scholarly journals Co-operation and Self-Organization

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
Creative Systems

Co-operation has its specific meanings in physical (dissipative), biological (autopoietic) and social (re-creative) systems. On upper hierarchical systemic levels there are additional, emergent properties of co-operation, co-operation evolves dialectically. The focus of this paper is human cooperation. Social systems permanently reproduce themselves in a loop that mutually connects social structures and actors. Social structures enable and constrain actions, they are medium and outcome of social actions. This reflexive process is termed re-creation and describes the process of social selforganization. Co-operation in a very weak sense means coaction and takes place permanently in re-creative systems: two or more actors act together in a co-ordinated manner so that a new emergent property emerges. Co-action involves the formation of forces, environment and sense (dispositions, decisions, definitions). Mechanistic approaches conceive coaction in terms of rational planning, consciousness, intention, predictability, and necessity. Holistic approaches conceive coaction in terms of spontaneity, unconscious and unintended actions, non-predictability, chance. Dialectic approaches conceive co-action in terms of a unity of rational planning and spontaneous emergence, a unity of conscious and unconscious aspects and consequences, and a unity of necessity and chance. Co-operation in a strong sense that is employed in this paper means that actors work together, create a new emergent reality, have shared goals, all benefit from co-operating, can reach their goals in joint effort more quickly and more efficiently than on an individual basis, make concerted use of existing structures in order to produce new structures, learn from each other mutually, are interconnected in a social network, and are mutually dependent and responsible. There is a lack of cooperation, self-determination, inclusion and direct democracy in modern society due to its antagonistic structures. This today culminates in global problems such as the ecological crisis, high risk technologies, poverty, unemployment, wars, armed conflicts, terrorism, etc. In order to solve these problems our social systems need re-design in terms of ecological sustainability, alliance technology, participatory economy, participatory democracy, and participatory culture. Participation is an integrated notion that is based on co-operation, selfdetermination, and inclusion in multiple dimensions. A system can be considered as participatory if power in the system is distributed in such a way that all members and concerned individuals can own the system co-operatively and can produce, decide and live in the system co-operatively. Participation is frequently understood in the very narrow sense of concerned people taking somehow part in decision processes. Such an understanding is limited to the political dimension and says nothing about the scope and dimension of participation. There are several dimensions of participation in a social system or in society: producing, owning, consuming (economic dimension), deciding, goal-setting, evaluating (political dimension), forming knowledge/norms/values/images/visions, communicating, networking, self-realizing (cultural dimension). Participation in each of these ten dimensions can be low, medium or high/full. The participation matrix describes the degree of participation in an organization/society with the help of the three dimensions of economy, politics and culture and an analysis of the scope of participation (economic, political, cultural).

scholarly journals Co-operation and Self-Organization

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
Creative Systems

Co-operation has its specific meanings in physical (dissipative), biological (autopoietic) and social (re-creative) systems. On upper hierarchical systemic levels there are additional, emergent properties of co-operation, co-operation evolves dialectically. The focus of this paper is human cooperation. Social systems permanently reproduce themselves in a loop that mutually connects social structures and actors. Social structures enable and constrain actions, they are medium and outcome of social actions. This reflexive process is termed re-creation and describes the process of social selforganization. Co-operation in a very weak sense means coaction and takes place permanently in re-creative systems: two or more actors act together in a co-ordinated manner so that a new emergent property emerges. Co-action involves the formation of forces, environment and sense (dispositions, decisions, definitions). Mechanistic approaches conceive coaction in terms of rational planning, consciousness, intention, predictability, and necessity. Holistic approaches conceive coaction in terms of spontaneity, unconscious and unintended actions, non-predictability, chance. Dialectic approaches conceive co-action in terms of a unity of rational planning and spontaneous emergence, a unity of conscious and unconscious aspects and consequences, and a unity of necessity and chance. Co-operation in a strong sense that is employed in this paper means that actors work together, create a new emergent reality, have shared goals, all benefit from co-operating, can reach their goals in joint effort more quickly and more efficiently than on an individual basis, make concerted use of existing structures in order to produce new structures, learn from each other mutually, are interconnected in a social network, and are mutually dependent and responsible. There is a lack of cooperation, self-determination, inclusion and direct democracy in modern society due to its antagonistic structures. This today culminates in global problems such as the ecological crisis, high risk technologies, poverty, unemployment, wars, armed conflicts, terrorism, etc. In order to solve these problems our social systems need re-design in terms of ecological sustainability, alliance technology, participatory economy, participatory democracy, and participatory culture. Participation is an integrated notion that is based on co-operation, selfdetermination, and inclusion in multiple dimensions. A system can be considered as participatory if power in the system is distributed in such a way that all members and concerned individuals can own the system co-operatively and can produce, decide and live in the system co-operatively. Participation is frequently understood in the very narrow sense of concerned people taking somehow part in decision processes. Such an understanding is limited to the political dimension and says nothing about the scope and dimension of participation. There are several dimensions of participation in a social system or in society: producing, owning, consuming (economic dimension), deciding, goal-setting, evaluating (political dimension), forming knowledge/norms/values/images/visions, communicating, networking, self-realizing (cultural dimension). Participation in each of these ten dimensions can be low, medium or high/full. The participation matrix describes the degree of participation in an organization/society with the help of the three dimensions of economy, politics and culture and an analysis of the scope of participation (economic, political, cultural).

