scholarly journals Scenario of Poisoning Cases in Adults Admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maskey ◽  
M Parajuli ◽  
SC Kohli ◽  
S Baral ◽  
S Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Steep Rise ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Group 15

Background: Acute poisoning is a common medical emergency encountered in practice. The knowledge profile of poisoning cases encountered in a particular area is useful to prepare health care professionals to handle these emergencies efficiently. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out by perusing and analyzing the hospital records of all the 160 cases of poisoning admitted above 15 years of age to Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from July 2008 to June 2011. Results: The maximum percentage (43.1%) of poisoning cases occurred in younger age group (15-24 years). Gender distribution of poisoning cases showed steep rise in males after 40 years of age with male to female ratio of 3.8:1. Suicidal poisoning are most common 122 (76%). Organophosphorus compounds were most common cause of poisoning 67 (41.9%). Conclusion: Highest number of cases of poisoning was encountered in younger age group 15-24 years. There was steep rise of poisoning cases after 40 years of age in males (M:F=3.8:1). Organophosphorus compounds were most commonly used for this purpose. Keywords: Acute poisoning; organophosphorus; snake bite; suicide DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5792   Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 23-26

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Acute Poisoning in Children at a Teaching Hospital in Lalitpur

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Kumar Dhakal ◽  
D Shrestha ◽  
A Shakya ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
H Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Introduction: Acute poisonings are one of the common cause of emergency visits and hospital admissions and is potentially preventable cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to identify the common type of poisoning in children, to determine types of poisoning according to age and to find out the common age group in which the incidence of poisoning was high.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited the emergency department and were admitted to hospital with history of alleged poisoning from 2009 July to 2014 January.Results: Fifty patients were included. Drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common cause of poisoning. Drugs and kerosene below 10 years of age and organophosphorus and drugs above 10 years of age were common types of poisoning. Maximum numbers (50%) of children with poisoning cases were below five year of age. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.1days and mean age of poisoning was 7.8 years with a male(54%) predominance. Majority of poisoning occurred at home (84%) and 68% of patients were symptomatic at presentation to hospital with 84% of patients presenting to hospital within six hours.Conclusion: This study showed that drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common forms of poisoning. Young children were most vulnerable for acute poisoning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10139J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):100-103 

scholarly journals Acquired heart diseases in children in Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital, Gadarif state, Eastern Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Samia O. Massaad ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed A. Ahmed ◽  
Afra M. Mustafa ◽  
Sami Eldirdiri Elgaili Salah ◽  
Saeed M. Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Valvular Lesion ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Rheumatic Heart ◽  
Eastern Sudan

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acquired heart diseases (AHD) are heterogeneous diseases including rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and other affecting the heart and blood vessels after birth but usually appear clinically after 5 years of age. AHD considered as major cause of   morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to document the spectrum, the affected age and clinical characteristics of AHDs in children of Gadarif state, eastern Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: This was a descriptive cross section study conducted in Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital in period from June to Dec 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 46 children from Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital with confirmed AHD were enrolled in this study. The females were 27 (58.7%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. The mean age was 10.6±3.9 years (age’s ≤16 years old); the most common affected age group was 10-14 years accounted 18 (39.1) cases. RHD was the commonest AHD found in 38 (82.6%) patients, the commonest valvular lesion was mitral regurgitation 31 (73.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RHD was the most common AHD in the children in the present study, there is need to improve the scope of intervention facilities in the Sudan particularly in rural areas to prevent the growing and spread of these diseases.</p>

Patterns of acute poisoning among children admitted tomaternity and children,teaching hospital,Al Diwaniyah city,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel J Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
At Home

