scholarly journals Inheritance of the main quantitative traits in sweet sorghum hybrids F1

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Natalia Kovtunova ◽  
Vladimir Kovtunov ◽  
Aleksey Popov ◽  
Aleksandr Volodin ◽  
Elena Shishova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Height Increase

Sweet sorghum hybrids F1 in productivity can surpass the parental forms on 50-60%. Thus the breeding process is aimed to develop first generation hybrids with a strong potential of productivity and quality of green mass and silage. The purpose of the work is to study heritability and heterosis of the quantitative traits of sweet sorghum hybrids F1 obtained on a sterile basis. The study was conducted in 2013-2015 on the lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (‘A-63’, ‘Knyazhna’, ‘APV-1115), the varieties (‘Listvenit’, ‘Severnoe 44’, ‘Zernogradskoe 454’, ‘Stavropolskoe 36’, ‘Galiya’ and ‘Larets’) and the hybrids. The inheritance of green mass productivity and absolutely dry matter, the length of a vegetation period, plant height and leaf formation (foliage), protein content in dry matter of the hybrids occurred according to the type of dominance and overdominance. It has been determined that while choosing the parental forms for hybridization it’s essential to select the forms with differences in the vegetation period of 4-6 days to avoid the dominance of late maturity. The height pollinator increase results in the hybrid height increase and large heterosis. It’s necessary to select the parental forms with maximum foliage to improve leaf formation in the hybrids.

VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF THE SUDAN GRASS

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
А. V. Alabushev ◽  
N. А. Kovtunova ◽  
V. V. Kovtunov ◽  
А. Е. Romanyukin ◽  
Е. А. Shishova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The correlation between the traits allows making an indirect selection, while the selection according to one trait results in the selection of another indicator. The purpose of the work is to estimate the variability of quantitative traits of Sudan grass and the correlations between them, to identify marker traits of high productivity and quality of green mass. There have been presented the study results of 115 collection samples of Sudan grass with various environmental and geographical origin of the Rostov region made in 2014-2018. There was a great variability (V=29.7-50.0%) in tillering, leaf square, green mass yield, stem diameter, plant height among the studied varieties.  The percentage of fiber and nitrogen-free extractive substances in the green mass of the studied Sudanese grass samples were characterized with high stability (V = 4.9-5.0%). The analysis has identified a strong correlation between green mass productivity and leaf length (r=0.59±0.01), leaf width (r=0.57±0.02), leaf square (r=0.54±0.03), plant height (r=0.48±0.06), length of ‘vegetation-ear formation’ period (r=0.48±0.004) and number of leaves (r=0.42±0.03). There has been identified a group of samples ‘Boldinsky’, ‘Fioros’, ‘К-176’, ‘К-205, ‘К-272’ with 35-55 t/ha green mass productivity and with 20.5-24.5% dry matter in green mass. The conducted analysis has shown that dry matter percentage greatly correlates with plant height (r=0.30±0.001), vegetation period (r=0.34±0.004) and number of leaves (r=0.26±0.006). The markers of high productivity and quality of green mass are length of a vegetation period and number of leaves (their increase results in the growth of green mass yields), dry matter percentage in green mass and protein decrease in it.

scholarly journals NEW VARIETY OF YELLOW FODDER LUPINE 'BULAT'

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Natalya Novik ◽  
Inna Savvicheva ◽  
Anna Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
State List

The article presents steps of development of a new yellow lupin variety 'Bulat'. Its pedigree and description for competition tests years are given. In 2009 five productive, tall plants without extern anthracnose symptoms have been selected from the hybrid 6-02-10-10 under heavy anthracnose epiphytoty. Later the line 09-3-50-2 has been selected for green mass and seeds yield. It was tested in a competition test nursery since 2013. The line named as 'Bulat' was included to The State List of Breeding Achievements Allowed for Use. The average seed yield for six tests years made 1.87 t/ha and the yield of its green mass made 60.4 t/ha. 'Bulat' is for universal use (grain forage, green fodder, and grass conserved forage). It is resistant to pods cracking and seeds shedding. Weight of 1000 seeds is 112 grams. Vegetation period is 90–99 days. Crude protein in seeds is 42%, in dry matter of green mass it is 18%. Seed alkaloid content is 0.06%, in green mass it is 0.02%. The variety is resistant to Fusarium and tolerant to anthracnose. It suits for cultivation on light and cohesive soils.