scholarly journals Membangun Keharmonisan Antar Etnis Lokal Gorontalo dengan Etnis Bali dalam Mewujudkan Negara Multikulturalisme di Desa Tri Rukun Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Boalemo Provinsi Gorontalo dan Implikasinya terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 025
Author(s):  
Roni Lukum
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Regional Resilience ◽  
District Government ◽  
Ideological Dimension ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Egalitarian Attitudes

The research objective is expected to find out how the Tri Rukun village government efforts in building harmony between Gorontalo local ethnicities and Balinese ethnicity in realizing a multiculturalism state and its implications for regional resilience. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the harmonious relationship between the local ethnic Gorontalo and the Balinese is in a very strong qualitative position in realizing a multiculturalism country, because the indicators of competition, acculturation, cooperation, accommodation, assimilation, conflict are not found in Tri Rukun village. Likewise with the indicators of regional resilience, the ideological dimension, the political dimension, the economic dimension, the socio-cultural dimension and the defense and security dimension, there are no threats and obstacles in realizing a multiculturalism state. Thus the results of research in Tri Rukun village show that the condition of regional resilience has a very strong index in building a multiculturalism country where the Tri Rukun village community highly upholds egalitarian attitudes, tolerance, cooperation, autonomy and accommodative attitudes as the principles of a multiculturalism state. Hopefully the achievements of the Boalemo district government will succeed in maintaining the harmonious relationship that has been achieved by the Tri Rukun village government in realizing a multiculturalism country can be maintained.Tujuan penelitian diharapkan dapat mengetahui  bagaimana upaya pemerintah desa Tri Rukun dalam membangun keharmonisan antar etnis lokal Gorontalo dengan etnis Bali dalam mewujudkan negara multikulturalisme dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan wilayah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan hubungan harmonis antar etnis lokal Gorontalo dengan etnis Bali berada pada posisi kualitatif sangat tangguh didalam mewujudkan negara multikulturalisme, karena indikator kompetisi, akulturasi, kerjasama, akomodasi,  asimilasi, konflik tidak ditemukan di desa Tri Rukun. Demikian halnya dengan indikator ketahanan wilayah dimensi ideologi, dimensi politik,  dimensi ekonomi, dimensi sosial budaya dan dimensi pertahanan dan keamanan tidak ditemukan gangguan ancaman dan hambatan dalam mewujudkan negara multikulturalisme. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian di desa Tri Rukun menunjukan kondisi ketahanan wilayah memiliki indeks sangat tangguh dalam membangun negara multikulturalisme dimana masyarakat desa Tri Rukun sangat menjunjung tinggi sikap egalitarian, sikap toleransi, sikap kerjasama, sikap otonom dan sikap akomodatif sebagai prinsip dari negara multikulturalisme. Semoga prestasi pemerintah kabupaten Boalemo berhasil menjaga hubungan harmonis yang telah dicapai oleh pemerintah desa Tri Rukun dalam mewujudkan negara multikulturalisme dapat dipertahankan.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM VILLAGE THROUGH CBT APPROACH IN KAYUTANGAN HERITAGE VILLAGE, MALANG CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-327
Author(s):  
Ribka Aprilia Murtikasari ◽  
Tukiman Tukiman
Keyword(s):  
Social Dimension ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Village

