Excess Screen Time - Impact on Childhood Development and Management: A Review

Med Phoenix ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Karki ◽  
Lakshmi Sravanti
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Developmental Risks ◽  
Development And Management

In recent years children are immersed in both traditional and new forms of digital media around the globe. Screen time is now embedded in the daily lives of young children beginning from infancy. Pre-schoolers exposed to screen and interactive media may benefit in many ways but excessive and inappropriate screen exposure could potentially lead to several health and developmental risks.  Environmental factors such as parents, siblings, peers have a profound influence on a child’s development. Despite challenges of screen media parenting practices and those posed by lockdown (work from home, online schooling) during this pandemic, parents hold the key to navigate these challenges by serving as role models to ensure positive developmental outcomes in their children.

scholarly journals Just give them childcare: The COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment in parenting practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Hartshorne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Parent Mental Health ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Development Outcomes

Correlations between parenting practices and child development outcomes are as established as anything in human behavior. Their causes remain controversial. Parenting practices are confounded with culture, socio-economic status, and genetics. As a general rule, randomized controlled experiments are impractical if not impossible. We use the COVID-19 pandemic school reopenings as a natural experiment to address this gap. A number of studies showed that the advent of the pandemic affected families negatively affected families. Prior work tied increased child recreational screen time and decreased parent mental health specifically to school and daycare closures (rather than work-at-home policies, unemployment, fluctuating COVID rates, etc.). However, losses are different from gains, and just because losing childcare hurts families does not mean increasing childcare will help them. We use the fact that schools reopened at different times and to different degrees across the country, showing that return to in-person schooling decreased child recreational screen time and improved parent mental health. Again, we rule out potential confounds like work-from-home policies, COVID rates, and unemployment. The results indicate that addressing childcare gaps may be critical to improving child and family well-being.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of instruments to measure parenting practices and children’s movement behaviors in low-income families from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widjane Sheila Ferreira Goncalves ◽  
Rebecca Byrne ◽  
Pedro Israel Cabral de Lira ◽  
Marcelo Tavares Viana ◽  
Stewart G. Trost
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Childhood obesity has increased remarkably in low and middle-income (LMIC) countries. Movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) are crucial in the development of overweight and obesity in young children. Yet, few studies have investigated the relationship between children’s movement behaviors and parenting practices because validated measures for use among families from LMIC are lacking. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of previously validated measures of young children’s physical activity, screen time, and sleep and parenting practices, translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian families. Methods A total of 78 parent-child dyads completed an interviewer-administered survey twice within 7 days. Child physical activity, sedentary time and sleep were concurrently measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability was assessed using McDonald’s Omega and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC’s). Concurrent validity was evaluated by calculating Spearman correlations between parent reported child behaviors and accelerometer measured behaviors. Results Seventeen of the 19 parenting practices scales exhibited acceptable internal consistency reliability (Ω ≥ 0.70). Test-retest reliability ICC’s were acceptable and ranged from 0.82 - 0.99. Parent reported child physical activity was positively correlated with objectively measured total movement (rho= 0.29 - 0.46, p < .05) and energetic play (rho= 0.29 – 0.40, p < .05). Parent reported child screen time was positively correlated with objectively measured sedentary time; (rho = 0.26, p < .05), and inversely correlated with total movement (rho = - 0.39 – - 0.41, p < .05) and energetic play (rho = - 0.37 – - 0.41, p < .05). Parent reported night-time sleep duration was significantly correlated with accelerometer measured sleep duration on weekdays (rho = 0.29, p < .05), but not weekends. Conclusions Measurement tools to assess children’s movement behaviors and parenting practices, translated and culturally adapted for use in Brazilian families, exhibited acceptable evidence of concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.

scholarly journals Working from Home During Covid-19: Doing and Managing Technology-enabled Social Interaction With Colleagues at a Distance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banita Lal ◽  
Yogesh K. Dwivedi ◽  
Markus Haag
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Time Basis

