scholarly journals Genetic analysis of the hybrid rice population ‘Mavr × Kontakt’

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
G. A. Sirapionov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Black Color

Rice can form not only white-color kernels, but also of red, brown and black colors. In black-color rice kernels, the pericarp contains anthocyanin, which has antioxidant activity and therefore has a positive effect on human health. The purpose of the current study was to develop rice samples with black pericarp. The paper has presented the study results of the hybrid population ‘Mavr × Kontakt’ of the second generation. The variety ‘Mavr’ has a black pericarp, the variety ‘Kontakt’ has a white one. In the process of hybridological analysis there have been identified the patterns of inheritance of the main quantitative traits affecting productivity; there have been identified the best samples, in which formed compact erect panicles and black kernels; there has been selected the initial material for breeding work. The study was carried out in 2020 on the plots of the ES “Proletarskoye” in the Rostov region. There was established that the color of pericarp was inherited according to the type of complementary interaction of two genes. There was found an overdominance and interaction of two pairs of genes of different strengths according to ‘plant height’. There was also seen partial positive dominance, transgressions, and digenic differences of the initial varieties according to ‘panicle length’. According to the traits ‘number of spikelets per panicle’, there was identified overdominance of large values and positive transgression. There were found the forms with well-kerneled panicles. The trait ‘1000 kernel weight’ was characterized by negative dominance and dihybrid cleavage of 9:6:1. There have been selected the best morphotype F2 forms with black pericarp, which possessed optimal plant height, long panicles, larger kernel size, and an average 1000 kernel weight.

scholarly journals The study of chinese rice samples under the conditions of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
The South ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Rice Samples

Rice is the most important food crop on the Earth. The development of new productive rice varieties for the conditions of the south of Russia and specifcally the Rostov region is possible after careful study and use of collection material from other regions of the planet in the breeding work. Genetic varietal diversity of samples from various countries is the basis for breeding study aimed at improving rice productivity. The purpose of the study was to study 15 collection Chinese rice samples, analyze some quantitative traits, and select the best ones for further breeding. The samples were studied in the Proletarsky district of the Rostov region. The varieties “Yuzhanin” and “Boyarin” were taken as the standard varieties. In the study of Chinese rice samples according to their morphological and biological  traits  there has been  identifed a signifcant diversity. The vegetation period “sprouting-fowering” ranged from 85–130 days; the trait “plant height” varied from 63.3 cm to 101.7 cm; the trait “length of a panicle” ranged from 15.7 to 21.7 cm; the trait “1000-kernel weight” varied from 16.3 to 34.0 g; the trait “number of spikelets per panicle” ranged from 79 to 158 pieces; the trait “fertility” was from 86.8 to 98.3%. There has been identifed a positive correlation between “plant height” and length of a panicle, 1000-kernel weight, kernel number per panicle, and fertility. Kernel weight per panicle has also correlated with these traits. For future breeding work there have been selected 6 rice samples that could mature well in the south of the Rostov Region, namely “Lyaonin 1”, “Lyaonin 5”, “Lyaonin 8”, “Lyaonin 10”, “Lyaonin 12” and “Lyaonin 15”. There has been carried out a hybridization of samples with the early ripening variety “Kontakt”.

scholarly journals GENETICS OF THE TRAITS IN THE RICE HYBRID ‘SVETLY X MAVR

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Aksenov ◽  
E. S. Balyukova
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigment ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Black Seed ◽  
Allelic State ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Black Color

Rice can form not only white, but also red, brown and black kernels. In black rice pericarp contains anthocyanin pigment, which has antioxidant activity and is beneficial to human health. The article is devoted to the development of new rice lines with black pericarp on the basis of the hybrid ‘Svetly × Mavr’. The purpose of the work is to develop rice new lines with black seed vessel on the genetic background of the variety ‘Svetly’. There has been carried out a genetic analysis of varying quantitative traits that affect rice productivity. Cleavage by pericarp color occurred according to the dihybrid scheme according to the type of recessive epistasis in the ratio 9:3:4. The black color of the pericarp was formed with the presence of two dominant Pb and Pp genes in the genotype, the brown one was determined by the Pb gene, and the white one was determined by the other combinations of genes. Inheritance of plant height occurred according to the overdominance of large values of the trait. Parental forms differed in the allelic state of two pairs of genes. Along the panicle length, there has been determined partial negative dominance and monogenic differences of the hybridized varieties. According to ‘number of spikelets per panicle’, there has been identified an overdominance of a larger value of the trait and the interaction of two pairs of genes. According to ‘1000-kernel weight’, there has been established partial dominance of large values of the trait and monogenic differences of the initial parental forms. There have been selected the best recombinant forms combining a compact erect panicle and grains with a black seed vessel, and there has been developed starting material for practical breeding. The study was carried out on the fields of the Experimental Station “Proletarskaya” of the Rostov Region in 2018.

