scholarly journals The Topos of Virtuality

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Zimmermann ◽  
Wolfgang Hofkirchner
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Logical Theory ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Space Networks ◽  
Tarski Algebra ◽  
Epistemic Approach ◽  
The One

Generalizing the conceptual approach to a theory of biosemiotics which is primarily based on insight from mathematical topology , we discuss here the relevance of the cognitive representation of the category of space in terms of the consequences implied by topos theory: In this sense, it is shown that a topos is a Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra for a logical theory whose models are the points of a space. We also show what kind of epistemic conclusions can be drawn from this result with a view to model theory and by doing so establish important relationships among the concepts of social space, networks, systems and evolutionary games on the one hand and semiosis on the other. We can thus achieve a suitable reconciliation of both the onto-epistemic approach of the Kassel group and the evolutionary approach of the Salzburg group, respectively, carrying us forward among other things to fundamental aspects of a unified theory of information. This first paper deals with the mentioned relationships in general spaces, the second deals with applications to virtual space proper.

Social Space and the Periodization of Economic History: A Case from Taiwan

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Steven Sangren
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
World View ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Common Value ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Data Subject

Case studies in local economic history and organization conventionally employ either of two rhetorical strategies. In the first, a particular world view, theoretical orientation, or set of basic categories is assumed and forms the basis for organizing a description of a particular case; in the second, the facts or data are marshaled in an attempt to validate, authenticate, or test an explicitly stated theoretical position. Of course, these are ideal types, and many studies quite appropriately combine both. Progress is conceived as an outcome over time in which both kinds of study contribute to ever more elegant, encompassing, and parsimonious orderings of data. The nature of the relationship between theory, assumptions, world view, and so forth on the one hand, and data, subject, or facts on the other, transcends otherwise widely divergent arguments-for example, “Marxist,” “dependency,” “neoclassical,” and (more subtly) “substantivist.” In short, a common value, broadly “positivist,” informs most Western sociaI science discourse.

scholarly journals Homophily, heterophily and the diversity of messages among decision-making individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 180027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouria Ramazi ◽  
James Riehl ◽  
Ming Cao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Cheap Talk ◽  
Convergence Result ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Dominated Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cheap Talk Games ◽  
The One

To better understand the intriguing mechanisms behind cooperation among decision-making individuals, we study the simple yet appealing use of preplay communication or cheap talk in evolutionary games, when players are able to choose strategies based on whether an opponent sends the same message as they do. So when playing games, in addition to pure cooperation and defection, players have two new strategies in this setting: homophilic (respectively, heterophilic) cooperation which is to cooperate (respectively, defect) only with those who send the same message as they do. We reveal the intrinsic qualities of individuals playing the two strategies and show that under the replicator dynamics, homophilic cooperators engage in a battle of messages and will become dominated by whichever message is the most prevalent at the start, while populations of heterophilic cooperators exhibit a more harmonious behaviour, converging to a state of maximal diversity. Then we take Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) as the base of the cheap-talk game and show that the hostility of heterophilics to individuals with similar messages leaves no possibility for pure cooperators to survive in a population of the two, whereas the one-message dominance of homophilics allows for pure cooperators with the same tag as the dominant homophilics to coexist in the population, demonstrating that homophilics are more cooperative than heterophilics. Finally, we generalize an existing convergence result on population shares associated with weakly dominated strategies to a broadly applicable theorem and complete previous research on PD games with preplay communication by proving that the frequencies of all types of cooperators, i.e. pure, homophilic and heterophilic, converge to zero in the face of defectors. This implies homophily and heterophily cannot facilitate the long-term survival of cooperation in this setting, which urges studying cheap-talk games under other reproduction dynamics.

scholarly journals CYBERSECURITY COSTS IN AN ENTERPRISE UNIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Joanna Antczak
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Time Development ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
The One ◽  
E Mail

Operation in the cyberspace of every business unit is unavoidable. Most commercial transactions, marketing activities, e-mail contact with employees or contractors are carried out using virtual space. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze selected costs for cybersecurity of an enterprise. Costs related to cybersecurity constitute a new category in the management of an enterprise. Considering the costs at the enterprise level, two areas should be discussed: on the one hand, those incurred to prevent cyber threats and on the other one, the costs of offsetting the negative effects of cyber-attacks. For the sake of stable operation and at the same time development in the future, the management should strengthen activities in the field of information security, which is related to costs that will minimize the risk of cyber-attacks.

