Optimal parameters of productivity elements of the model variety of winter wheat of intensive type for the southern territories of the Rostov region

Tillage technologies that promote resource conservation and increase crop yields, especially in conditions of dry climate, are increasingly being introduced into the Russian agriculture. However, taking into account a diversity of soil and climatic conditions in Russia, it is necessary to study the agro-ecological state of agro landscapes. In Russia, in recent years, an increase in the yield of winter wheat and sunflower has been observed. From 2014 to 2018 in production conditions in the Rostov Region, the effect of direct sowing technology (No-Till) on the yield of winter wheat and sunflower was studied. The yield of sunflower and winter wheat largely depended on the amount of precipitation during the critical growing season of each agricultural crop. In 2014-2017 the yield of winter wheat in agrocenoses using direct sowing technology increased by 26-114%, sunflower by 27-92% compared with the traditional technology. The authors show that direct seeding compared to traditional technology of dump plowing (traditional tillage) contributes to saving motor fuel, increasing crop yields and lowering the cost of the main crops of the Rostov Region: winter wheat and sunflower.

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Lazurit winter wheat seeding rates in dependence to the predecessors and time of sowing in the Rostov region

Agricultural science Euro-North-East ◽

10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.6.548-556 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 548-556

Author(s):

A. S. Popov

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Conflict Of Interest ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Yield Level ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Viable Seeds

The study is aimed at determining the optimal seeding rates for durum winter wheat Lazurit variety by various seeding dates that would provide the highest grain yield in the conditions of Rostov region. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 on ordinary chernozem after different predecessors for winter wheat (black fallow and sunflower). Studied were: the seeding rates (3 mln, 4 mln, 5 mln viable seeds per hectare after the black fallow predecessor; 5 mln, 6 mln ,7 mln viable seeds per hectare after the sunflower predecessor), and the sowing date (the 10th,20th,30th of September, the10th of October). It has been established that after the black fallow predecessor the seeding rate for durum winter wheat Lazurit variety can be reduced to 3 million viable seeds/ha on the early sowing date (September,10) and optimal sowing date (September, 20). When sowing at the end of optimal (September, 30) and acceptable (October,10) periods, the sowing rate must be 5 million viable seeds/ha. After the sunflower predecessor, on the early sowing date (September,10) and optimal sowing dates (September, 20 and 30) the sowing rate of 5 million viable seeds/ha should be used. At the end of acceptable periods (October,10) the sowing rate should be increased to 6 million viable seeds/ha. After the black fallow predecessor, the highest yield of durum winter wheat has been formed – from 4.61 to 6.06 t/ha depending on the sowing rate and time of sowing. After the sunflower predecessor the yield level ranged from 3.43 to 4.28 t/ha. The optimal sowing time for durum winter wheat Lazurit variety in the south of Rostov region has been established - from the 10th to the 30th of September. Sowing in this period provided the largest number of productive stems (after the black fallow predecessor – 476-568 pcs/m2, after the sunflower predecessor – 420-512 pcs/m2), the grain mass per ear (1.21-1.36g and 0.91-1.08g), the plant height (95-100 cm and 92-100 cm), the ear length (6 cm and 4-5 cm, respectively).Conflict of interest: the author stated that there was no conflict of interest.

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The effect of No-till technology on the mineral nitrogen content in the Lower Don Chernozem

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016902014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 169 ◽

pp. 02014

Author(s):

Anna Medvedeva ◽

Olga Buryukova ◽

Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽

Tatyana Minkina ◽

Roman Kamenev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Agricultural Technologies ◽

Rostov Region ◽

No Till ◽

The Impact

The paper presents the results of a five-year study of the impact of various agricultural technologies (No-till, minimum and traditional using moldboard ploughing) on the content of mineral nitrogen in Haplic Chernozem in southern zone of Rostov Region. It has been revealed that the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the winter wheat areas cultivated by various agricultural technologies does not significantly change in samples collected both in spring and in summer. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen under resource-saving technologies (both minimum and Notill) has been higher than under ploughing throughout the whole period of study. The trend identified has not been mathematically confirmed. Nevertheless, the impact of No-till technology on the intensity of ammonification and nitrification should not be unequivocally denied, since a significant amount of mineral nitrogen is extracted by crops, and their crop yields under minimum and zero tillage was higher, than when ploughing was applied.

