scholarly journals A profile of low vision among the blind school students in Lumbini Zone of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
MK Sharma ◽  
H Thapa ◽  
B Paudyal ◽  
RK Adhikari ◽  
K Dhakwa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Integrated Education ◽  
Vision Assessment ◽  
Low Vision Rehabilitation

Introduction: There is an increasing awareness about the needs of students with low vision, particularly in developing countries where programs of integrated education are being developed. However, the appropriate low vision services are usually neither available, nor affordable. Objectives: To study the profile of students with low vision in Lumbini Zone of Nepal. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study included students with low vision from 8 integrated schools. The reading performance was measured using their own text-books with optical low vision devices prescribed for near reading. The reading rates were measured on a range of print sizes. The Standard Clinical Low Vision Assessment Form and the National Low Vision Program protocol were used. SPSS software was used in data analysis. Results: Of 46 students enrolled, 23 had a mild visual impairment, 18 had severe visual impairment and 5 were blind. Spectacles were needed for 29 (63 %) students. Of the 11 students who had been wearing glasses, the visual acuity improved in 4 with a change in prescription. 91 % of the students had near vision better or equal to 1.5 M with optical low vision services for near reading. The reading rate was 24 WPM at the age of 5 years, whereas at the age of 21 years, it was 55 WPM. Conclusion: The majority of the students with low vision need optical low vision services. Accurate refraction is important in these students. The reading rate increases significantly with improved near visual acuity. Keywords: low vision aids; low vision rehabilitation; low vision treatment DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v2i2.3719 Nep J Oph 2010;2(2) 127-131

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Visual Acuity Impairment among School Children at Arada Subcity Primary Schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haile Fentahun Darge ◽  
Getahun Shibru ◽  
Abiy Mulugeta ◽  
Yinebeb Mezgebu Dagnachew
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Visual impairment and blindness are major public health problems in developing countries where there is no enough health-care service. Objective. To determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children. Materials and Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 June 2015 and 30 November 2015 at Arada subcity primary schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Two schools were selected randomly, and 378 students were screened from grades 1 to 8 using systematic random sampling method. Snellen chart was used for visual acuity test. Students who had visual acuity of ≤6/12 were further examined by an ophthalmologist to diagnose the reason for low vision. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 378 students were screened, and 192 (50.8%) were females and the remaining 186 (49.2%) were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VA) of ≤6/12 on either eye was 5.8%, VA < 6/18 on either eye was 1.1%, and VA < 6/18 on the better eye was 0.53%. In this study, color blindness [OR: 19.65, 95% CI (6.01–64.33)] was significantly associated with visual acuity impairment. Conclusion. The prevalence of visual impairment among school children in the study area was 5.8% and school screening is recommended.

scholarly journals Causes of vision impairment and assessment of need for low vision services for students of blind schools in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kansakar ◽  
HB Thapa ◽  
KC Salma ◽  
S Ganguly ◽  
RP Kandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Childhood Blindness ◽  
Vision Assessment ◽  
Low Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
One Year

Background: The present study is first of its kind to evaluate causes of visual impairment of blind students in Nepal and assess their need for low vision rehabilitation services. Aim: To evaluate causes of vision impairment of students enrolled in blind schools in Nepal and assess the need for low vision rehabilitation services in these students. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted in 12 blind schools in Nepal, which were registered with Nepal Association for Welfare of Blindness (NAWB).It was conducted by a team of an ophthalmologist and an optometrist, by using standard eye examination protocols of the World Health Organization Prevention of Blindness Program (WHO/ PBL). Results: Of the 345 students enrolled in 12 schools, 285 students were examined (response rate of 82.61%). The students were in the 5 - 29 years age group. Nearly three-fourth of the children had become blind within one year of age and 52.3% visually impaired at birth and 20.7% developed vision impairment within one year of age. After refraction, 26 students (9.12%) had mild visual impairment, 21 students (7.37%) had severe visual impairment and 238 students (83.51%) were blind. The main cause of vision impairment was found to be corneal 35.79% and retina diseases, mainly dystrophy, 20.35% followed by problems with the whole globe, lens and optic nerve, accounting for 13.33%, 12.63% and 12.98% respectively. The major etiological factors were those of childhood such as Vitamin A deficiency, measles and similar causes (42.11%) followed by hereditary causes (25.26%). Of the total students examined, 48.07% were visually impaired due to preventable causes and 16.14% treatable aggregating to 64.21% of avoidable blindness. Fifty seven (28.22%) students could read smaller than 2 M print size after low vision assessment for near and 33(15.78%) students benefited with telescopic trial for distance low vision. Conclusion: In Nepal, renewed focus on providing best possible quality of life for visually impaired children by proper low vision assessment and eye health education focusing on, general public and community health workers, with governmental and institutional support is required to achieve Vision 2020 objectives to decrease childhood blindness. Key words: childhood blindness, Nepal, blind school study, low vision, vision impairment    doi: 10.3126/kumj.v7i1.1764       Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009), Vol. 7, No. 1, Issue 25, 44-49        