scholarly journals Inheritance of quantitative traits of the rice hybrid F2-F3 Svetly × Mavr

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Aksenov ◽  
E. S. Balyukova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Black Color ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Selection Of

Rice can form not only white, but also red, brown and black kernels. In black rice, pericarp kernels contain anthocyanin, which has an antioxidant effect and is beneficial to human health. The current paper is devoted to the development of new rice lines with black pericarp based on the hybrid Svetly × Mavr. The purpose of the work is to develop new forms of rice with anthocyanin pericarp by a hybridization of varieties with white and black kernels, a genetic analysis of a number of quantitative traits and by a selection of the best variants with compact vertical black-kernel panicles to use them in future breeding work. There has been conducted a genetic analysis of varying quantitative traits affecting the rice productivity. The cleavage by a pericarp color was carried out according to the type of recessive epistasis in a ratio of 9 : 3 : 4. The black color of the pericarp was formed in the presence of two dominant genes Pb and Pp in the genotype, the brown color was due to the Pb gene, the white color was due to the rest combinations of genes. The traits “plant height” and “number of spikelets per panicle” of the hybrids F2 and F3 were inherited by the type of superdomination of large values of the trait controlled by two loci, the interaction of which resulted in transgressive forms. According to the traits “panicle length” and “1000 kernel weight”, there has been identified intermediate monogenic inheritance and two-peaked characteristic frequency distribution curves. There have been identified rice forms with black pericarp color, combining the optimal values of the traits “plant height”, increased “panicle length”, “number of spikelets per panicle” and “1000 kernel weight”. On its basis there has been also developed an initial material for practical breeding. The study was carried out in 2018–2020 on the fields of the EP “Proletarskoye” of the Rostov region.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SEED INOCULATION BY RHIZOTORFIN STRAINS ON CHICKPEA PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
S. A. Vasilchenko ◽  
G. V. Metlina ◽  
Yu. V. Laktionov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nutrition Value

The article presents the study results of seed inoculation by specific strains Mesorhizobiumciceri on number and weight of chickpea root nodules, productivity and nutrition value of chickpea cultivated in the southern nature-climatic part of the Rostov region.  The study was conducted on the fields of FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (in the laboratory of cultivation technology of row crops) located in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2015–2016. The soil of the plot was heavy loamy carbonate blackearth (chernozem) with 7.0 рН, 3.2% of humus, 18–25 of P2O5 mg/kg of soil and 350–400 of K2O mg/kg of soil. The object of the study was a chickpea variety ‘Volgogradsky 10’, approved to use in the Rostov region. The strains of nodule bacteria (Rhyzotorfin) were developed and presented by the FSBSI All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (the laboratory of ecology of symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria). Agroclimatic conditions of chickpea vegetation period ranged throughout the years of study that allowed estimating chickpea productivity without fear or favor. The use of Rhyzotorfin strains resulted in increasing preservation of plants for harvesting, improving seed productivity (seed-weight per plant, 1000-kernel weight) and increasing grain productivity (with the increase on 0.24–0.51 t/ha compared with the control). Large yields of fodder units and raw protein per unit area testified the improvement of nutrition value of chickpea kernels, and the increase of these traits to the control was 0.33–0.68 t/ha and 26.5-93.1 kg/ha respectively.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Ugandan rice varieties grown in the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Rice is a valuable agricultural crop that is used as food for more than half of the world's population. The development of highly productive varieties and hybrids with high product quality assumes the utilization of new initial material from different countries in the breeding process. The purpose of the current research was to conduct an ecological testing of the rice varieties from Uganda in the Proletarsky district of the Rostov region in Russia and use them in the breeding process. There were studied the Ugandan rice samples ‘Nerica 1’, ‘Nerica 4’, ‘Komboka’, ‘Wita 9’, ‘Namche 1’, ‘Namche 2’, ‘Namche 3’, ‘Namche 4’, ‘Namche 5’, ‘Namche 6’ (NaCRRI) in comparison with the Russian variety ‘Komandor’ (FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”). The study of the Ugandan rice varieties according to a number of economically valuable traits and biological properties showed that the vegetation period from soil flooding to rice maturing took 100–113 days, the standard variety ‘Komandor’ needed 83 days. The varieties ‘Komboka’ and ‘Wita 9’ did not bear blossom. All samples had a short habit, with 63-95 cm of plant height. The long drooping panicles of 18.5–22.3 cm carried from 122 to 213 seeds. The caryopses were elongated, the length of the caryopses varied from 9.0 to 9.5 mm, and the width ranged from 2.7 to 3.1 mm. 1000 seed weight varied from 26 to 34 g, number of seeds per panicle ranged from 122 to 213 pieces. Genetic analysis of the second generation hybrids ‘Kontakt × Nerica 1’ and ‘Boyarin × Nerica 4’ showed different types of traits’ inheritance, from negative dominance (vegetation period) through the absence of dominance (caryopses size) to overdominance (plant height, seed weight per panicle and number of seeds per panicle).

