scholarly journals Rural Livelihoods at Risk: A Case of Devghat Gaunpalika in the Western Hills, Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Shiba Prasad Rijal
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Key Informant Interview

People's livelihood determines by a variety of factors- availability of assets, opportunities, and restrictions created by the environment, and people's evaluation of these factors. The present paper aims to analyze adversities of rural livelihoods focusing on the case of Devghat Gaunpalika of Tanahun district, Nepal. This article is based on primary data/information acquired from a field survey conducted during December 2017 through group discussion, key informant interview, and field observation. People in the Devghat area perform farm and off-farm activities to eke out wide shorts of their livelihood needs. However, livelihood in this area is at risk owing to combination of adversities such as food insufficiency, shortage of facilities and services, low level of educational attainment, lower household income, and others. Three-fourth of the households adopted agriculture as their main occupation to fulfil their household needs. Household income is low. About of 62 percent households earn below NRs 5000 per month. Twenty-five percent of the population earns their livelihood by working as wage-based labors. A low level of educational attainment and poor coping capacity also indicate local livelihoods at risk.

scholarly journals Conflict betwen Bankariya and other Stakeholders for the use of Forest Product

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Gautam ◽  
Ram Bahadur Karki
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Forest User

Socio-culturally and economically every rural community of Nepal are associated with forest for their livelihood and identity but simultaneously governmental policy for the protection of forest is not in the favor of people, which has been creating conflict between people and other stakeholder including governmental organization. This research tries to know the causes and consequences of conflict between Bankariya and other stakeholders. This research was carried out between the period May to December 2013. According to nature of the problem descriptive research design has been applied. Handikhola VDC of Makwanpur district has been selected as an universe purposively. Both primary and secondary sources of data were applied in this study. Case study, key informant interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods were applied for primary data collection. The findings shows that the living condition of Bankariya has changed after the government has provided them 6 hectors land for 40 years at Mushedhap. Still date forest based products are extremely beneficial for the enhancement of their livelihoods. The major problems faced by Bankariya community regarding to use of forest based resources are; not having their own permanent land for settlement and agriculture purpose, provision of present rules and regulation, and attitude of other elite persons/groups for dominating them. Forest resource based conflicts of Bankariya is mainly related with local people and other forest user group committee members as compared to Parsa Wild Life Reserve and District Forest Office of Makawanpur. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11080 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 210-221

scholarly journals Reciprocity between agricultural management and productivity in Nawalparasi district

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Bhola Nath Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Key Informant Interview

 Farm management is the making, organizing and operating a farm through the appropriate and timely inputs for maximum production and profit. This paper seeks to explore farm land management practices in-terms of input use in three different sites: Jahada, Palhi and Ramnagar of Nawalparasi district. The paper is based on collected primary data through household questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII) and field observation methods. Secondary sources of data through topographic and cadastral maps have also been used in this study. Use of different types of labour force, increasing the input use of manure, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, use of modern machineries, development of irrigation facilities, land intensification and crop diversification are the major strategies for agricultural development adopted by local peoples in the study sites.

scholarly journals Changing Rural Livelihood Strategies in the Community of Goljung, Rasuwa

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Dhyanendra Bahadur Rai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Trade Route

 Different patterns of livelihood are found in different places within same community or different communities over the generation. Therefore livelihood strategy is a changing process of an individual or a household level of economic and social activities in order to fulfill daily livelihood needs. This paper seeks to explore the changing rural livelihood strategies of a community in mountain region of Nepal. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from field survey, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interview (KII). Questionnaire survey was conducted within 52 households by applying random sampling method. Likewise five KII and three FGDs were conducted and participants belonged to different field i.e. ward chairperson, ward women member, businessmen, wage labor, farmer and social worker. The finding indicates that livelihood strategies are changing rapidly in the rural areas. Similarly, multiple sources of income of a household have resulted into secured livelihood system in Goljung. Despite the fact that the agriculture with livestock farming was an important traditional source of livelihood in the past, the roles of non-agricultural sectors have become significant for livelihood sustaining in the rural community in Goljung, Rasuwa in the present days. After a decade, development of the hydro-electricity projects and trade route between Nepal and China has played the catalyst role for changing rural livelihoods of local people in this village. The Third Pole: Journal of GeographyVol. 17: 20-36, 2017

scholarly journals Diversification of Livelihood Strategies in Melamchi Valley, Sindhupalchok District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Madhu Krishna Neupane ◽  
Dhyanendra Bahadur Rai
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Community People ◽  
Market Center ◽  
Key Informant Interview