scholarly journals WHITE MUSTARD — MEANING, APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-67
Author(s):  
Valentina Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Fodder

A review of the literature on the significance, biological features, and use of white mustard is presented. White mustard is one of the most precocious crops of the cabbage family. It is used as a forage and sideral crop. It has a large yield of green mass, is unpretentious in cultivation, it can be used from early spring to late autumn. When sown as an intermediate crop, white mustard plants in the early flowering phase contain 21–25% protein, 24–27% fiber in the dry matter; the nutritional value of 1 kg of dry matter is 0.7–0.8 feed units. Great preceding crop, phytomeliorant and phytoremediate soil, improves the physical properties of soils. It is used in multicomponent mixtures for green fodder and as a supporting crop in mixed agrocenoses with legumes, and is increasingly used as a cover crop for perennial grasses. The oil is used in the food industry and for biofuel production. Seeds, cake and meal are used in the medical, cosmetic, food, chemical industries, have herbicidal and insecticidal properties when used in biological agriculture. White mustard is characterized by such positive economic signs, as the resistance to cracking of pods, the early blight, heat stress, insect pests and nematodes; used in distant hybridization with rapeseed spring with the aim of improving rapeseed on a number of sings. For 2020, 19 varieties of white mustard are allowed to be used, 4 of them are foreign, and 5 varieties are declared as non-erucic. The variety of white mustard Lugovskaya, created in the Federal Research Center "VIK named after V.R. Williams", is used for forage and sideration purposes both in the main and in intermediate crops. The vegetation period in the Center Non-Chernozem zone is from 78 to 92 days. Seed yield from 1.94 to 2.35 t/ha, yield of green mass when sown in spring from 19.9 to 23.4 t/ha, dry matter – from 2.5 to 3.9 t/ha.

scholarly journals The estimation of productivity and quality of sainfoin forage

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
A. Ignatiev ◽  
A. A. Regidin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Perennial Legume