scholarly journals Genetics of some quantitative traits of the rice hybrid CR-1009 (SUB-1) × Novator

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
Е. V. Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Yield Structure

Quantitative traits which are characterized by a wide range of variability in different locations are of great importance for produc­tivity formation. They are plant height, panicle length, number of spikelets and kernels per panicle, 1000-kernel weight, etc. The study of genetic basis of quantitative traits of rice, which are the main elements of yield structure, is an important problem and its solution is necessary to speed up breeding process. The article deals with the establishing of inheritance type, quantity of allelic variants of genes, which participate in determination of some quantitative traits of the rice hybrid obtained from hybridization of the varieties “CR-1009 (Sub-1)” and “Novator”. The genetic analysis of trait splitting has been carried out by the computer program “Polygen A”. The inheritance of the trait “plant height” occurred was of the type of incomplete domination of large values of the trait, the parental forms varied in two pairs of genes. By the panicle length, monogenic differences of the crossed varieties were observed. According to the number of spikelets per panicle, full dominance of the greater value of the trait was identified. The interaction of two genes was identified, with each parental form having both recessive and dominant alleles, but in different loci. Estimating number of kernels per panicle, there were allelic differences in two loci and trait splitting was in a ratio of 9 : 6 : 1. Trait splitting along the length and width of the spikelet was transgressive and was characterized by the dominance of smaller values of the trait. According to 1000-kernel weight, incomplete dominance of smaller values of the trait and monogenic differences of the initial parental forms have been estab­lished. According to kernel weight per panicle, the digenous differences of the parental forms and the splitting in a ratio of 15 : 1 were identified. The information that differences are determined by two pairs of main genes can be used in practical breeding. It will allow reducing the amount work to obtain recombinants with the desired combination of characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilization with Urea and Inhibitors on Growth, Yield and CBD Concentration of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2157
Author(s):  
Ioanna Kakabouki ◽  
Angeliki Kousta ◽  
Antigolena Folina ◽  
Stella Karydogianni ◽  
Charikleia Zisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Urea Fertilization

Field experiments were conducted during 2019 in two different locations in Greece (Athens and Farsala) to evaluate the effect of urea and urea fertilization with inhibitors on the agronomic yield and quality characteristics of two cannabis varieties (Cannabis sativa L.), “Uso31”and “Fedora 17”. The experimental design was split-plot with four different fertilization treatments—control, Urea (U), urea with Urease Inhibitor (UI), and urea with Nitrification Inhibitor (NI) and urease inhibitor (UI). The significance of differences between treatments was estimated by using Tukey’s test with a significance level of p = 0.05. The plant height was significantly affected by the different fertilizations and different varieties as well as by the two locations. The maximum plant height was 197 cm for “Fedora 17”in Farsala. The seed yield was higher forthe urea with inhibitors treatment in both varieties. The Cannabidiol (CBD) content was significantly affected by the fertilization—it was higher in urea with inhibitors in “Uso31”and “Fedora 17” treatments. The lowest CBD content value was 1.29% (control) and the highest was 1.69% (urea NI + UI). In conclusion, in both varieties, it seems that urea with inhibitors has a positive effect on their growth, as well as on the increase in cannabidiol (CBD) content.