AbstractWith the overnight growth in Working from Home (WFH) owing to the pandemic, organisations and their employees have had to adapt work-related processes and practices quickly with a huge reliance upon technology. Everyday activities such as social interactions with colleagues must therefore be reconsidered. Existing literature emphasises that social interactions, typically conducted in the traditional workplace, are a fundamental feature of social life and shape employees’ experience of work. This experience is completely removed for many employees due to the pandemic and, presently, there is a lack of knowledge on how individuals maintain social interactions with colleagues via technology when working from home. Given that a lack of social interaction can lead to social isolation and other negative repercussions, this study aims to contribute to the existing body of literature on remote working by highlighting employees’ experiences and practices around social interaction with colleagues. This study takes an interpretivist and qualitative approach utilising the diary-keeping technique to collect data from twenty-nine individuals who had started to work from home on a full-time basis as a result of the pandemic. The study explores how participants conduct social interactions using different technology platforms and how such interactions are embedded in their working lives. The findings highlight the difficulty in maintaining social interactions via technology such as the absence of cues and emotional intelligence, as well as highlighting numerous other factors such as job uncertainty, increased workloads and heavy usage of technology that affect their work lives. The study also highlights that despite the negative experiences relating to working from home, some participants are apprehensive about returning to work in the traditional office place where social interactions may actually be perceived as a distraction. The main contribution of our study is to highlight that a variety of perceptions and feelings of how work has changed via an increased use of digital media while working from home exists and that organisations need to be aware of these differences so that they can be managed in a contextualised manner, thus increasing both the efficiency and effectiveness of working from home.

scholarly journals STUDYING YOUTH ONLINE POLITICAL EXPRESSION: EMPIRICAL FINDINGS AND METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Schofield Clark ◽  
Ioana Literat ◽  
Neta Kligler-Vilenchik ◽  
Ashley Lee ◽  
Ellen Middaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Internet Research ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Political Expression ◽  
Cross Platform

We are living through a highly politicized time, with deep divisions foregrounding the significance and importance of political expression and dialogue. Youth have been at the forefront of these important conversations, in both academic research and in the popular press. On the one hand, we are seeing a resurgence of activism and engagement among youth (Bond, Chenoweth & Pressman 2018; Deal 2019), who are using online platforms to express themselves politically in rich and creative ways (Graef 2016; Jenkins et al., 2016). On the other hand, deep concerns have emerged about “some of the darker sides of networked media engagement” (boyd, 2017, n.p.), including the spread of misinformation, increased polarization and politically motivated bullying among youth (Rogers, 2017). If we see youth as active agents in their own political socialization (Youniss, McLellan & Yates, 1997), the ways they actively express and negotiate their civic identities online (Jenkins et al., 2016) offer rich possibilities for understanding how we can best support them as civic actors. The research presented in this panel aims to move beyond a simplified depiction of youth as either idealized political role models (e.g. Greta Thunberg or the Parkland Youth) or, conversely, as apathetic and politically disengaged. In light of the conference theme exploring what it means to have a Life mediated by the internet, we place emergent and senior scholars studying youth and online political expression in dialogue with one another to discuss both findings and particular considerations brought up by internet research (franzke et al., 2020), and especially internet research involving youth (Livingstone & Third, 2017). By encouraging researchers and audience members to reflect on the epistemological, ethical, and practical aspects of their own research, we aim to identify new questions for further study as we seek to understand the evolution of youth and online political expression. The first presentation reviews findings from a cross-platform study utilizing a mixed methods approach to explore youth online political expression and cross-cutting political talk on TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube. These presenters discuss their findings in relation to the challenges and opportunities they encountered when identifying and analyzing youth-generated cross-platform data. The second presentation highlights findings from a social discourse analysis of Twitter and Reddit threads on youth-centric issues of immigration (DACA) and environmental issues (plastic pollution) to identify how the intersection of issue, platform and aims of discourse shape the characteristics of online civic discourse. This presenter discusses the challenges she encountered when creating both a codebook and coding scheme for data analysis. The third presentation considers the role of gender and intersectional identity in online humorous political expression through a case study of a U.S. Black Muslim teen’s TikTok posts. This presenter discusses the challenges of placing critical technocultural discourse analysis into dialogue with digital media literacy and youth participatory action research endeavors. The fourth presentation highlights findings emerging from a series of ethnographic interviews with young people in a comparative study exploring online youth political expression in democratic and non-democratic contexts. This presenter discusses challenges of qualitative research when working with young people, especially marginalized youth, who utilize hidden forms of expression to engage in politics. Finally, our respondent will invite audience members into the discussion by offering a reflection on the four presentations and asking session attendees to comment on their own research experiences and larger implications they see for the study of youth political expression online.