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FEATURES OF SELECTIVE IMPROVEMENT OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE ROSTOV REGION STEPPE ZONE

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2020/5/18-22 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

М. А. Fomenko ◽

А. I. Grabovets ◽

T. А. Oleynikova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Selection Process ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

The State ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Soft Wheat ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Rostov Region

The research was carried out in 2005 – 2019 at the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center in the Rostov region. The material was the breeding material of various generations of the breeding center. The introduction of semi-dwarf forms into the selection process was accompanied by the involvement of medium-sized local varieties Tarasovskaya 29, Severodonskaya, Severodonskaya 5, Severodonskaya 12, which were adapted to local conditions as step crosses. Also recursive parental forms from various ekonish were used. Field experiments and censuses were carried out in accordance with the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing (1971, 1989) and the Methodological Instructions of the World Collection Vir (1977). Breeding of winter wheat was carried out by conventional methods using the bulk method and pedigree.The material was the selection material of different generations of FRANZ breeding. Recombinants of previous generations were used to create varieties of winter soft wheat of the new morphobiotype Donmira, Acapella, Bylina Don. Under different stress factors, the features of the formation of agrocenoses of new phenotypes were revealed. In order to improve individual characteristics, sources of winter and frost resistance were used. A marker sign of selection for productivity and adaptability in drought conditions is an increase in the weight of grain from the plant and ear, the yield index. Further development of breeding of semi-dwarf varieties will be associated with an increase in the capacity of the agrocenosis. The research was implemented in the creation of 20 varieties of winter soft wheat, which are included in the State register of breeding achievements, with a wide area of cultivation.

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QUALITY INDICATORS OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES IN ECOLOGICAL VARIETY TRIALS

TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES ◽

10.33952/2542-0720-2020-4-24-143-151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (24) ◽

pp. 143-151

Author(s):

S.V. Podgorny ◽

◽

O.V. Skripka ◽

A.P. Samofalov ◽

S.N. Gromova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Soft Wheat ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Variety Trials ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Gluten Content

Improving the quality of wheat grain is an important task of agricultural production. In recent years, the production of strong and valuable wheat, necessary for the production of high-quality baking flour, has decreased. In this regard, the study of the quality of grain varieties of winter wheat in specific soil and climatic conditions of the Rostov region is becoming topical. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the main indicators of grain quality of varieties of soft winter wheat (protein and gluten content, flour strength, bread size from 100 g of flour) in ecological variety trials to select the best under conditions of the Rostov region. The studies were carried out on the trial fields of the Laboratory of selection and seed production of winter soft wheat of intensive type of the State Scientific Establishment “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»” (Rostov region) in 2014–2016. Seventy-five varieties were studied in the course of the research. Planting dates – optimal for implementation of agricultural and agro-technical measures. Planter – «Wintersteiger Plotseed S.» Seed placement depth – 4–6 cm. Preceding crop – black fallow. Accounting square of fields – 10 m2, double replication. Seeding rate – 4.5 million seeds per hectare. Grain quality was assessed according to the methods of the national standards of the Russian Federation. Such grain quality indicators as gluten content (according to GOST R 54478-2011), protein mass fraction (as required by GOST 108460-91), baking properties of flour (in a laboratory using the remix method) were determined. The article discusses the main indicators of the quality of grain and flour of winter soft wheat varieties in ecological variety testing and compares them. Analysis of the main indicators of the quality of varieties in trials showed that in the south of the Rostov region in 2014–2016 flour strength and gluten content were the most variable indicators. In terms of protein content (> 14.5 %), 8.0 % of the studied varieties were in full compliance with strong wheat standards; by the gluten content (> 28 %) – 7.0 %; by the flour strength (>280 e.a.) – 9.0 %. Five varieties of winter soft wheat: ‘Aksinya’, ‘Tanais’, ‘Asket’, ‘Nakhodka’, ‘Yumpa’ (Russia) with a complex of economically valuable traits are of greater interest for practical breeding in terms of improving grain quality.