Kayutangan Heritage Village is a tourism village that presents the authenticity of the village with all the historical relics in the form of buildings with Dutch colonial pattern, culinary, and socio-cultural people in it that become an attraction to be visited and enjoyed so as to bring up memories of the past. Kayutangan Heritage Village is managed and developed independently by The Tourism Conscious Group (Pokdarwis). This study aims to know, describe and analyze the Development of Tourism Villages through a Community Based Tourism (CBT) Approach in Kayutangan Heritage Village, Malang. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Sampling techniques used are purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The results of this study show that Kayutangan Heritage Village has fulfilled all dimensions of CBT development, namely economic dimension, social dimension, cultural dimension, environmental dimension and political dimension as has been conveyed through the theory of CBT development dimension by Suansri quoted by Sunaryo (2013:142). However, the implementation of the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village through CBT has not been optimal, because there are some things that are still not considered in the economic and environmental dimensions.

All Equal in Death? Fighting inequality in the contemporary funeral industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1323-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc K. Audebrand ◽  
Marcos Barros
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
Funeral Industry

This paper examines how alternative economic organizations can fight inequality without help from traditional partners such as social movement organizations. We focus on co-operatives’ successful battle against corporate dominance in the Québec funeral industry. We analyse their actions through the lens of Nancy Fraser’s tridimensional theory of justice, which utilizes the cultural dimension of recognition, political dimension of representation, and economic dimension of distribution. We demonstrate how funeral co-ops empowered their federation to influence institutional inequality while maintaining a co-op identity by embodying the potentially contradictory flexibility of social movements along with co-op principles. This paper contributes to scholarship on collective social action by exploring the dual role of model and movement played by secondary co-ops such as the federation of Québec funeral co-ops, which draws on local institutional and organizational resources to disrupt unfair structures. We also extend Fraser’s theory, using it as a framework for understanding the dynamic relationships between inequality and its potential remedies at different levels of analysis.

Did politics matter? Municipal public health expenditure in the 1930s

Urban History ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Powell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Public Health Provision

This paper examines the relatively neglected topic of municipal public health expenditure in the inter-war period, and emphasizes two neglected dimensions: the political and the geographical. After justifying the importance of the topic and the approach and giving some details of municipal public health provision, a quantitative analysis of expenditure in the urban county boroughs is presented. In general, the analysis tends to argue against conventional wisdom in stressing the political dimension instead of the economic dimension in explaining the pattern of expenditure, giving a positive answer to the question posed in the title.

On the Social Origins of Agrarian Fascism in Italy

1972 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Po River ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Societies

Before turning directly to fascism, we should recall certain facts that form the background to all that follows. In 1919, Italy, a country of about 35 million people, should be characterized neither as industrialized nor as underdeveloped, but as slowly and very unevenly industrializing. Still predominantly agricultural, the Italian peninsula can be divided into three distinct areas with markedly different social structures, each undergoing in very contrasting ways the twin transformations of the rise of industry and of intensive commercialized farming. The North was the most developed of the three areas, with the peninsula's most modern industrial enterprises heavily concentrated in the Milan-Genoa-Turin triangle, while commercial farming was centered in the fertile valley of the Po River. It is important to note, however, that even the North was still in a state of transition and that in the northern countryside more traditional systems of land tenure and cultivation still existed alongside some of the most mechanized farms in Europe. The other two areas of Italy—Center and South—were alike in being traditional societies less affected by modernization, though the Center of the peninsula and the South were very different social systems (1).

scholarly journals Offspring social network structure predicts fitness in families

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1749) ◽  
pp. 4914-4922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick J. Royle ◽  
Thomas W. Pike ◽  
Philipp Heeb ◽  
Heinz Richner ◽  
Mathias Kölliker
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Social structures such as families emerge as outcomes of behavioural interactions among individuals, and can evolve over time if families with particular types of social structures tend to leave more individuals in subsequent generations. The social behaviour of interacting individuals is typically analysed as a series of multiple dyadic (pair-wise) interactions, rather than a network of interactions among multiple individuals. However, in species where parents feed dependant young, interactions within families nearly always involve more than two individuals simultaneously. Such social networks of interactions at least partly reflect conflicts of interest over the provision of costly parental investment. Consequently, variation in family network structure reflects variation in how conflicts of interest are resolved among family members. Despite its importance in understanding the evolution of emergent properties of social organization such as family life and cooperation, nothing is currently known about how selection acts on the structure of social networks. Here, we show that the social network structure of broods of begging nestling great tits Parus major predicts fitness in families. Although selection at the level of the individual favours large nestlings, selection at the level of the kin-group primarily favours families that resolve conflicts most effectively.