scholarly journals Strategi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di Sekolah Dasar Daerah Terpencil Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Rince Jalla Wabang ◽  
Lenny Nofriyani Adam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Remote Area ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Teaching Learning

Bahasa is one of the important materials taught in Indonesian schools for the important roles in our daily lives. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of learning in a remote island in Flores. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a naturalistic approach and case study. This research was conducted in several places in a remote area on the island of Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. The result shows that Bahasa language learning in the remote area of Flores island is not maximal enough. Primary school teachers are still applying the conventional learning techniques and they do not want to be role models for the teaching-learning process. 

scholarly journals CAIVAM KĀTTA CĀṈṞŌR [SCHOLARS – THE PROTECTORS OF SAIVISM]

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Anbarasan Arunachulan ◽  
Gajendran Karunanithi
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
The World ◽  
Supreme Being

Saivism is one of the world’s ancient religions. It is believed that the Tamils of ancient India who embraced Saivism have been worshipping Sivaperuman as their Supreme Being for a good 10,000 years. However, this religion is facing many challenges to expand due to the influences of other theological ideologies especially the Vedic Religion, Jainism and Buddhism. Three consequential Scholars namely Thirunyanasambanthar, Thirunavukkarasar and Suntharar have played a pivotal role in the efforts to revive Saivism from the brink of extinction. Thirunyanasambanthar and Thirunavukkarasar have performed miraculous wonders to prove the majestic divinity of Saivism to the world. Their fruitful efforts were proven when some of the atheistic kings and people of the Tamil kingdoms reverted to Saivisim. With an ardent belief, tenacious virtue and grace of Sivaperuman, the Scholars have successfully thwarted the propagation of other ideologies by benedictory actions. Those Scholars have also been established as exemplary role-models in the daily lives of all Saivites.

Parent voices guide smoking intervention development

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-469
Author(s):  
Robyn Johnston ◽  
Lydia Hearn ◽  
Donna Cross ◽  
Laura T. Thomas ◽  
Sharon Bell
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Harm Minimisation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Smoking Intervention ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Primary School Age

Purpose – While parents’ influence on their children’s smoking behaviour is widely recognised, little is known about parents of four to eight year olds’ attitudes and beliefs around smoking cessation and how they communicate with their children about smoking. The purpose of this paper is to explore parents’ perceptions of quitting smoking and their beliefs and actions related to the use of parenting practices to discourage smoking by their children. Design/methodology/approach – Four focus groups and 17 interviews were conducted with parents (n=46) of four to eight year old children in Perth, Western Australia. Findings – Many parents indicated their children strongly influenced their quitting behaviours, however, some resented being made to feel guilty about their smoking because of their children. Parents were divided in their beliefs about the amount of influence they had on their children’s future smoking. Feelings of hypocrisy appear to influence the extent to which parents who smoked talked with their child about smoking. Parents recommended a variety of resource options to support quitting and talking with their child about smoking. Practical implications – Interventions aimed at parents who smoke and have young children should: reinforce parents’ importance as role models; highlight the importance of talking to children about smoking when they are young and provide strategies for maintaining ongoing communication; be supportive and avoid making parents feel guilty; and emphasise that quitting smoking is the best option for their child’s health (and their own), while also providing effective harm minimisation options for parents who have not yet quit. Originality/value – Parents of children of lower primary school age can be highly influential on their children’s later smoking behaviours, thus, effective interventions that address the current beliefs and practices of these parents may be particularly advantageous.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on prevalence and consequences of screen time on physical and mental health in children in the era of COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Neha Thakur (Rai) ◽  
Arvind Kumar Singh ◽  
Narendra Rai ◽  
Devesh Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Background: With the ongoing growth and expansion of digital media and COVID-19 pandemic, children are inclining more and more toward spending time on digital media as compared to outdoor sports, leading to poor physical and mental growth. Developed nations have already set up a screen time guideline which is yet to be established in developing nations. This study was conducted with the objectives of identifying the needs of screen time guidelines and to study the impact of screen time on mental and physical health in children. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to check the screen time in children aged 2–18 and find the health consequences both physical and psychological in those children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on children aged 2–18 years was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Parents were asked to fill a pre-structured questionnaire. Impact on health physical and mental were assessed by pediatrician and psychologist. Results: A total of 155 children were enrolled in the study. Mean child hours in children aged 2–5 years, 5–10 years, and 10–18 years were 4 h, 5.83 h, and 6.29 h on week days and 5.64 h, 5.76 h, and 7.69 h on weekends, respectively. More than one-third of children had age of onset of screen time below 2 years of age. About 70% of children had malnutrition. Only 18% of parents were aware of concept of screen free days. Screen time had negative impact on health (P=0.0001) and on behavior of child (P=0.001). Average increase in screen time during COVID-19 was nearly 3 times the pre-COVID era. Conclusion: This study has paved the way for the need of larger study and development of guidelines on impact of screen time on children in developing nations where screen time guidelines is yet to be set more so in era of COVID 19 pandemic.

