RDARL4, a Fortran interface for transferring chemical analytical data from an Applied Research Laboratories electron microprobe to a PDP-11 computing system

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Computing System

Interrelationships of Sample Composition, Backscatter Coefficient, and Target Current Measurement

1963 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 325-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt F. J. Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Sample Composition ◽  
Concentration Mapping

AbstractThe use of target current measurements in the electron microprobe for quantitative analysis of binary samples has been proposed by several authors. However, the equations proposed for calculations as well as instrumental conditions differ considerably. The present paper relates the target current measurements made with the Applied Research Laboratories microprobe to the backscatter coefficients determined independently. Equations for analyzing binary samples as well as applications to line scans and concentration mapping are given.

Crystal-liquid partition coefficients for pyroxene, spinels, and melilite, in slags

1983 ◽  
Vol 47 (344) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wearing
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Metallurgical Slags

AbstractThe chemistry of spinels, plagioclase, and iron-rich, normally zoned pyroxene and melilite from some metallurgical slags has been investigated by electron microprobe analysis. Minor element partition coefficients, some of which are composition-dependent, have been calculated from the analytical data. The pyroxene/liquid partition coefficients range from 4.03 to 0.03 in the order Ti/Zr, Al, Mn, Zn, Ba, Sn, Na, reflecting increasing incompatibility. The spinel/liquid partition coefficients range from 40.89 to 0.02 but in the order Ti, Ni, Mg/Zn, Al, Mn, Cu, Sn, Zr. However, Sn becomes very compatible when the pyroxene and spinels crystallize in association with cassiterite. Melilite greatly discriminates against the incorporation of minor elements into its crystal structure. The crystallization of these phases produces residual liquids enriched in Na, Mn, Zn, Sn, Ba, W, and Pb.

Light Element Analysis with an Electron Microprobe

1964 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poen Sing Ong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Spectrochemical Analysis ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Stearate

AbstractIn the microprobe, lead stearate decanoate multilayer analyzers have proven to be practical components for X-ray spectrochemical analysis of the light elements. Better controlled techniques in the deposition of the layers have already produced analyzers yielding improved peak to background ratios as well as higher counting rates. Operational techniques, optimizing instrumental performance, will be discussed. Analytical data on the elements fluorine through boron, obtained with a modified commercial microprobe, will be presented.

Selecting Standards to Optimize Electron Microprobe Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
E.J. Essene ◽  
C.E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Analysis ◽  
Novice Users ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Beam Damage ◽  
Selection Of

Quantitative analysis with the electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA) has yielded more accurate results over time as a result of improvements in ZAF and other correction routines, mass absorption coefficients, synthetic pseudocrystals for ultralight elements, computers, software programs, backscattered electron (BSE) and energy dispersive (EDS) X-ray detectors. Consequently, many geoscientists view EMPA as routine, and details of procedures, standards, and operating conditions are seldom provided in current publications. However, in overseeing a facility with many users, we have learned that acceptable analytical data are sometimes difficult to obtain even with established analytical procedures and a choice of several hundred standards. After novice users have mastered the routines of sample polishing, cleaning, coating, handling and machine focus, their choice of nonoptimal standards often prevents them from obtaining the most accurate results possible. Optimal analysis for geological problems requires choosing appropriate standards, selection of optimal operating conditions, as well as consideration of the possibility of omitted elements, peak and background overlaps, matrix absorption effects, beam damage and elemental migration, reintegration of heterogeneous materials, fluorescence effects, and variations in the oxidation state of iron.

A Blazed-Grating Scanning Spectrometer for Ultrasoft X-Rays Suitable for Use in an Electron Microprobe

1965 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 420-429
Author(s):  
J. B. Nicholson ◽  
M. F. Hasler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Output Intensity ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Background Ratio ◽  
Grating Spectrometer ◽  
Peak Intensity