Acute poisoning,a common pediatric emergency,is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children,especially in developing countries. The patterns of poisoning usually differ from country to country and from province to another within the same country.The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of acute chemical and drug poisoning.cases admitted to the emergency department (ED)ofmaternity and children,teaching hospital in Al- Diwaniyah city and to compare poisoning characteristics between different age groupsin the region. A review of medical records of 125 poisoningcases under 7 years of age, except for cases of food poisoning,snake bite,scorpion stings and cases with incomplete data were not included in this study,presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) during 2016 were determined.The mean age of all poisoned patients (mean ± standard deviation) was 2.26 ± 0.750.One hundred and twenty five children,forming 2.2% (125/5494) of total emergency unit admissions of all patients,were under seven years of age. Slightly more boys 71 (56.8%) than girls 54 (43.2%) were intoxicated with the male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The majority of all cases were due to accidental poisoning. In patients younger than one year of age 23 (18.4%),of all poisonings were due to therapeutically error,1 – 3 year 47 (37.6%),4 – 7 year 55 (44%). Chemical agents (58.4%) mostly kerosene (30.1%),agriculturalpesticides/insecticides (19.1%),were the most frequent offending agent,followed by drugs comprised (41.6%),mostly due to Cold and cough medication (15.3%),The vast majority of these materials was stored in non-original containers,These drugs were available at home,being used either by the child or the parents and grandparents.The most common route of poisoning was ingestion of the poison (118 patients; 94.4%) and most were ingested inside the house (73.6%). No deaths were reported.There were obvious seasonal variations and most cases were admitted during in summer (42.4%) and spring (29.6%). Patients from rural areas (57.6%) were more than the patients from the urban areas (42.4%). Effective health promotional programs for parents regarding poisoning hazards are needed to increase the awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children in our region in addition correct dealing with the chemical materials. A relationship exists between the parents’ level of education and the occurrence of pediatric poisoning particularly mothers. Since the level of education in this study was lower in the mothers and for mothers are those who take primary care of children at home; they should be educated regarding care and prevention of lethal injuries to their children at home.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Deaths due to Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning in Bangladesh-A Study at Dhaka Medical College

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Elias Bin Akber ◽  
Abu Jamil Forhad ◽  
Mohammad Habibuzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
AM Ashraful Anam ◽  
Israt Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Medical College

Poisoning with Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) is one of the important leading causes of morbidity and mortality for the countrymen of Bangladesh. OPC poisoning is a common cause of acute poisoning. The study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of death due to OPC poisoning. This paper presents the study of total 852 cases of poisoning comprising 6.42% of the total 13,300 autopsies done during the period of three years (from 01/01/2009 to 31/12/2011) at Dhaka Medical College Mortuary. Of them, there were 478 cases of OPC poisoning. Most of the victims were from rural areas i.e. 296 cases (61.92%) and 182 cases (38.07%) from urban areas. 274 male victims (57.32%) outnumbered females i.e. 204 cases (42.67%) and the most affected age group was 21-30 years i.e. 214 cases (44.76% ). Farmers were the commonest victim i.e. 270 cases (56.48%) followed by housewives i.e. 105 cases (21.96%). Ingestion was the commonest route of poisoning i.e. 460 cases comprising 96.23% followed by 12 cases of inhalation (2.51%) and others. Suicide dominated the list of manner of death i.e. 466 cases comprising 97.48% followed by accidental i.e. 12 cases (2.51%) of the total 478 cases of OPC poisoning. CBMJ 2014 July: Vol. 03 No. 02 P: 29-33

scholarly journals Study of Drug Utilization on Acute Poisoning Cases Treated at Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sreya Todi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Acute poisoning is common everywhere in medical emergency.  Acute poisoning may be due to deliberate exposure to drugs, chemicals and natural toxins or accidental which is emergency for common medical health.  The main aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of drug utilization, poisoning agents, and outcome in patients with treated acute poisoning. Material and Methods:  This prospective cross sectional study was carried out in the emergency department of a tertiary care centre over a one year period. Result: During the period of 1 year total 310 Acute poisoning cases were recorded by us. Out of 310 acute poisoning cases 170(54.8%) were male where as females were 140(45.2%). The majority of cases were from age group of 20 -50 years in males whereas mean age of female patients was 37.3 years and majority of the cases were from 25-50 age group. The most common route of exposure to poisons (69.6%) was ingestion and followed by dermal exposure (in cases of venomous animal exposures) (25.8%) and inhalation (4.6%).The most common symptomatic treatments given to the patients were antimicrobials (88.7% of cases),  antiemetics (82.6%% of cases), H2 blockers (72.9% of cases) and Atropine (51% of cases), pralidoxime (41.6% of cases)  Proton pump inhibitors and  Vasopressor agents  etc respectively. The most commonly prescribed specific antidotes were Anti-snake venom (ASV) (12.9% of cases).Conclusion: In the present study, the main causes of poisoning were identified as household products in urban areas of India. Awareness about the dangers of such poisons should be the added responsibility of  health and hospital authorities. Poison control center establishment in the region will also help in preventing and controlling such poisoning events.