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Effective Technological Schemes for the Cultivation of Industrial Open-Earth Vineyards in the Don Area

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v0i0.8948 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huseynov Shamil ◽

Mayborodin Sergey

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

Optimal Parameters ◽

Economic Point ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Rostov Region ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Management Method ◽

Grape Varieties ◽

Technological Methods

Over the long years of the development of agro-technological approaches to the methods of grape growing, researchers paid special attention to the issues of pruning grape bushes, the methods of their formation and maintenance and planting plans. In the environmental conditions of the Lower Don of the Russian Federation, many years of research were conducted in order to establish the optimal parameters of various agro-technological methods used in the vineyard (the methods of maintaining, forming, pruning and the rates of bush loading) through the example of a promising variety of Crystal grapes of interspecific origin. At the same time, a prerequisite for this research was the link with the scheme of planting vines and its effect on the productivity of uncultivated vineyards, as well as the quality of the crop. In this study, we proposed the technological and economic advantages of industrial and intensive methods of maintaining and forming vineyards on an industrial basis. These methods were new for the Don conditions. We conducted research and studied various ways of maintaining, forming, pruning and loading grape bushes in the Rostov Region, in the conditions of the experimental field, which increased the use of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) in the production process on standard open-earth vineyards of industrial and intensive type, when cultivating Crystal grape varieties of interspecific origin. Processing and analysis of the results of the application of various agricultural methods in the experimental areas will reveal the most optimal ones from an economic point of view. Keywords: grapes, architectonics, management method, productivity, biomass

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The efficiency of biological products’ use for winter wheat varieties in the Rostov region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-67-1-72-76 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 72-76

Author(s):

D. A. Repka ◽

L. P. Beltyukov ◽

Е. К. Kuvshinova ◽

E. A. Potapov

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Biological Products ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

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The expediency of using a plant protection system using the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, W in the cultivation of winter wheat in the Southern natural and agricultural zone of the Rostov region

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20224201020 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 01020

Author(s):

Gennady Urban ◽

Olga Krotova ◽

Denis Efimov ◽

Konstantin Savenkov ◽

Maria Savenkova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Protection System ◽

Subtilis Strain ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Biological Effectiveness ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact ◽

Plant Protection System

The authors analyzed the biological effectiveness of the integrated plant protection system formed when the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh was included in the classical protection scheme adopted in the farms of the Rostov region. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, was analyzed, the impact of the studied protection system on the yield, the quality of the grain obtained, the phytosanitary condition of the crop during the growing season on winter wheat crops of the variety Nakhodka with the use of a plant protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh. The fungicide BisolbiSan, containing a culture of rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain H-13, suppresses the germination of spores and mycelium growth of phytopathogenic fungi due to the multilateral action of bacterial metabolites, without causing the formation of resistance in pathogens. It was found that the protection system used practically does not cause a decrease in grain quality — in terms of the average protein and gluten content, the grain at the experimental site even slightly exceeds the grain obtained from the control site by 16.88% and 27.8%. With the cost of winter wheat grain of 1100 rubles/kg, an increase in the yield in the experiment of 3.8 kg/ha in relation to control and the cost of an experimental protection system in the amount of 3,357 rubles/ha, revenue amounted to 823 rubles/ha.

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The breeding work on the winter bread wheat varieties of intensive type in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-72-6-19-25 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

O. V. Skripka ◽

S. V. Podgorny ◽

A. P. Samofalov ◽

V. L. Chernova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Frost Resistance ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

The State ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Breeding Work ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Winter Bread Wheat

The systematic study on winter wheat breeding began in 1955 in the former Zernograd experimental station, and now the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “ARC “Donskoy”. Under these conditions, the development of the most suitable for local conditions varieties of intensive type with increased frost resistance determined the main direction of winter wheat breeding in those years. In the early 1980s, the area of black fallow increased in the Rostov region, much attention was paid to irrigated agriculture. There was planned to increase the area under irrigation in the North Caucasus to 1 million hectares. Therefore, there was set a goal to develop highly productive, low-stemmed, resistant to lodging varieties, responsive to mineral fertilizing with complex immunity to diseases. The breeding work of the laboratory for the breeding and seed production of winter bread wheat of an intensive type over the past forty years resulted in the development of 22 varieties of intensive type with good adaptability to the conditions of the Rostov region. In 2020, 17 winter bread wheat varieties of an intensive type were included into the State List of Breeding Achievements, five varieties ‘Yubiley Dona’, ‘Zodiak’, ‘Univer’, ‘Razdolye’, ‘Rubin Dona’ are currently undergoing the State Variety Testing at the SVTs of the Russian Federation. A stable productivity improvement is possible only with the emphasis on the development of varieties with broad adaptive properties, providing sufficiently high yields under various cultivation conditions. Among the breeding traits that affect productivity stability, the most significant in the conditions of the Don are winter and frost resistance, disease resistance, drought resistance, early ripeness, and grain quality. Therefore, the adaptive potential increase is the most important task for the future breeding. In order to solve this problem, intraspecific and interspecific hybridization, followed by targeted selection, remains the main breeding method of winter bread wheat of an intensive type.

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