In the arid south ofRussiasainfoin is one of the key perennial legume forage grasses. It has a number of economic and biological traits and properties, such as anything goes approach to soil cultivation, drought tolerance, early maturity, stability of green mass and seed productivity; seeds don’t need any insecticides, it is convenient for growing in field crop rotation, it is a good forecrop for winter grain crops and it is used as a green manure crop. The purpose of the current study was the estimation of productivity and forage quality of the sainfoin varieties developed in theFSBSIAgriculturalResearchCenter“Donskoy” to the results, there has been found that the sainfoin varieties of theFSBSIAgriculturalResearchCenter“Donskoy” produced stable and large yields of green mass, dry matter and seeds. Throughout the years, productivity of green mass and dry matter of the sainfoin varieties “Veles”, “Sudar” and “Shuravi” varied from 30.0 t/ha to 36.5 t/ha and 8.1 t/ha to 8.3 t/ha, which was higher than that of the standard variety “Zernogradsky2”, respectively 6.5–12.5% and 8.0–10.7%. The productivity of the seeds of these varieties was 0.72–0.77 t/ha, or 9.1–16.7% higher than that of the standard variety. The largest yields among all varieties were produced by the variety “Shuravi”. The varieties “Veles”, “Sudar” and “Shuravi” exceeded the standard variety in the yields of forage units per1 haon 8.0–10.7%, raw protein on 8.1–14.1%, and digestible protein on 9.7–12.9%. Due to the larger yields of dry matter, they produced 83 430–85 490 MJ of gross energy per1 hectare.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC-BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS SORGHUM-SUDAN HYBRIDS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. А. Shishova ◽  
N. A. Kovtunova ◽  
V. V. Kovtunov ◽  
А. Е. Romanyukin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Due to a high stooling coefficient and good growing after cutting, sorghum can be used in the green conveyor in the summer between the cutting of annual and perennial grasses, in the fall when the growth of perennial grasses stops. Hybridization of Sudan grass with CMS-lines of various sorghum types (grain and sweet), produces highly heterotic sorghum-Sudan hybrids which exceed the parental forms in green mass productivity by 1.5 times or more. The identification of new sorghum-Sudan hybrids with high heterotic effects on productivity of green mass and dry matter with their future introduction into production is an important direction of sorghum breeding. The purpose of this work is to identify the main stages of the development of sorghum-Sudanese hybrids and to estimate indicators of their productivity and quality. The CMS lines of grain and sweet sorghum, highly productive varieties of Sudanese grass and new sorghum-Sudan hybrids are the objects of the study. The initial stage is the selection of parental forms. Highly productive and permanent varieties are of great necessity as pollinators. In our studies, these are the varieties “Svetloplenchataya 1”, “Chernoplenchataya 11” and “Chernoplenchataya 10” with 33–42 t/ha of green mass for 2 cuttings. Due to the more powerful plant development the new sorghum-Sudanese hybrids produce 52–77 t/ha of green mass for 2 cuttings. Genuine heterosis is 22.6–102.6%. During the study there have been identified the hybrids “APV-1115 x Svetloplenchataya 1” and “Zersta 38 x Chernoplenchataya 11”, that combine the maximum values of the productivity of green mass and dry matter.

scholarly journals Fermentation Parameters and Quality of Sweet and Biomass Sorghum Silages With Doses of Vinasse

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
José Henrique Da Silva Taveira ◽  
Kátia Aparecida De Pinho Costa ◽  
Millena De Moura Aquino ◽  
Cecília Vieira Da Silva ◽  
Wender Ferreira De Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

The cultivation of sorghum for silage production has gained more space each year because of its satisfactory nutritional characteristics, resistance to water deficit and adaptability to various types of soil. Thus, the use of sorghum silage has been an alternative for periods of low forage production, providing quality food for ruminants. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the fermentation parameters and quality of sweet and biomass sorghum silages added with doses of vinasse. The experiment was a 2 x 5 factorial completely randomized design with three replications of two sorghum species (sweet and biomass) and five doses of vinasse applied to the soil: 0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 m3 ha-1, totaling 30 experimental silos. For silage, sorghum species were harvested in the 105-day cycle, with 30.5 and 32.3 g kg-1 dry matter, for biomass and sweet sorghum, respectively. The results showed that the biomass sorghum silage showed higher dry mass production. However, the sweet sorghum silage presented a lower buffering capacity, NH3-N, and higher concentration of lactic acid. Doses of vinasse increased the content of crude protein, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and ether extract and reduced fiber fractions in both sorghum species, showing that both species can be used for silage production. Vinasse is a promising alternative to organic fertilizer, since the use of 200 m3 ha-1 positively influenced the fermentation parameters and nutritional value of the sorghum silages.

scholarly journals The effect of soil biostimulant Agriful on the selected quantitative and qualitative parameters of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.)