Impact of globalization on human rights: evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1453-1480
Author(s):  
Aman Takiyar ◽  
N.V.M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of globalization and its multiple dimensions on human rights in Sub-Saharan Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study extends the Poe and Tate (1994) model, which enumerates the various determinants of human rights. Ordered probit estimation is used to estimate the impact of globalization and its dimensions. For the purpose of empirical analysis, the period has been divided into three phases: short, medium and long term. This helps in understanding how the impact of the different dimensions of globalization has evolved over a period of time. Furthermore, analysis has been carried out to detect causality between human rights and globalization.FindingsAs per the results, overall globalization and social dimension of globalization do have a positive impact on human rights in long and medium term and, also, Granger-cause human rights. The political dimension of globalization has a positive relation with human rights, though there exists no causality between the two. On the other hand, the economic dimension of globalization fails to have a statistically significant impact on human rights. Impact of the social dimension of globalization dominates that of other dimensions of globalization.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies that examine, in an empirical fashion, the impact of globalization on human rights in Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Four Dimensions of Women’s Empowerment in Tourism: Case Study of Indrayanti Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. Layouting
Author(s):  
Arisanti Ayu Wardhani ◽  
Indah Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Four Dimensions

The emergence of sustainable tourism has led to a new tourism concept called ecotourism. Ecotourism has the principle of environmental preservation and the local communities’ welfare produces a significant impact on indigenous people in the area. This is because the local community is involved in managing sustainable tourism. Women who are part of the community have the same opportunities as men in accessing opportunities from ecotourism activities. Based on empirical research results, tourism activities create alternative jobs for women to be more independent economically, including the fact that the participation of women in tourism activities has a positive impact on them socially. Empowering women is an important part of community welfare efforts in the scope of tourism, so that women’s empowerment is important in the tourism development process. This study aims to analyze the ongoing empowerment of women and what factors are the drivers and barriers to empowerment in Indrayanti Beach as one of the leading destinations in Gunungkidul Regency as seen from four dimensions (economic, social, political, and psychological). The mixed-method approach has been used in research. It was found that the level of women’s empowerment in Indrayanti Beach had shown a good enough score with the highest average score in the economic dimension, namely 7.64, where women economically have received a positive impact from Indrayanti Beach. The lowest average score is on the political dimension, with a value of 5.82. Women politically still do not have awareness if their role is important for the sustainability of Indrayanti Beach tourism. For the social dimension, the average is 6.81, and the psychological dimension on average is 7.47, where women feel socially and psychologically empowered quite well. The main driver of women’s empowerment is the opportunity and permission from their families to participate in tourism activities. The main obstacle to women’s empowerment is the low self-confidence due to skills that have not been maximized. 

scholarly journals The role of community supported agriculture in the development of organic agriculture in Croatia

Geoadria ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sarjanović
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Community Supported Agriculture ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members

Community supported agriculture (CSA) refers to those agricultural activities that contrast with commercial agriculture. They consist of members who pay for fresh, untreated and locally grown food directly from farmers. In this way the risk is shared and the resellers are eliminated. This paper discusses the basic principles of CSA functioning and the historical circumstances of their development. Besides the economic dimension of the functioning of CSA groups, which is most important (ensuring of purchase), emphasis is also given to the social and cultural dimension of the groups activity. The basis of the work is the presentation of the functioning of CSA groups in Croatia and a comparison of social and economic characteristics of the group members and the farmers that collaborate to the groups with trends in the world. The results were collected by administering an online questionnaire among 46 group members and 5 famers. The survey has confirmed the starting hypothesis – that the group members are younger and highly educated persons who live in large cities or urbanized regions (Zagreb, Kvarner, Istria) and are driven by eco-social motives (ecological consciousness, healthy food, cooperation with group members). Farmers who cooperate with CSA groups are practicing ecological agriculture on farms that are smaller than an average Croatian farm. They collaborate with the groups because of easier selling of the products and they find that the groups have a positive effect on their income and involvement in the local community.

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