scholarly journals Epistemic Disobedience and Decolonial Healing in Norma Elía Cantú’s Canícula

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Poks
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Border Community ◽  
Line Splitting ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
The One ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Using the U.S.-Mexican border as the place of enunciation, Cantú’s autoethnobiographical novel insists on the materiality of the border, especially for those living on its southern side, while simultaneously deconstructing it as artificial - a line splitting families and assigning nationalities on an arbitrary basis. Being a collage of photographs from the time the writer was growing up in southern Texas and the cuentos inspired by these visuals, Cantú’s Canícula documents how border crossings and re-crossings become symptomatic of living in a liminal space and how they destabilize the concept of nationality as bi-national families must learn to live with ambiguity. On the one hand, there is the undeniable materiality of the border, with its pain, fear, deportations, and other discriminatory practices; on the other, there is a growing border community of resistance cultivating the memory that they are not immigrants, that they lived in Texas before the Guadalupe-Hidalgo treaty. The paper examines the community’s strategies of survival in the contested cultural and social space and advances the thesis that, giving her community an awareness of its homogeneity and reclaiming its place within the larger socio-political context, Cantú becomes an agent of empowerment and change. She helps decolonize knowledge and being.

Teleworking in the Field of Financial Audit in the Context Generated by the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (163) ◽  
pp. 501-515
Author(s):  
Nicoleta FARCANE ◽  
◽  
Ovidiu-Constantin Bunget ◽  
Rodica BLIDISEL ◽  
Alin-Constantin DUMITRESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Financial Audit ◽  
Travelling Time ◽  
Professional Practitioners ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Restrictive Measures

In the sensitive socio-economic context generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking was, in many fields, a way to continue the activity while complying to the measures imposed by law in order to fight the spread of the new Coronavirus. On the one hand, teleworking offers flexibility in setting the work schedule, eliminates travelling time to and from the worksite and allows to attract competent employees from all over the world, by means of digitalisation. On the other hand, working from home is a challenge. The time required to transfer the activity in the virtual space, and the additional training necessary for the use of innovative information technologies can reduce efficiency and affect the work-life balance. This paper focuses on the audit profession, which had to rethink remote auditing so as to comply with the restrictive measures, but at the same time to avoid affecting the quality of audit missions. The questionnaire distributed among professional practitioners, members of the CFAR, helped us identify the perception of Romanian financial auditors on the variables influencing the efficiency of the audit work carried out in the “new normal” and the extent to which teleworking could become a practice in future financial audit missions.

I processi di integrazione delle nuove generazioni letti attraverso il capitale sociale

2012 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Guia Gilardoni
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The One

The article presents considerations regarding the usefulness of social capital in studying integration paths, and it examines research data on the integration of the new generations in Italy, analysing a sample of 17,225 preadolescents (aged 11 to 14), of whom 13,301 were Italians, 2,921 foreigners and 1,003 children of mixed parentage. Data has been collected by a questionnaire translated and adapted from the one used by Portes and Rumbaut in the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS) of 1992 in the United States. They are used to present the Italian situation in light of segmented assimilation theory. One first result is the underachievement of Latinos. Given this finding, an effort is made to consider various factors which contribute to shaping the socio-existential circumstances of this specific group. The second main result is that children of mixed couples were those most disposed to form intercultural relations. When distinguishing between those with an Italian father and a foreign mother and those, vice versa, with an Italian mother and a foreign father, forcefully evident is the central role played by the mother in the transmission of cultural elements and in the construction of a sense of belonging and identity. Third, focusing on social capital at family level and within the peer group, it has been revealed a greater cross-cultural propensity among the new generations than among previous ones: Italian preadolescents growing up in a multi-ethnic society are more open to, and willing to accept, the challenge of cultural diversity than are their parents. More in general, the new generations contribute to creating a more inclusive social space in which membership of social circles becomes more transversal with respect to cultural and ethnic origins.