Social Media in DMSS System Development and Management

2013 ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Daniel E. O’Leary
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Support System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Project History ◽  
Development And Management

This paper surveys and extends the use of social media technologies as part of decision making support system (DMSS) development and management. In particular, this paper investigates how social media technologies, such as wikis, blogs, micro-blogs and tagging, have been and can be used to facilitate development and management of DMSS, through communication and collaboration. However, the author suggests going beyond simply communication and collaboration. The particular focus is on using an analysis of digital media content to address a range of issues, including using social media content to facilitate capturing project history, doing an analysis of that content to facilitate documentation development, and monitoring content from social media to provide insights into project development. Domain-based characteristics of the text are investigated to discover meaning in social media content.

scholarly journals A set of pedagogical recommendations for improving the integrated approach to childhood obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E L M Ruiter ◽  
G R M Molleman ◽  
G A J Fransen ◽  
M Wagenaar ◽  
K van der Velden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Convenient Tool ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Varied Diet

Abstract Background Studies increasingly emphasize the importance of the parents’ role in interventions designed to prevent overweight in children. The aim of this study was to develop a unified set of recommendations for healthy parenting practices that can be applied by all professionals who work with children age 4-13 years and can contribute to strengthening the integrated approach to childhood overweight. Methods A modified Delphi procedure was used to reach consensus regarding what these pedagogical recommendations should encompass. The 30 panelists were professionals and researchers who work with children in the domains of health care, overweight, parenting, education, nutrition, and/or sports. The procedure consisted of: i) extracting existing pedagogical recommendations from national guidelines and professional protocols, ii) appraising and prioritizing these recommendations in terms of relevance through two rounds of questionnaires, and iii) meeting to discuss and approve the set of recommendations. Results Consensus was reached for one set of eleven pedagogical theme-based recommendations designed to support and instruct parents how to stimulate healthy energy balance-related behaviors in their child. Each recommendation contained information regarding: i) which behaviors are important, ii) why this is important, and iii) how parents can stimulate this behavior by applying parenting skills. The eleven themes were: modeling, positive parenting, breakfast, varied diet, sugar-sweetened beverages, snacks, physical activity, playing sports, quantity of screen time, screen time during meals, and sleep. Conclusions We developed a set of recommendations for healthy parenting that can be used by various professionals working with children age 4-13 and can contribute to creating an integrated approach to childhood overweight. We also developed a web-based app called “Recommendations for Healthy Parenting” as a convenient tool for following these recommendations. Key messages Our set of recommendations for healthy parenting can be used by various professionals who work with school-aged children, thereby helping strengthen the integrated approach to childhood overweight. We developed and released a Dutch web app entitled “11 Recommendations for Healthy Parenting” to provide a convenient tool for easily communicating these recommendations to parents.

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