 Livelihood strategy varies from place to place. People living in certain place have a diverse strategy over time. This study attempts to analyze the sources of livelihood, livelihood strategies of different communities and their adaptive strategies in Melamchi Valley. The livelihood patterns and the strategies have been dealt on the basis of community. This study is based on primary data that are collected using household questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview. A set of standardized questionnaire, observation sheet, and checklist were used for information collection. The finding of the study portrays that paddy is the major crop cultivated by Brahmin/Kshetri communities whereas millet and maize are the principal crops cultivated by Tamang community. People of this area are attracted towards cash generating activities than the subsistence agriculture farming in the present days. The people of market center are motivated towards trade and business whereas the people of remote area have dependence on remittance. The trend of foreign migration for earning livelihood is high among the rural settlements. Similarly, earning from wage labor in the informal sectors has become important source of livelihood in Melamchi Valley.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 113-126, 2018

scholarly journals Land Holding and Livelihoods: A Synthesis from Modi Khola Watershed, Nepal

2009 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Shiba Prasad Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Western Development ◽  
Food Sufficiency ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Sufficient Food

This paper is an attempt to analyze land holding pattern and its consequences in rural livelihoods especially of Modi Khola watershed located in Western Development Region, Nepal. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from 360 households selected randomly from Modi Khola watershed during September-October, 2002. Land is an important natural asset, has greater implications on people's livelihoods. The distribution of land among households is uneven in this area. The implications of unequal distribution and access of land can clearly be seen on household income as well as level of food sufficiency. The average household income increases with the increase in land holding size. Likewise, the percentage of household reporting sufficient food production for household consumption increases with land holding size. Thus, the well-being of local people is largely tied-up with amount of land owned by the household. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v5i0.1952 The Third Pole, Vol. 5-7, PP 43-51:2007

scholarly journals ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN TANGKAP (Studi Kasus: Kota Kendari)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Deshinta Vibriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Average Household Income

Sumber daya perikanan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup dan kesejahteraan nelayan. Namun pada kenyataannya belum mampu membuat nelayan keluar dari jeratan kemiskinan. Pendapatan yang bersifat tidak pasti membuat keberlanjutan profesi sebagai nelayan tangkap menjadi terancam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan nelayan dan pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan di Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara.  Pengumpulan data primer di lakukan pada bulan Mei tahun 2015 di desa Purirano dan Bungkutoko dengan mewawancarai 200 responden di tingkat rumah tangga. Data primer diperoleh juga melalui  Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka.  Analisis data dilakukan dengan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pendapatan rumah tangga sampel perbulan di kedua lokasi Rp2.307.863. Pendapatan rata-rata  di Kelurahan Purirano Rp3.094.803 lebih tinggi dari pendapatan di Kelurahan Bungkutoko sebesar Rp1.981.209. Rata-rata pendapatan rumah tangga tertinggi diperoleh pada musim gelombang tenang (sekitar Rp3 juta), dan terendah pada musim panceklik (sekitar Rp1,6 juta). Faktor pembeda pendapatan nelayan yaitu (1) faktor internal (kepemilikan jenis armada dan alat tangkap dan besarnya biaya produksi), (2) faktor eksternal (musim, harga dan pemasaran, dan degradasi sumber daya laut). Title: Descriptive Analysis of Socio Economic Factors Influencing to Fishers’ Household Income (Case Study: Kendari City)Fisheries resources are potential to improve the living standard and welfare of fishers, however, its production has not able yet to lift fishers out of poverty. The uncertain level of income threaten the sustainability of the fishers livelihood. This study aims to determine factors that influence the income of fishers and fisheries resources management in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. Primary data were collected from 200 household respondents in May 2015 through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in Purirano and Bungkutoko villages. Secondary data were collected from literature. Data were analysed using SPSS program. The results showed that average household income per month in the two locations was IDR2,307,863.  The average income in Purirano Sub-district was IDR3,094,803. It was IDR1,981,209 higher than the income in Bungkutoko Sub-District.The highest average household income was obtained during the calm wave season (around IDR 3 million), and the lowest income was obtained in the strong wave season (around IDR 1.6 million). The fishers income differentiate factors are (1) internal factors (ownership of fleet type, fishing gear, and production costs), (2) external factors (season, prices and marketing, and degradation of marine resources). 