Specificity of using messengers by schoolchildren and students in mobile learning

Ergodesign ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Pavel Paderno ◽  
Elizaveta Stroeva
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
School Students ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of the work is to identify the functionality required by mobile messengers for convenient online communication between pupils and high school students. To achieve this aim, a survey of 116 questions was developed, which adjusted to the respondent’s answers and reduced its volume in order to avoid the respondents’ fatigue and to decrease the time spent on completing the survey. An online survey of students aged 16 to 24 living in different cities of the Russian Federation was carried out. Then the information obtained was processed, and possible relations between the analysis results were found. Based on the study results, recommendations were formed to improve messengers according to the students- users’ goals and objectives. Now messengers are created mainly for the widespread use. There are already more than a hundred of them, and therefore products need to stand out in order to be competitive. One of the ways to excel is to be narrowly focused, tailored to a specific audience. Since the functionality of the messenger directly affects its popularity, the introduction and refinement of the necessary functions will have a positive effect on the number of users. The analysis shows that developers of instant messengers can improve the efficiency of using messengers by the students and, possibly, reduce the number of installed mobile applications on their devices, and, consequently, decrease the number of competitors for their target audience.

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) Response to Herbicides

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
Stewart M. Turner ◽  
Ronald E. Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The response of ‘Florico,’ ‘Victoria,’ and 'Stan II’ triticale to 2,4-D, dicamba, 2,4-D plus dicamba, diclofop, and thifensulfuron plus tribenuron applied POST during the tillering stage was examined. At rates twice those recommended for application to wheat, Victoria and Stan II were not injured, and injury to Florico was less than 10%. None of the herbicides or combinations adversely affected plant height at maturity, tiller or spike production, grain weight/spike, kernel weight, kernels/spike, yield, or test weight of any cultivar. Cultivars varied in tiller production, height, yield, test weight, kernel weight, and kernels/spike.

Agronomic evaluation of a tiller inhibition gene (tin) in wheat. I. Effect on yield, yield components, and grain protein

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
R. A. Richards ◽  
A. F. van Herwaarden ◽  
N. A. Fettell
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Productive Tiller ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Yield Penalty

Reduced tillering cereals have been proposed as being advantageous under terminal drought conditions through their reported reduction in non-productive tiller number and reduced soil water use prior to anthesis. This study was conducted to determine whether wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines containing the tiller inhibition (tin) gene have a yield penalty over their commercial near-isogenic counterparts. A terminal drought was experienced in all experiments. The effects of the tin gene were investigated in 4 different near-isogenic pairs of lines grown at 2 sowing densities at 4 locations in the eastern Australian wheatbelt over a 3-year period. Averaged over all experiments and lines, grain yield was unaffected by the presence of the tin gene. However, the highest yielding line contained the tin gene and its yield was 5% higher than all other lines. Averaged across the different genetic backgrounds, the tin gene decreased fertile spike number by 11%, increased the number of kernels/spike by 9%, and there was a 2% increase in kernel weight. The tin gene increased the harvest index by an average of 0.02, whereas above-ground biomass was reduced by 7%. Increasing sowing density from 50 to 100 kg/ha had little influence on yield or yield-related characteristics in both the restricted tillering and freely tillering lines. There was an interaction between sowing rate and the presence of the tin gene on yield, with tin lines yielding 0.2 t/ha more than the freely tillering lines at the higher sowing rate, whereas there was no effect at the lower sowing rate. The response of several lines containing the tin gene to nitrogen fertiliser was also investigated at 2 sites. Nitrogen increased spike number in all lines but the number remained around 20% less than in the freely tillering cultivars. The yield of wheat lines containing the tin gene was 6% greater than their near-isogenic pairs where nitrogen status was high in the presence of terminal drought. Grain protein concentration was unaffected by the presence of the tin gene at high grain protein sites, whereas at lower grain protein sites it had a positive effect.

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