scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC-BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS SORGHUM-SUDAN HYBRIDS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. А. Shishova ◽  
N. A. Kovtunova ◽  
V. V. Kovtunov ◽  
А. Е. Romanyukin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Due to a high stooling coefficient and good growing after cutting, sorghum can be used in the green conveyor in the summer between the cutting of annual and perennial grasses, in the fall when the growth of perennial grasses stops. Hybridization of Sudan grass with CMS-lines of various sorghum types (grain and sweet), produces highly heterotic sorghum-Sudan hybrids which exceed the parental forms in green mass productivity by 1.5 times or more. The identification of new sorghum-Sudan hybrids with high heterotic effects on productivity of green mass and dry matter with their future introduction into production is an important direction of sorghum breeding. The purpose of this work is to identify the main stages of the development of sorghum-Sudanese hybrids and to estimate indicators of their productivity and quality. The CMS lines of grain and sweet sorghum, highly productive varieties of Sudanese grass and new sorghum-Sudan hybrids are the objects of the study. The initial stage is the selection of parental forms. Highly productive and permanent varieties are of great necessity as pollinators. In our studies, these are the varieties “Svetloplenchataya 1”, “Chernoplenchataya 11” and “Chernoplenchataya 10” with 33–42 t/ha of green mass for 2 cuttings. Due to the more powerful plant development the new sorghum-Sudanese hybrids produce 52–77 t/ha of green mass for 2 cuttings. Genuine heterosis is 22.6–102.6%. During the study there have been identified the hybrids “APV-1115 x Svetloplenchataya 1” and “Zersta 38 x Chernoplenchataya 11”, that combine the maximum values of the productivity of green mass and dry matter.

scholarly journals Influence of increasing doses of nitrogen on feed productivity of perennial grasses

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasil'evna Ivanova ◽  
Olga Vasil'evna Kurdakova ◽  
Aminat Msostovna Konova ◽  
Anna Yurievna Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
State Register ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

In the course of the experiment, the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of clover of the meadow variety Nadezhny, entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2012, was analyzed. A comparison is also made of this influence with the timothy of the meadow variety Leningradskaya 204. It was established that the pre-sowing introduction of mineral nitrogen for clover and timothy has influenced the productivity of these crops, but the nature of this effect varies depending on the type of grass. The introduction of N20 against the background of P30K90, which provided an increase in control of 51.2% for green mass and 33.6% for air-dry matter, was optimal for meadow clover of the first year of life. For grassland clover second year of life, the best option was N0P30K90, which gave an increase of 56.6% to the control on green mass and 50.6% on air-dry matter. A further increase in the dose of nitrogen on the options caused a decrease in yield increase. Timothy meadow for two years of life was traced responsiveness to the provision of nitrogen. The most productive in all respects was the option N120P30K90.    

scholarly journals Inheritance of the main quantitative traits in sweet sorghum hybrids F1

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Natalia Kovtunova ◽  
Vladimir Kovtunov ◽  
Aleksey Popov ◽  
Aleksandr Volodin ◽  
Elena Shishova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Height Increase

Sweet sorghum hybrids F1 in productivity can surpass the parental forms on 50-60%. Thus the breeding process is aimed to develop first generation hybrids with a strong potential of productivity and quality of green mass and silage. The purpose of the work is to study heritability and heterosis of the quantitative traits of sweet sorghum hybrids F1 obtained on a sterile basis. The study was conducted in 2013-2015 on the lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (‘A-63’, ‘Knyazhna’, ‘APV-1115), the varieties (‘Listvenit’, ‘Severnoe 44’, ‘Zernogradskoe 454’, ‘Stavropolskoe 36’, ‘Galiya’ and ‘Larets’) and the hybrids. The inheritance of green mass productivity and absolutely dry matter, the length of a vegetation period, plant height and leaf formation (foliage), protein content in dry matter of the hybrids occurred according to the type of dominance and overdominance. It has been determined that while choosing the parental forms for hybridization it’s essential to select the forms with differences in the vegetation period of 4-6 days to avoid the dominance of late maturity. The height pollinator increase results in the hybrid height increase and large heterosis. It’s necessary to select the parental forms with maximum foliage to improve leaf formation in the hybrids.