scholarly journals Prenatal and neonatal factors for the development of childhood visual impairment in primary and middle school students: a cross-sectional survey in Guangzhou, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e032721
Author(s):  
Bolan Yu ◽  
Lijuan Dai ◽  
Juanjuan Chen ◽  
Wen Sun ◽  
Jingsi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postnatal Factors

ObjectivesIn this cross-sectional survey, we sought to determine the prevalence of and the influence of prenatal and neonatal factors on childhood visual impairment without correction (VIUC) in a paediatric population from Guangzhou, China.SettingThe health survey covered 11 administrative districts in Guangzhou, including 991 schools.ParticipantsAll of the primary and middle school students in Guangzhou were invited to complete an online questionnaire with the help of their parents. The results of physical examinations were reported by school medical departments. The results of the questionnaire were collected by the researchers. In total, 253 301 questionnaires were collected.Primary outcome measuresThe students’ uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was examined by trained optometrists by standard logarithmic visual acuity charts. VIUC was defined by UCVA (of the better eye) (UCVA <6/12) with three levels: light VIUC (UCVA ≥6/18 to <6/12), mild VIUC (UCVA ≥6/60 to <6/18) and severe VIUC (UCVA <6/60).ResultsA total of 39 768 individuals (15.7%) had VIUC, and the rate was much higher among grade 10 to 12 students (51.4%) than among grade 1 to 6 students (6.71%). The following factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of VIUC: female gender, high birth weight, formula feeding, not having siblings, higher level of parents’ education, parental myopia, much homework time and little outdoor activity. Delivery mode was not associated with the risk of VIUC.ConclusionsThis study validates known major prenatal/genetic, perinatal and postnatal factors for childhood VIUC. In conclusion, prenatal and perinatal factors can affect the onset of childhood VIUC, but parental myopia and postnatal factors are the main factors.

scholarly journals A study of clinical and ophthalmologic profile of patients undergoing cataract surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2229
Author(s):  
Chhaya Shori ◽  
Rakesh Shori ◽  
Gannaram Laxmiprasad ◽  
Ashalatha Alli
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rule Type ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology

Background: Intraocular lens implantation is the only surgical approach available mostly in developing countries. Thus cataract constitutes as the leading cause of blindness in developing countries as many patients with cataract do not have access to hospitals and surgery. Objective was to study the clinical and ophthalmologic profile of patients undergoing cataract surgery.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 100 cataract patients assigned to undergo conventional extra capsular cataract excision surgery for a period of two years in a tertiary care referral hospital. One day before the surgery these patients were admitted to the indoor wards of department of ophthalmology. From each patient, detailed history was obtained. Visual acuity was checked with Snellen’s visual acuity chart and pinhole improvement was noted.Results: Maximum prevalence was seen in the age group of 51-60 years i.e. 37% followed by 61-70 years of 30%. Thus cataract is seen more commonly in the age group of above 50 years. Prevalence of cataract was more in females (59%) as compared to 41% in males. Cortical cataract constituted 86% of total cases and remaining 14% were constituted by nuclear type of cataract. Majority of the patients i.e. 59% had visual acuity of less than 1/60 followed by 33% of having 5/60 to 1/60. 58% of the patients had against the rule type of astigmatism. 34% of the patients had with the rule type of astigmatism. Only 8% had NOA type of astigmatism.Conclusions: Increasing age and female gender were the most important risk factors in the present study. Cortical type of cataract was more common than nuclear type of cataract. Maximum had low vision.