10.5219/1696 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1120-1127
Author(s):  
Alena Andrejiová ◽  
Júlia Fabianová ◽  
Miroslav Šlosár ◽  
Alžbeta Hegedűsová ◽  
Lenka Benzová
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Control Variant

The research task was focused on an important type of root vegetable – carrot (Daucus carota L.), cultivar ´Romance F1´ (family: Apiaceae). The main goal was to verify the application of soil biostimulant Agriful (based on humic and fulvic acids) and its impact on the yield potential and quality of carrot roots. Nowadays, it is the common need to intensify and increase crop production because of the growing human population and look for environmentally friendly cultivation methods. In general, biostimulants are biologically based products and their purpose is to stimulate the natural nutritional processes in cultivated crops. In the realized experiment, Agriful (treatment of 5 L/300 L water/ha) was applied twice per vegetation period by spraying over the pivot. The increase of average root weight after the application of Agriful was found, concretely about +4.47% compared to the control variant. The higher root weight after Agriful application resulted in a higher total yield of carrot about +2.84% compared to the control variant. The quality of consumable parts of carrots were evaluated based on the classification of roots into quality classes according to the valid standard for fresh carrot marketing (UNECE FFV-10). In the ´Extra class´, there was an increase in the average yield after the application of Agriful about +5.4%; The average carrot yield in ´Class I´ was decreased about -1.0% and the root ratio in the ´Class II´ decreased about -1.9%. The ratio of ´Non-standard´ carrot roots was lower about -2.5%. Based on evaluating qualitative substance content (total carotenoids, refractometric dry matter), the positive influence of the effect of Agriful application was found. The content of total carotenoids was higher about +8.7% compared to the control variant. The refractometric dry matter was higher about +4.1% compared to the control variant. The obtained results can be used in further research on biostimulants and it is possible to create clear recommendations for using Agriful for small growers. It should be useful to verify these results in another vegetation period for recommendation to large-scale producers of carrots.

scholarly journals Fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of sweet sorghum silage with Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass

2021 ◽  
pp. 1923-1940
Author(s):  
Nariane Coelho de Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Laíne Gonçalves Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Carolina Gomes Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Tropical Forages ◽  
Sorghum Silage

Ensiling sorghum with tropical forages has been shown to be a promising alternative for ruminant feed production, as this approach improves the quality of the sorghum silage. In this context, the goal of this study was to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of sweet sorghum silage made with different levels of Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized 2 x 6 factorial design with four replications. Two forages (Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass) were added to sorghum at six levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), for a total of 48 experimental silos. After 50 days of fermentation, the silos were opened, and the fermentation profile and chemical composition of the silage were analysed. The results showed that the addition of Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass to the sorghum silage increased the pH, buffering capacity and NH3-NT of the silage and reduced its dry matter content but did not affect its fermentation characteristics, which remained within an appropriate range. The addition of increasing levels of Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass to the sorghum silage increased the crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the silage and decreased the fibre fraction (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin) and ether extract contents. Adding tropical forages to sorghum silage material at levels above 40% is recommended. Among forage crops, addition of Paiaguas palisadegrass to sorghum silage resulted in higher content of crude protein and IVDMD. Mixed silages can be an effective alternative to improve the quality of forage sorghum silage.

WATER DEFICIENCY RESISTANCE STUDY ON SOYA AND BEAN CULTIVARS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nemeskéri
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Small Root

In a three-year model experiment the water deficiency resistance and the quality of yield were investigated in the case of soybean and bean cultivars of determined growth. The plants were grown under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, modelling the conditions of drought. The soybean cultivars used a considerably higher amount of water before reaching the green pod maturity stage than the bean cultivars. Their water use under water stress decreased considerably (46%), in contrast with beans, where this decrease was only 18–21%. This correlates with the vegetation period of the varieties, their water use in certain vegetation periods and the development of their roots. The roots of beans determine the size of the yield and that of water circulation but only affects the formation of pods in a few varieties. The roots of soybean cultivars affect the size of yield and the quality of seeds as well. This is especially important in organic matter circulation under water-deficient conditions. If the roots are small, the dry matter and oil contents increase more intensively in the seed, but this has no effect on the protein content of the seeds. The small root mass and small specific leaf area (SLA) of the early soybean cultivar McCall and the Hungold variety of beans decreased yield losses under water deficiency conditions, in contrast with the mid-late maturing soybean variety Evans, where this was not experienced.

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