Yield and quality of irrigated summer fodder crops in northern Victoria

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Fodder Crops

Dry matter (DM) yield, in vitro digestibility (DMD%), and nitrogen (N) concentration were determined for 28 cultivars of millet (Echinochloa utilis), hybrid forage sorghum (Sorghum spp.) and maize (Zea mays), under irrigation at Kyabram, Victoria. These summer fodder crops produced large amounts of digestible dry matter (DDM) under intensive irrigated management in northern Victoria, indicating their potential importance for animal production in irrigated warm temperate regions, where pasture dominates the present land use. Single harvest cultivars produced more DM and DDM than did multiple-cut types but with a lower N concentration and generally lower digestibility. Comparing the highest 3-year mean yields for each species, sweet sorghum cv. Honey drip produced more dry matter (273 t/ha) than did maize cv. XL77 (21.6 t/ha) but yields of DDM were similar (14.4 v. 14.0 t/ha). Both yielded more DM and DDM than grain sorghum cv. Pacific 303 (20.1 t DM/ha and 12.4 t DDM/ha). Maize had higher digestibility (65.0%) than grain sorghum (61.5%) or sweet sorghum (53.0% DMD) and higher N concentration (1.1%) than sweet sorghum (0.9%). All maize cultivars had similar dry matter yields but differed in grain yield. Echinochloa millet cv. Shirohie produced a similar amount of DM (16.3 t/ha) and DDM (10.8 t DM/ha) to sorghum x sudan grass hybrid cv. Sudax (17.1 t DM/ha and 10.7 t DDM/ha). This contrasts with their comparative performance at lower latitudes where sorghum hybrids have the higher yield. There was no difference in mean yield between cultivars of sorghum x sudan grass hybrid. Millet had a higher digestibility (65.9%) and nitrogen concentration (1.9%) than sorghum x sudan hybrids (63.3% DMD, 1.5% N). In this environment, maize and Echinochloa millet had similar DDM yield capacities to sorghum cultivars oftheir equivalent type but superior forage quality.

scholarly journals WHITE MUSTARD — MEANING, APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-67
Author(s):  
Valentina Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Fodder

A review of the literature on the significance, biological features, and use of white mustard is presented. White mustard is one of the most precocious crops of the cabbage family. It is used as a forage and sideral crop. It has a large yield of green mass, is unpretentious in cultivation, it can be used from early spring to late autumn. When sown as an intermediate crop, white mustard plants in the early flowering phase contain 21–25% protein, 24–27% fiber in the dry matter; the nutritional value of 1 kg of dry matter is 0.7–0.8 feed units. Great preceding crop, phytomeliorant and phytoremediate soil, improves the physical properties of soils. It is used in multicomponent mixtures for green fodder and as a supporting crop in mixed agrocenoses with legumes, and is increasingly used as a cover crop for perennial grasses. The oil is used in the food industry and for biofuel production. Seeds, cake and meal are used in the medical, cosmetic, food, chemical industries, have herbicidal and insecticidal properties when used in biological agriculture. White mustard is characterized by such positive economic signs, as the resistance to cracking of pods, the early blight, heat stress, insect pests and nematodes; used in distant hybridization with rapeseed spring with the aim of improving rapeseed on a number of sings. For 2020, 19 varieties of white mustard are allowed to be used, 4 of them are foreign, and 5 varieties are declared as non-erucic. The variety of white mustard Lugovskaya, created in the Federal Research Center "VIK named after V.R. Williams", is used for forage and sideration purposes both in the main and in intermediate crops. The vegetation period in the Center Non-Chernozem zone is from 78 to 92 days. Seed yield from 1.94 to 2.35 t/ha, yield of green mass when sown in spring from 19.9 to 23.4 t/ha, dry matter – from 2.5 to 3.9 t/ha.

scholarly journals Оrganization of a green conveyor of zoned perennial grasses in the Far North

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
S. A. Pavlova ◽  
E. S. Pestereva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Far North ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein

Relevance. The aim of the work is to create a green conveyor belt of perennial zoned grasses in floodplain meadows. For the first time in the Far North on the basis of field experience were studied species composition and mode of use of perennial grasses and legumes for green belt.Methods. The research was conducted in 2018–2020 in field conditions in the experimental field laboratory of horticulture of Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture named after M.G. Safronov in the Khangalassky ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The soil of the experimental site is permafrost floodplain turf light loamy. Sowing was carried out in summer in the first decade of July.Results. The article includes data on the yield, chemical composition and nutritional value, and economic efficiency of perennial grasses. Over the years of research, the maximum yield was obtained from the grass mixtures of rumps (20)+ wheatgrass (16) — 4.0 t/ha of green mass, which is higher than the natural herbage by 2.4 t/ha of green mass. The yield of net sowing of sickle alfalfa (8 kg/ha) was 4.5 t/ha of green mass. The maximum yield from leguminous grass mixtures was provided by a two-component mixture of alfalfa (8 kg/ha) + stalk (10 kg/ha) — 4.9 t/ha of green mass. The highest content of crude protein when creating a green conveyor from single-species cereal crops is observed in red oatmeal — 18.2%, while the content of exchange energy is 9.1 MJ, feed units — 0.66, digestible protein — 122 g in 1 kg of dry matter. Of legumes and cereals the highest content of raw protein is provided by alfalfa (8 kg/ha) — 19.0%, while the content of exchange energy is 9.3 MJ, feed units — 0.70, digestible protein is 120 g per 1 kg of dry matter. When creating a green conveyor from grass stands, a high conditional net income is obtained when sowing boneless stalk (20 kg/ha) +w heatgrass (16 kg/ha) — 5688 rubles/ha, while the cost of production is 12,000 rubles/ha, the profitability is 90%.

Nutritional value and productivity of unconventional two-component mixtures of annual grasses in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Аветисян ◽  
Л. Байкалова ◽  
Ю. Едимеичев ◽  
А. Машанов ◽  
С. Смолин
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
High Yields

Исследования проводились на поле УНПК Борский Сухобузимского района Красноярского края в период с 2004 по 2016 год. В представленной работе проведена оценка питательной ценности и продуктивности двухкомпонентных смесей однолетних культур из различных семейств. В 20042011 и 20132016 годах в условиях Красноярского края определялась урожайность зелёной массы, сбор и содержание сухого вещества, кормопротеиновых единиц, переваримого протеина, обменной энергии в натуральном корме из смесей: овёс вика (40 50) овёс горох (40 50) пайза редька (50 50) кукуруза пелюшка (40 50) сорго бобы (40 50) суданка редька (40 50) пайза пелюшка (50 50) пайза рапс (40 50) кукуруза бобы (50 50) просо рапс (40 50). Получены высокие урожаи: зелёной массы до 80,57 т/га, сухого вещества до 15,07 т/га против 32,55 и 7,19 т/га соответственно у викоовсяной смеси, используемой в качестве контроля. При этом установлено, что сбор кормопротеиновых единиц, переваримого протеина и энергопродуктивность наибольшие у малораспространённых смешанных посевов до 11,46 т/га, 2,26 т/га и 149,2 ГДж/га, тогда как викоовсяная смесь обеспечила только 4,31 т/га, 0,83 т/га и 72,04 ГДж/га соответственно. Выделившиеся по продуктивности и качеству кормосмеси кукуруза бобы (50 50), сорго бобы (40 50), кукуруза пелюшка (40 50), суданка редька (40 50) рекомендуется использовать на кормовые цели на сельскохозяйственных предприятиях Красноярского края. This article deals with analyses on nutritional value and productivity of twocomponent mixtures of various annual grasses. In 20042011 and 20132016 the experiments tested green mass yield, dry matter content, feed protein units, digestible protein and exchange energy of grasses in the Krasnoyarsk territory. The grass mixtures were composed of oats vetch oats pea Japanese millet radish maize Australian winter pea sorghum legumes Sudan grass radish Japanese millet Australian winter pea Japanese millet rapeseed maize legumes millet rapeseed. High yields were obtained: green mass up to 80.57 t ha1, dry matter up to 15.07 t ha1 versus 32.55 and 7.19 t ha1, respectively, of vetchoats control. Unconventional grasses formed the highest contents of feed protein units, digestible protein and energy up to 11.46 t ha1, 2.26 t ha1 and 149.2 GJ ha1, while vetchoat ecosystem produced only 4.31 t ha1, 0.83 t ha1 and 72.04 GJ ha1, respectively. Mixtures of maize legumes, sorghum legumes, maize Australian winter pea, Sudan grass radish performed the best and are recommended for cultivation in the region.

