scholarly journals Chronic Pain and Mood Disorders in Asian Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Huang ◽  
Indraneil Bardhan ◽  
Joosun Shin ◽  
Jordan F. Karp ◽  
Mijung Park
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Vietnamese Americans ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

Purpose: Pain and mood disorder frequently coexist. Yet, for Asian Americans (AAs), scant information about pain and mood disorder is available. Our aims were to compare (1) the rates of pain and mood disorders and (2) the magnitude of associations between pain and mood disorders between AAs and European Americans (EAs), and across different Asian subgroups. Methods: An analytical data was constructed from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies (CPES), a representative sample of community-residing U.S. adults (n = 9,871). Pain morbidity was assessed by self-report. Mood disorders, including major depression and anxiety disorders, were assessed using the diagnostic interview. Analysis included descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression modeling. All analyses were weighted to approximate the U.S. populations, and controlled for sociodemographic and immigration characteristics. Results: Greater proportion of EAs, compared to AAs, endorsed lifetime pain (56.8% vs. 35.8%). Having life pain disorders elevated the likelihood of lifetime mood disorder by more than 2-folds (weight adjusted odds ratio (WAOR): 2.12, 95% CI: 1.77, 2.55). Having pain disorders over the past 12 months elevated the likelihood of mood disorder in the same time period by more than 3-folds (WAOR: 3.29, 95% CI: 2.02, 5.37) among AAs. The magnitude of the association between pain and psychiatric morbidity were greater in Vietnamese Americans compared to other AAs and EAs. Discussion: The conventional belief that rates of pain and mood disorders are greater in AAs than EAs may need to be further examined. Vietnamese Americans may be particularly vulnerable for experience of comorbid pain and mood disorders.

scholarly journals Mood Disorders in Late Life: A Population-based Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences in Community-dwelling Older Adults in Ontario: Troubles de l’humeur en âge avancé : Une analyse dans la population de la prévalence, des facteurs de risque et des conséquences chez des adultes âgés vivant en milieu communautaire en Ontario

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-640
Author(s):  
Rachel Strauss ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
Richard H. Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Objective: Mental health issues in late life are a growing public health challenge as the population aged 65 and older rapidly increases worldwide. An updated understanding of the causes of mood disorders and their consequences in late life could guide interventions for this underrecognized and undertreated problem. We undertook a population-based analysis to quantify the prevalence of mood disorders in late life in Ontario, Canada, and to identify potential risk factors and consequences. Method: Individuals aged 65 or older participating in 4 cycles of a nationally representative survey were included. Self-report of a diagnosed mood disorder was used as the outcome measure. Using linked administrative data, we quantified associations between mood disorder and potential risk factors such as demographic/socioeconomic factors, substance use, and comorbidity. We also determined associations between mood disorders and 5-year outcomes including health service utilization and mortality. Results: The prevalence of mood disorders was 6.1% (4.9% among males, 7.1% among females). Statistically significant associations with mood disorders included younger age, female sex, food insecurity, chronic opioid use, smoking, and morbidity. Individuals with mood disorders had increased odds of all consequences examined, including placement in long-term care (adjusted odds ratio [OR] =2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71 to 3.02) and death (adjusted OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.63). Conclusions: Mood disorders in late life were strongly correlated with demographic and social/behavioral factors, health care use, institutionalization, and mortality. Understanding these relationships provides a basis for potential interventions to reduce the occurrence of mood disorders in late life and their consequences.

scholarly journals Association between depression, anxiety and weight change in young adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhe W. Sahle ◽  
Monique Breslin ◽  
Kristy Sanderson ◽  
George Patton ◽  
Terence Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Baseline Bmi

