of stay with cesarean (2.00 vs. 2.67days, p < 0.01). COVID-19 was associated with higher risk for diagnoses of chorioamnionitis and pneumonia and fevers without a focal diagnosis. In adjusted analyses, including demographic factors, logistic regression demonstrated a c-statistic of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69, 0.80). Conclusion COVID-19 symptoms were present in a minority of COVID-19-positive women admitted for delivery. Significant differences in obstetrical outcomes were found. While demographic risk factors demonstrated acceptable discrimination, risk prediction does not capture a significant portion of COVID-19-positive patients. Key Points

scholarly journals Iron deficiency in Massachusetts communities: Socioeconomic and demographic risk factors among children.

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Sargent ◽  
T A Stukel ◽  
M A Dalton ◽  
J L Freeman ◽  
M J Brown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors
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