scholarly journals BREEDING OF CREEPING CLOVER IN THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Timoshkina ◽  
Oleg Timoshkin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The article presents the data of assessing the productivity and nutritional value of selection samples of creeping clover in the nursery of the competitive variety testing of 2016 sowing for three years of use. The purpose of the research is to identify a promising breeding material of creeping clover for creating a variety with high productivity of green mass and seeds, suitable for mechanized harvesting of seeds for the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The research was carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental field of a separate subdivision of Penza FGBSI FSC of BC in accordance with the methodological instructions for the selection of perennial grasses. On average over three years of use in terms of the yield of green mass – 15.00-16.44 t/ha, cultivar samples of creeping clover V-92, Yu-90, P-97, Pl-90-4 significantly exceeded the VIK-70 standard (14,01 t/ha) by 7.1-17.3%, for the collection of dry matter – 3.49-3.97 t/ha varieties V-92, Yu-90, P-97 and Pl-90-3 reliably exceeded the standard (3.29 t/ha) by 6.1-20.7%, in the collection of digestible protein – 0.44-0.49 t/ha, the varieties B-92 and P-97 exceeded the standard (0, 40 t/ha) by 10.0-22.5%. Maximum values of the yield of green mass (16.44 t/ha), dry matter collection (3.97 t/ha), digestible protein (0.49 t/ha), feed units (5.04 t/ha) and exchange energy (49.12 GJ/ha) on average for the years of testing showed the sample P-97. This specimen significantly exceeded the standard in terms of structural elements and seed yield by 50.5%, in the height of leaf petioles by 3.5% and peduncles by 2.5%, which is important for mechanized harvesting of seeds. When selecting for the productivity of creeping clover, one should pay attention to the signs associated with the yield of green mass and seeds. The length of leaf petioles correlates with the length of peduncles (r = 0.78), the number of seeds in the head (r = 0.46), the number of inflorescences in the head (r = 0.47), with the collection of dry matter (r = 0.31). The length of the peduncles correlates with the collection of dry matter (r = 0.30), with the number of inflorescences in the head (r = 0.54), and with the number of seeds in the head (r = 0.51). The number of inflorescences in the head correlates with the number of seeds in the head (r = 0.61) and with the yield of seeds (r = 0.31)

scholarly journals Energy evaluation of sorghum growing technology in the South of Mykolaiv region

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
M. Fedorchuk ◽  
◽  
O. Kovalenko ◽  
V. Havrish ◽  
A. Chernova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Energy Equivalent ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Important Direction

In the conditions of a high drought of climate of the Nikolaev area and fluctuations of temperature on years the important direction of increase of productivity of arable land is cultivation of drought-resistant cultures and improvement of the technological receptions directed on creation of highly productive agrocenoses. Sorghum is a crop that can withstand high temperatures and prolonged droughts: to consume one kg of dry matter, it consumes almost 1.5 times less water than corn and 2 times less than cereals. Its value is also due to the versatility of use, the ability to give stable yields, the possibility of growing on unproductive soils. This article evaluates the energy efficiency of growing sugar and grain sorghum in the context of climate change. Keywords: energy equivalent, energy efficiency coefficient, energy costs, grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, biofuel, energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Promising uncommon poaceous and leguminous fodder crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Feed Unit

The results of research (2016-2018) into productivity, adaptability and nutritional value of poaceous crops (forage millet, Sudan grass) and legumes (fodder beans, spring vetch, garden peas) are presented and analyzed. The research was conducted on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil, light loam by granulometric composition, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. Agricultural technology used for fodder crop cultivation was common for this area. The objects of the research were legumes (Sibirskiye forage beans, Novosibirskaya spring vetch, Holik garden peas), and poaceous varieties (Bystroe forage millet, Novosibirskaya 84 Sudan grass). The experimental work was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted guidelines for field experiments. All the forage crops under study have formed a fairly high productivity: the yield of green mass was 13.0-18.2 t/ha, dry matter – 2.6-3.2, feed units – 2.2-2.7 t/ha, digestible protein – 220-567 kg/ha, gross energy – 26.5-32.2 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein 100-210 g per one feed unit. Among leguminous crops, spring vetch and fodder beans had an advantage with the green mass yield of 13.3-15.0 t/ha, the amount of dry matter of 3.1-3.2, feed units of 2.6-2.7 t/ha, digestible protein 494–567 kg/ha, gross energy 32.0–32.2 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein of 190–210 g per one feed unit. Garden peas were inferior to spring vetch and fodder beans in yield by 2.3-13.3%, dry matter – by 9.6-12.5, feed units – by 3.8-7.4, digestible protein – by 4.9-17.1, gross energy – by 8.1–8.7%. Among poaceous crops, agrocenoses of Sudan grass had an advantage in productivity and nutritional value. They formed the yield of green mass 18.2 t/ha, the amount of dry matter 3.1, feed units 2.5 t/ha, digestible protein 300 kg/ha, gross energy 31.3 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein of 120 g per one feed unit. Fodder millet was inferior to Sudan grass in all respects by 12.0–26.7%, respectively.

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