Exposure to Cyberbullying and Classroom Social Climate as Predictors of Students' Sense of Belonging in Class in Elementary and Middle Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-131
Author(s):  
Gabriela Kashy-Rosenbaum ◽  
Dana Aizenkot
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Climate ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
And Gender

Children and adolescents currently conduct part of their social lives in cyberspace. Along with the increased use of WhatsApp – the most popular social platform in Israel – as a social network, we witness the spread of cyberbullying, that is, targeted aggressive activity against individuals in a virtual social space. Bullying in the virtual social space sometimes also flows into the actual social space in the classroom through feeding and refeeding, affecting the perception of the classroom social climate and the student’s sense of belonging in the classroom. Impairment of students’ sense of belonging in the classroom may impair their mental wellbeing and their functioning in school. The present study was designed to broaden our understanding of how exposure to cyberbullying relates to the social climate and students’ sense of belonging in the classroom beyond the students’ age and gender, distinguishing between exposure to cyberbullying in the private space and in the group space. The study involved 4,813 students (53% girls) in grades 4–9 in 191 classes within 33 schools. Participants filled out e-questionnaires. The findings showed that, as predicted by the research hypotheses, the more students are exposed to cyberbullying in the private and group spaces, the more negative the perceived social climate and students’ sense of belonging in the classroom will be. Exposure to simultaneous cyberbullying in both spaces, private and group, was found to be associated with even greater harm to the perceived social climate in the classroom and to students’ sense of belonging. It was also found that the perception of the social climate in the classroom mediates the connection between exposure and bullying in the classroom virtual space and students’ sense of belonging. The educational implications are discussed.

Consumption and Marketing in A 3D Virtual Space

2011 ◽  
pp. 374-392
Author(s):  
Gulnur Tumbat ◽  
Lisa M. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Fertile Ground

Second Life (SL) established itself in 2003 as a virtual world where people can create an alternate life as an avatar (www.secondlife.com). It provides a fertile ground for real-world businesses to market their products to a tech-savvy and brand-conscious group of potential consumers. The goal of this exploratory chapter is to gain an understanding about the SL experience for these consumers and provide examples of some of the marketing practices. The authors conclude that while SL does provide an alternative for businesses for building, maintaining, and extending their real world brand presence, it remains primarily as a 3-dimension (3-D) virtual social space for people to connect and communicate with like-minded others.

The State and the Ongoing Struggle Over Coca in Bolivia: Legitimacy, Hegemony, and the Exercise of Power

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
Current Drive ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Year 2000

Dangerous Harvest, the title of this volume, is an especially appropriate metaphor with which to begin to discuss and understand the ongoing, protracted, and increasingly violent struggle over coca in Bolivia—the third most-important coca leaf–producing country in the world (BINM 1998: 65). Such a metaphor—which suggests the reaping of a product that is potentially precarious, menacing, ominous, and even deadly—points to the fact not only that coca is an inherently conflict-ridden arena or social space but also that the most enduring and significant upshot of the current drive against coca, what is being “harvested” by recent counternarcotics efforts, is the potential for long-term structural instability and conflict in Bolivian society. In this chapter I pay special attention to this struggle over coca in Bolivia, particularly from the late 1980s to the early part of 2000. I will argue that the contest over coca in Bolivia reflects and embodies numerous and inherently conflictive claims and counterclaims (social, political, economic, and ideological) by different segments of Bolivian society, many of which entail fundamental questions about legitimacy, hegemony, and challenges to the exercise of power by elites and state elites. That is, to view the coca conflict as essentially one between “evil” or “criminal” coca growers and traffickers, on the one hand, and enlightened, law-abiding authorities and citizens, on the other—precisely the criminal justice perspective that ideologically informs, guides, and justifies current anticoca policy by U.S. and U.S.-funded counternarcotics agencies and programs—is not only not enlightening but also fundamentally counterproductive in that it fails to provide the necessary insights with which to grapple with and arrive at a just solution to some of the most important roots of the current coca strife in Bolivia. I will also try to understand and explain the seemingly successful coca eradication efforts in the late 1990s and first half of the year 2000, as well as how and why resistance to these efforts by coca cultivators in the Chapare appear to have been particularly ineffective in recent years.

scholarly journals Corporate Disclosure: A Synthesis of Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kennedy Prince Modugu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reporting Environment

This study is a compendium of the existing literature on corporate disclosure with a view to identifying the gaps to which future empirical inquiry may be directed. The paper discusses the concept of disclosure as canvassed by different authors. This review is initiated with a working definition of disclosure. This was followed by a series of reviews of studies in developed countries. Added to this, are developing countries’ studies. The review showed that the influencers of corporate disclosure differ between developed and developing countries on the one hand, and within both economies on the other hand. The review revealed mixed findings on the determinants of corporate disclosure. This suggests that the factors determining corporate disclosure are not fixed, and vary from one jurisdiction to another. The paper also x-rays a litany of theories of corporate disclosure research and suggests a unified theory that amalgamates the existing theories; and that which will be amenable to the ever-changing reporting environment.

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