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of visual impairment amongst older adults in a rural area of North India: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e018894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Malhotra ◽  
Praveen Vashist ◽  
Mani Kalaivani ◽  
Noopur Gupta ◽  
Suraj Singh Senjam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Causes

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence, causes and associated factors for visual impairment (VI) in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana, north India.MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two blocks of Jhajjar district. A total of 34 villages were selected using probability proportionate to size sampling method. Adults aged 50 years and above were selected using compact segment cluster sampling approach. Presenting visual acuity using LogMAR E chart was measured along with collection of other demographic details as part of the house-to-house survey. Subjective refraction and torch light examination were performed at a clinic site within the village to ascertain VI and its cause. VI was considered when presenting visual acuity was less than 6/18 in the better eye. Common causes of VI viz uncorrected refractive errors, cataract, central corneal opacity and others were noted by optometrists. Descriptive analysis was undertaken. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for determining associated factors with VI.ResultsOut of 2025 enumerated adults, 1690 (83.5%) were examined at the household level and 1575 (78%) completed all study procedures. The prevalence of VI was found to be 24.5% (95% CI 21.1 to 26.3) and blindness was 5% (95% CI 3.9 to 6.1). The most common causes of VI were uncorrected refractive errors (50%) and cataract (37%). The VI in study participants was found to be associated with age, gender, marital and educational status.ConclusionsVI is still a public health problem in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana. Provision of spectacles and cataract surgical services are simple interventions to address this issue.

scholarly journals The prevalence of retinopathy in diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors: a community-based cross sectional study in peri urban area

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Gupta ◽  
Anshuman Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Agarwal ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Shalini Sarouthia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Visual impairment i.e. diabetic retinopathy is the one of most common manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Globally it is becoming an increasing public health problem especially in the developing countries because of increase in number of diabetic patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the vicinity of Urban Heath and Training Centre (UHTC), Peoples University, Bhopal over a period of 6 months through screening in camps held, which included a total of 840 participants (aged ≥25 years) by following simple random procedure and in those who had newly diagnosed or long standing diabetes were referred to ophthalmologist for further evaluation. Retinopathy was determined by ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography. Anthropometric measurements (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin were also evaluated among the confirmed diabetic patients in the study.Results: An increased prevalence of diabetes (5.95%) and retinopathy (28%) (95% CI 11.2-32.0) was found. In all age groups prevalence of bilateral blindness, bilateral low vision, unilateral blindness and unilateral low vision were respectively 2%, 28%, 0%, 70%. Independent risk indicators for the occurrence of diabetes such as age, BMI, HbA1c, were found significant for the occurrence of retinopathy in the study population.Conclusions: Visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy remains an important public health problem in people with diabetes so timely interventions are required to resolve this major issue.

scholarly journals Assessment of visual problems in elderly in an urban slum community of Mumbai

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Vinod S. Kamble ◽  
Aparna Y. Takpere ◽  
Santosh Biradar ◽  
Sriniwas Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Problems ◽  
Slum Community

Background: Visual problems in the elderly share a major portion of the disability in the elderly. Visual impairment in the elderly can interfere with daily activities tremendously leading to dependence in many things. It can also lead to accidents and falls. Hence a study was carried out in an urban slum community at Mumbai to assess the various visual problems in the elderly, its causes and the prevalence. Methodology: Community based cross-sectional study of the elderly persons residing in an urban slum of Mumbai. Results: 65.54% (426) people had visual disability. Of 426 people with visual impairment 405(95.07%) people had low vision and 21 (4.93%) were blind. It was observed that errors of refraction (63.85%) and cataract (18.31%) were the most common cause of visual impairment. Conclusion: Visual impairment and disability is a major problem of the elderly. Errors of refraction and Cataract are the major causes for this disability which can be treated, thus preventing visual handicap and dependency.

scholarly journals Refractive errors and visual impairment among children and adolescents in southernmost China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Peng ◽  
Ling Gao ◽  
Yunyan Zheng ◽  
Yanan Dai ◽  
Qing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Refractive errors and visual impairment in southernmost China have not been reported previously. We aim to investigate and determine the age-specific prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and visual impairment based on a large population cross-sectional study in Hainan area of southernmost tropical province in China. Methods A population-based sample of 31,524 children aged 6–15 years from Hainan was assessed. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction and visual acuity (VA) analyses were performed on all participants and a subgroup of participants undergoing cycloplegia. Results Of all participants, 23.0% presented uncorrected VA (UCVA) was worse than 20/40 in worse eye, 6.0% presented mild presenting visual acuity impairment (PVAI), 7.0% presented moderate PVAI, 0.2% presented severe PVAI in the better eye, and 46.9% presented abnormal UCVA [worse than 20/25 (≥ 6, < 8 years old) and worse than 20/20 (≥ 8 years and older)] at least in one eye. The overall prevalence of myopia [spherical equivalent (SE) ≤  − 0.50 D] and high myopia (SE ≤  − 6.00 D) were 46.0%, 1.0% respectively. Hyperopia [SE ≥  + 1.00 D (≥ 7 years old) and SE ≥  + 2.00 D (≥ 6, < 7 years old)] and significant hyperopia (SE ≥  + 3.00 D) were 4.2 and 0.6%, respectively. Astigmatism [cylinder ≥ 1.00 D (≥ 7 years old) and ≥ 1.75 D (≥ 6, < 7 years old)] was found in 31.9%. Conclusions Myopia was the most common refractive error in southernmost province in China (Hainan). Its prevalence increased with age, while hyperopia prevalence showed a decreasing trend. However, myopia, especially high myopia prevalence was much lower than in other urban regions across China.