AbstractThe importance of operating within the blaze angle is emphasized by a series of measurements of ultrasoft X-rays obtained with a new grazing-incidence, grating spectrometer, A formula to maximize output intensity has been derived which predicts a variation of input angle with changes of wavelength. The spectrometer is designed to utilize this function. The grating spectrometer was installed into an Applied Research Laboratories Analyst's Microprobe. Since the AMX furnishes an utt.rasoft spectrometer with a fatty acid pseudocrystal as standard equipment, it is possible to compare the two systems simultaneously on the same sample at the same wavelength. The grating and crystal systems are compared for peak intensity and line-to-background ratio.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Malignant Cell Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. I. Johnsson-Hegyeli ◽  
A. F. Hegyeli ◽  
D. K. Landstrom ◽  
W. C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Interference Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Last year we reported on the use of reflected light interference microscopy (RLIM) for the direct color photography of the surfaces of living normal and malignant cell cultures without the use of replicas, fixatives, or stains. The surface topography of living cells was found to follow underlying cellular structures such as nuceloli, nuclear membranes, and cytoplasmic organelles, making possible the study of their three-dimensional relationships in time. The technique makes possible the direct examination of cells grown on opaque as well as transparent surfaces. The successful in situ electron microprobe analysis of the elemental composition and distribution within single tissue culture cells was also reported.This paper deals with the parallel and combined use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the two previous techniques in a study of living and fixed cancer cells. All three studies can be carried out consecutively on the same experimental specimens without disturbing the cells or their structural relationships to each other and the surface on which they are grown. KB carcinoma cells were grown on glass coverslips in closed Leighto tubes as previously described. The cultures were photographed alive by means of RLIM, then fixed with a fixative modified from Sabatini, et al (1963).

HREM interface studies in SiC-whisker-reinforced Al2O3 and Si3N4 ceramics

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 734-735
Author(s):  
W. Braue ◽  
R.W. Carpenter ◽  
D.J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Sic Whiskers ◽  
Base Composite ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramics

Whisker and fiber reinforcement has been established as an effective toughening concept for monolithic structural ceramics to overcome limited fracture toughness and brittleness. SiC whiskers in particular combine both high strength and elastic moduli with good thermal stability and are compatible with most oxide and nonoxide matrices. As the major toughening mechanisms - crack branching, deflection and bridging - in SiC whiskenreinforced Al2O3 and Si3N41 are critically dependent on interface properties, a detailed TEM investigation was conducted on whisker/matrix interfaces in these all-ceramic- composites.In this study we present HREM images obtained at 400 kV from β-SiC/α-Al2O3 and β-SiC/β-Si3N4 interfaces, as well as preliminary analytical data. The Al2O3- base composite was hotpressed at 1830 °C/60 MPa in vacuum and the Si3N4-base material at 1725 °C/30 MPa in argon atmosphere, respectively, adding a total of 6 vt.% (Y2O3 + Al2O3) to the latter to promote densification.

Study of the resistor material of an automotive spark plug by use of the charge-up effect along with elemental mapping in an electron microprobe

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
D. R. Liu ◽  
S. S. Shinozaki ◽  
J. S. Park ◽  
B. N. Juterbock
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Insight Into

The electric and thermal properties of the resistor material in an automotive spark plug should be stable during its service lifetime. Containing many elements and many phases, this material has a very complex microstructure. Elemental mapping with an electron microprobe can reveal the distribution of all relevant elements throughout the sample. In this work, it is demonstrated that the charge-up effect, which would distort an electron image and, therefore, is normally to be avoided in an electron imaging work, could be used to advantage to reveal conductive and resistive zones in a sample. Its combination with elemental mapping can provide valuable insight into the underlying conductivity mechanism of the resistor.This work was performed in a CAMECA SX-50 microprobe. The spark plug used in the present report was a commercial product taken from the shelf. It was sectioned to expose the cross section of the resistor. The resistor was known not to contain the precious metal Au as checked on the carbon coated sample. The sample was then stripped of carbon coating and re-coated with Au.

Bence-albee after 25 years: A new superior α-factor correction procedure for the quantitative analysis of oxides and silicates

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1744-1745
Author(s):  
John T. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
Geological Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Matrix ◽  
Computational Speed ◽  
Microprobe Data ◽  
Geological Sciences

One of the most cited papers in the geological sciences has been that of Albee and Bence on the use of empirical " α -factors" to correct quantitative electron microprobe data. During the past 25 years this method has remained the most commonly used correction for geological samples, despite the facts that few investigators have actually determined empirical α-factors, but instead employ tables of calculated α-factors using one of the conventional "ZAF" correction programs; a number of investigators have shown that the assumption that an α-factor is constant in binary systems where there are large matrix corrections is incorrect (e.g, 2-3); and the procedure’s desirability in terms of program size and computational speed is much less important today because of developments in computing capabilities. The question thus exists whether it is time to honorably retire the Bence-Albee procedure and turn to more modern, robust correction methods. This paper proposes that, although it is perhaps time to retire the original Bence-Albee procedure, it should be replaced by a similar method based on compositiondependent polynomial α-factor expressions.

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