Acute poisoning in southern part of Bangladesh – The case load is decreasing

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Chowdhury ◽  
AU Rahman ◽  
FR Mohammed ◽  
A Chowdhury ◽  
HAMN Ahasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
Puffer Fish

This retrospective study was carried out in the Medicine Department of Khulna Medical College, the biggest tertiary hospital in the southern part of Bangladesh to observe the trends of poisoning in southern part of Bangladesh over four years including age and sex variation, mode of poisoning, type of poison used and outcome of poisoning. The hospital medical records of all patients, aged 10 years and above with history of acute poisoning from January, 2003 to December, 2006 were enrolled. Patients were categorized into four age group including Group (Gr.) I, Gr. II, Gr. III & Gr. IV having age range of 10-20, 21-30, 31-40 & >40 respectively. Underlying causes of poisoning were also observed totally and individually in different mode with male, female ratio and the percentage. Death cases according to mode of poisoning with demographic alignment were also observed. Statistical analysis were done using epi-info version 3.5.1 and measures were presented as proportion and percentage. Among 1903 cases, 1012 (53.1%) were male and 891 (46.8%) female with a ratio of 1.4: 1. The year wise total number of cases were progressively decreased from 627 (2003) to 353 (2006). Most commonly found toxic agent was Organo-Phosphate compound (526; 27.64%) with a very little sexual variation & this trend remained same in all study years. Poisoning with unknown substance was the second leading cause (16.03%) followed by Copper-sulphate (14.03%), Sedative (13.35%), Snakebite (12.93%) etc. Incidence of unknown poisoning, sedatives, snake-bite and corrosives were found to be gradually decreased over the study years. Male were found mostly affected in majority type of poisoning except Copper-sulphate, kerosene, puffer fish, paracetamol and other drugs category. Age group II (710; 37.3%) was the most vulnerable group with male (57.89%) preponderance followed by group I (643; 33.7%), III (329; 17.2%) and IV (221; 11.6%) respectively. Highest 1308 (68.7%) cases were suicidal in mode followed by 304 (15.9%) accidental and 291 (15.2%) homicidal. Out of 1903, 140 (7.3%) patients died. Death rate was highest in OPC poisoning (52.1%) followed by unknown substance (13.5%), snakebite and copper-sulphate (11.4%) etc. In an agro-based country like Bangladesh, it’s very difficult to reduce the poisoning cases and mortality. Prospectively designed multi-centered studies are needed to reflect the epidemiological properties of poisonings throughout Bangladesh, and would be very valuable for the determination of preventive measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i2.8436 BMRCB 2011; 37(2): 61-65

scholarly journals Poisoning cases attending emergency department in Dhulikhel Hospital- Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
SB Marahatta ◽  
J Singh ◽  
R Shrestha ◽  
R Koju
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Phosphorus Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the characteristics of acute poisoning cases admitted to emergency department over a one year period. The demographic, clinical and psycho-social aspects of the patients were analysed. Materials and methods: A hospital based study was carried out in the emergency department, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital/ Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel analysing the data of the poisoning cases attended for one year. The study was carried out amongst inpatients attending emergency with acute poisoning. Results: A total of 54 patients were admitted to the emergency department with acute poisoning. The female-to-male ratio was 1.34:1. Most poisoning occurred in the age group of above 40 years. The mean ages of female and male were 29.87 ±14.85 years and 35.54±15.02 years respectively. By occupation 40.38% of the cases were farmers. Only 35.29% of the patients were illiterate. 79.24% of the cases intentionally consume the poison. Organ phosphorus poisoning (OP) was the most common poisoning. Oral route was the commonest route of poisoning accounting 98.1%. Sixty-six percentage (66.66%) of the cases had the poison stored in their home with 27.7% bought from the market once needed. Among the cases of acute poisoning 5.55% were fatal. Conclusion: The following conclusions were reached: (1) females were at greater risk for poisoning than males, (2) self-poisoning cases constituted the majority of all poisonings, and (3) the main agents of self-poisoning were OP poisoning. Key words: poisoning; insecticides; organophosphorus DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i2.2711 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009) Vol.7, No.2 Issue 26,152-156

Patterns of acute poisoning among children admitted tomaternity and children,teaching hospital,Al Diwaniyah city,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel J Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
At Home