Sleep time and homework hours/daily are associated with reduced visual acuity among school students aged 9–18 in Shenyang in 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110080
Author(s):  
Hezuo Liu ◽  
Shi Ren ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Yinglong Bai ◽  
Lingling Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to explore the prevalence of reduced visual acuity and its associated factors among school students in Shenyang in 2016. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Ministry of Education’ Student Physical Fitness (MESPF) monitoring in 2016. A total of 13,642 students aged 9–18 years were surveyed in Shenyang. The unaided distance visual acuity was measured, and questionnaire on lifestyle behaviors that may affect visual acuity was investigated among students. The prevalence of reduced visual acuity and its associated factors were analyzed. Results: The average prevalence of reduced visual acuity among students aged 9–18 years was 65.8%, and severe reduced visual acuity was main (42.9%), and there were statistical effect of age, gender, and region on the prevalence of reduced visual acuity. Binary and multi variable logistic regression results revealed that students sleeping <8 h, homework hours ⩾1 h, and parental myopia had an increased risk of reduced visual acuity. Conclusions: Sleep time <8 h and homework time ⩾1 h may be associated with reduced visual acuity among students in Shenyang. Therefore, it is benefit for student to get enough sleep and decreasing studying time in order to prevent and reduce poor vision.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN JARAK DAN LAMA PAPARAN SINAR BIRU PESAWAT TELEVISI TERHADAP FUNGSI REFRAKSI PADA ANAK DI SEKOLAH DASAR GEREJA MASEHI INJILI DI MINAHASA 20 MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunike D. Toar ◽  
Jimmy Rumampuk ◽  
Fransisca Lintong
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Watching Tv

Abstract: Nowadays, watching television has become an integral part of children's daily activities. Albeit, TV can have a negative impact on their eyes due to the produced blue light. In the spectrum of light, this blue light is acceptable to the eye but it can cause eye damages by the free radicals produced. The risk of the damage depends on the light length and the exposure intensity. This study aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between the distance of watching TV and the duration of exposure to the blue light from TV with the refraction by measuring visual acuity. This was a cross-sectional study. The population was students of grade 1 to grade 5 of the GMIM 20 elementary school, Manado. Samples were 30 students who underwent visual acuity measurement. The results showed a P-value > 0.05 by using a linear regression. The correlation of the distance of watching TV and the duration of exposure to the blue light with the visual acuity of the right eyes showed a P-value of 0.184 and of the left eyes a P-value of 0.967. Conclusion: Among the GMIM 20 elementary school students in Manado there was no correlation between the distance of watching TV and the duration of exposure to the blue light of the television with eye refraction. Keywords: television, blue light, exposure.     Abstrak: Dewasa ini, televisi telah merupakan alat informasi dan hiburan yang terintegrasi dalam aktivitas keseharian anak-anak. Televisi bisa berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan mata akibat sinar biru yang dihasilkan. Sinar biru terdapat pada spektrum yang masih dapat diterima oleh mata, namun dapat menyebabkan kerusakan mata akibat oleh radikal bebas yang dihasilkannya. Risiko kerusakan mata tergantung pada panjang cahaya dan intensitas paparan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jarak dan lama paparan sinar biru pesawat televisi terhadap fungsi refraksi dengan melakukan pengukuran tajam penglihatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross-sectional design, dan mengikutsertakan siswa kelas 1 sampai kelas 5 SD GMIM 20 Manado sebagai populasi. Pada sampel sebanyak 30 siswa dilakukan pengukuran tajam penglihatan. Hasil penelitian dengan regresi linier memperlihatkan nilai P > 0,05. Korelasi jarak dan lama paparan sinar biru televisi terhadap tajam penglihatan mata kanan memperlihatkan nilai P = 0,184, dan terhadap tajam penglihatan mata kiri P = 0,967. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jarak dan lama paparan sinar biru pesawat televisi terhadap fungsi refraksi siswa di SD GMIM 20 Manado. Kata kunci: televisi, sinar biru, paparan.

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