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN PENGETAHUAN IBU YANG MEMPUNYAI BAYI USIA 7-12 BULAN TENTANG PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS AIR DINGIN KELURAHAN AIA PACAH KOTA PADANG TAHUN 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Nila eza Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Not At Risk

Mother's milk (ASI) plays an important role to maintain the health and survival of babies. The low level of exclusive breastfeeding based on the Ministry of National program is 40% and 30% due to the factors of maternal age, employment, education, and husband's support. Based on data from the Padang City Health Office the working area of ​​the Air Dingin health center is the lowest percentage (33.85%). The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and level of knowledge of mothers who have babies aged 7-12 months about exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of ​​cold water puskesmas in Aia Pacah village, Padang city in 2018.This type of research is descriptive. This research was conducted in August 2018 in Aia Pacah Village, Padang City. The study population was all mothers who had babies aged 7-12 months in the Aia Pacah village, Padang. The sample in this study was 68 people with total sampling technique. Using primary data. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires and filling out informed consent. Data processing techniques for editing, coding, entry and cleaning. Data analysis is carried out univariately. The results showed that of the 68 respondents who had ASI production age were not at risk as many as 52 people (76.4%), respondents who had ASI production age were at risk as many as 16 people (23.5%) giving exclusive breastfeeding, respondents who had as much higher education 45 people (66.1%), respondents who have a low education level of 23 people (33.8%), respondents who work as many as 22 people (32.2%), respondents who do not work as many as 46 people (67.6% ), respondents with high knowledge were 32 people (47.0%) and respondents with low knowledge as many as 36 people (52.9%).From the data above, it can be concluded that most mothers have breast milk production age not at risk in exclusive breastfeeding. More than half of mothers who have babies aged 7-12 months do not work. More than half of mothers who have higher education in exclusive breastfeeding. More than half of mothers who have a low level of knowledge in exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Impact of Bridge Construction for Improved Livelihood in Rural Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Susmita Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Freight Volume ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Key Informant Interview

Nepal has thousands of rivers flowing over its terrain. It needs many bridges for smooth transportation. In this background, this study highlights impact of road bridges like infrastructures on rural livelihood and importance of the local participation in such infrastructure development programme. The study area as the Zone of Influence of ChirdiKhola is ward no. 7 and 10 of Phalebas Municipality which has 1026 households and 4423 populations. Household survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview, observation techniques were used for collecting primary data whereas secondary data were generated from district profile and table review. This study reveals that the bridge has directly or indirectly played crucial role in increasing the freight volume, decreasing the freight cost, increase in number of peoples seeking health facilities through health centers. Local peoples participated to identify the need of bridge and cooperated during the construction of bridge for effective implementation. Motorable Bridge plays vital role in social upliftment and generating the new ideas of income generations. This study also put some light on how Motorable Bridges are constructed in local levels through different programmes, Departments of Nepal Government and the role of District Development Committees in Motorable Bridge projects.

scholarly journals THE VULNERABILITY AND LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES OF URBAN REDEVELOPMENT-INDUCED RELOCATEES IN ADDIS ABABA: THE CASE OF PEOPLE RELOCATED FROM ARADA-SUBCITY TO NIFAS SILK LAFTO-SUBCITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 974-979
Author(s):  
Habtamu Atlaw
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Key Informant Interview

The study aimed to investigate the vulnerability and livelihood strategies of urban relocatees. The study used purely qualitative research methodology. Semi-structured interview, key informant interview, focus group discussion and observation were employed to generate primary data. Relocating people from inner city slum to the outskirt has left relocatees vulnerable to weak social network. However, it has led relocatees turn out to be free of exclusion. Relocation has enabled relocated people to live in neat and better planned environment. It, however, exposed relocatees to unaffordable urban monetized life. Relocatees employed various strategies to cope up with the relocation- induced stun, such as, changing consumption pattern, reducing expenditure, using second hand product and increasing the quantity of labor in household. The strategies also increase relocatees vulnerability.

scholarly journals Contribution of Mangrove Forest to the Livelihood of Local Communities in Ayeyarwaddy Region, Myanmar

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Nyein Aye ◽  
Yali Wen ◽  
Kim Marin ◽  
Shivaraj Thapa ◽  
Aung W. Tun
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Local Livelihood

Myanmar’s forests are socially and economically significant to the country because over 70% of the country’s population depends on natural resources for daily needs. We conducted this study with the aim of assessing the extent to which direct and indirect (tangible) benefits of mangrove forest contribute to local livelihoods in the Ayeyarwaddy Region, Myanmar. We used a questionnaire survey (n = 185 households), interview and group discussion for data collection. The study shows that 43% of total household income is generated through selling of forest products collected from the mangrove forest such as firewood, fishes, crabs and prawn, whereas agricultural and non-farm incomes were found to be 25% and 32% of total income, respectively. The result prevails that income from the mangrove forest products for fish, crab, prawn and firewood is specifically 36%, 28%, 9% and 27%, respectively. Hence, we confirmed that local livelihood mainly depends on the mangrove forest ecosystem.

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