Acute poisoning,a common pediatric emergency,is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children,especially in developing countries. The patterns of poisoning usually differ from country to country and from province to another within the same country.The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of acute chemical and drug poisoning cases admitted to the emergency department (ED)of maternity and children,teaching hospital in Al- Diwaniyah city and to compare poisoning characteristics between different age groupsin the region. A review of medical records of 125 poisoningcases under 7 years of age, except for cases of food poisoning,snake bite,scorpion stings and cases with incomplete data were not included in this study,presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) during 2016 were determined.The mean age of all poisoned patients (mean ± standard deviation) was 2.26 ± 0.750.One hundred and twenty five children,forming 2.2% (125/5494) of total emergency unit admissions of all patients,were under seven years of age. Slightly more boys 71 (56.8%) than girls 54 (43.2%) were intoxicated with the male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The majority of all cases were due to accidental poisoning. In patients younger than one year of age 23 (18.4%),of all poisonings were due to therapeutically error,1 – 3 year 47 (37.6%),4 – 7 year 55 (44%). Chemical agents (58.4%) mostly kerosene (30.1%),agriculturalpesticides/insecticides (19.1%),were the most frequent offending agent,followed by drugs comprised (41.6%),mostly due to Cold and cough medication (15.3%),The vast majority of these materials was stored in non-original containers,These drugs were available at home,being used either by the child or the parents and grandparents.The most common route of poisoning was ingestion of the poison (118 patients; 94.4%) and most were ingested inside the house (73.6%). No deaths were reported. There were obvious seasonal variations and most cases were admitted during in summer (42.4%) and spring (29.6%). Patients from rural areas (57.6%) were more than the patients from the urban areas (42.4%). Effective health promotional programs for parents regarding poisoning hazards are needed to increase the awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children in our region in addition correct dealing with the chemical materials. A relationship exists between the parents’ level of education and the occurrence of pediatric poisoning particularly mothers. Since the level of education in this study was lower in the mothers and for mothers are those Who take primary care of children at home; they should be educated regarding care and prevention of lethal injuries to their children at home.

Undernutrition Among Indian Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashwant Pandharinath Patil ◽  
Ramkrishna Lahu Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Indian Men

The objective of this study was to evaluate zonal and state-wise prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among Indian men in the age-group of 15 to 54 years based on sampled data of 74,369 respondents from the National Family Health Survey-3. A common anthropometric measure, body mass index, is used to determine the prevalence as it is considered to be a good measure of undernutrition. Overall, 28.6% ( SE = 0.17%) of Indian men are classified as underweight, and 52.5% ( SE = 0.62%) of the younger age-group (15-19 years) are underweight. The highest prevalence of underweight men in Indian states is observed in Tripura (39.8%; SE = 1.85%), followed by Rajasthan (39.3%; SE = 1.28%), Chhattisgarh (37.2%; SE = 1.3%), and Gujarat (35.7%; SE = 1.3%). The highest and lowest prevalence among zones are reported for central (34.5%; SE = 0.39%) and northeast (18%; SE = 0.34%) zones, respectively. The bivariate analysis using chi-square test concludes the significant association ( p < .001) between the body mass index groups and each of the explanatory variable. Significant difference ( p ≤ .002) is reported in the mean heights of underweight and non–underweight men among four out of six zones of India. From multivariate logistic regression analysis, we observed that for India as a whole, men with no education, low/medium standard of living, and the younger age-group (15-19 years) have significantly ( p < .001) higher chances of being underweight. We also observed similar results for many Indian states at different significance levels. In conclusion, the distribution of underweight in India remains segregated by socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinical Outcome of Snakebite in Western Nepal: A Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
D Karki ◽  
B Sharma ◽  
R Koirala ◽  
A Nagila
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Snake Bites

Introduction: Snakebite is an environmental hazard associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is an important medical emergency and cause of significant numbers of hospital admissions in many parts of the Asian region. In this study, we assess the epidemiology and clinical outcome of snake bite. Methods: This was a retrospective study of all patients with snake bites admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, kaski, Nepal. A total numbers of 265 snake bite cases in the period of 2013 to 2016 were enrolled in this study. Snake bite cases by person, place and time along with month of snake bite and time of bite, were analyzed. We also identified the types of snake and site of the bite. Sign and symptoms were clinically observed and the management of the snake bite cases was clinically done. Prothrombin time (PT) test along with INR value was performed by Medical Technologist at the Department of Laboratory, Manipal Teaching Hospital. Data was entered in to the Microsoft excel and analyzed by SPPS version 21.0. Percentages were applied to find the results. Results: Total numbers of snake bite cases were 265. More than half, 60.4% of the snake bite cases were females. Regarding the age group, nearly half, 47.9% were in the age group of 20 - 40 years and 9.8% cases were in the age group of 60 years and above. In this study, 50.6% bite cases were held at the day time and most of the bites were reported/ observed in the limb, 53.6% in lower limb, and 43.4% in the upper limb. Very few bites were in the head, neck and trunk. Our result shows 49.1% were green snake and 30.9% snake were unidentified. When we observed the sign and symptoms, 153 (57.7%) cases showed local swelling, 83 (31.3%) showed fang mark. Hematological manifestation were 144 (54.3%) cases and complication observed in 145 (54.7%) cases. Snake bite cases were managed after PT/INR test, INR. Antibiotic were prescribed in 154 cases and in 135 (50.9%) cases blood was transfused. There were no fetal cases noticed among hospital admitted snake bite cases. Conclusion: There is gross disparity in the management and outcomes of snake bite in different hospitals. Snake bite cases should manage in tertiary care hospital as early as possible.

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