Abstract Background To investigate whether there are bi-directional associations between anxiety and mood disorders and body mass index (BMI) in a cohort of young adults. Methods We analysed data from the 2004–2006 (baseline) and 2009–2011 (follow-up) waves of the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study. Lifetime DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Potential mediators were individually added to the base models to assess their potential role as a mediator of the associations. Results In males, presence of mood disorder history at baseline was positively associated with BMI gain (β = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.14–1.40), but baseline BMI was not associated with subsequent risk of mood disorder. Further adjustment for covariates, including dietary pattern, physical activity, and smoking reduced the coefficient (β) to 0.70 (95% CI: 0.01–1.39), suggesting that the increase in BMI was partly mediated by these factors. In females, presence of mood disorder history at baseline was not associated with subsequent weight gain, however, BMI at baseline was associated with higher risk of episode of mood disorder (RR per kg/m2: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08), which was strengthened (RR per kg/m2 = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00–1.15) after additional adjustment in the full model. There was no significant association between anxiety and change in BMI and vice-versa. Conclusion The results do not suggest bidirectional associations between anxiety and mood disorders, and change in BMI. Interventions promoting healthy lifestyle could contribute to reducing increase in BMI associated with mood disorder in males, and excess risk of mood disorder associated with BMI in females.

Mood disorders

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Chronic Instability ◽  
Low Mood

Variations in mood are part of normal experience; we all have our ‘good’ and ‘bad’ days and different ways of managing these. Sadness is a natural re­sponse to loss, adversity, stress, or other negative life experiences and is not necessarily abnormal. The main difference between normal sadness and a mood disorder is that normal sadness is usually a temporary state strongly relating to the person’s current situation, whereas mood disorder is a more persistent pervasive change in mood which affects social and occupational functioning. Primary mood (or ‘affective’) disorders are very common, and are also seen in most other psychiatric disorders or co-morbid to a physical illness. The distribution of mood variation in the general population is probably continuous, producing a spec­trum of severity (see Fig. 21.1). As with all psychiatric disorders, classification is descriptive and based on clinical characteristics. The most useful current approach to classification is based on the clinical course. Fundamental elements of this approach include: … ● classifying an illness as a single episode, recurrent, or persistent; ● distinguishing between people who have only low mood (unipolar depression) and those who also have elated mood (bipolar disorder); ● classifying episodes of illness according to severity: depressive episodes are mild, moderate, or severe; elated mood is hypomanic or manic (Table 21.1). … The classification includes two categories for less severe and more chronic illnesses: … ● Dysthymia: chronic mildly low mood which lasts at least several years but does not meet criteria for a recurrent depressive disorder. ● Cyclothymia: chronic instability of mood with periods of mild depressive and elation, none of which are severe enough to meet criteria for bipolar disorder or recurrent depressive disorder. It is often seen in relatives of those who have bipolar disorder, and some patients may eventually meet criteria for bipolar disorder themselves. The prevalence of mood disorders is hard to accurately ascertain, as many patients with low mood do not seek professional help. This is especially common in men. However, data from research studies (which tend to use structured diagnostic criteria) and large national sur­veys (self- report) give very similar results, outlined in Table 21.2. Bipolar disorder epidemiology is well cap­tured, as patients tend to seek help and the diagnostic criteria are well defined.

scholarly journals An eating pattern characterised by skipped or delayed breakfast is associated with mood disorders among an Australian adult cohort

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Wilson ◽  
L. Blizzard ◽  
S. L. Gall ◽  
C. G. Magnussen ◽  
W. H. Oddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Time Points

AbstractBackgroundMeal timing may influence food choices, neurobiology and psychological states. Our exploratory study examined if time-of-day eating patterns were associated with mood disorders among adults.MethodsDuring 2004–2006 (age 26–36 years) and 2009–2011 (follow-up, age 31–41 years), N = 1304 participants reported 24-h food and beverage intake. Time-of-day eating patterns were derived by principal components analysis. At follow-up, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview measured lifetime mood disorder. Log binomial and adjacent categories log-link regression were used to examine bidirectional associations between eating patterns and mood disorder. Covariates included sex, age, marital status, social support, education, work schedule, body mass index and smoking.ResultsThree patterns were derived at each time-point: Grazing (intake spread across the day), Traditional (highest intakes reflected breakfast, lunch and dinner), and Late (skipped/delayed breakfast with higher evening intakes). Compared to those in the lowest third of the respective pattern at baseline and follow-up, during the 5-year follow-up, those in the highest third of the Late pattern at both time-points had a higher prevalence of mood disorder [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–3.48], and those in the highest third of the Traditional pattern at both time-points had a lower prevalence of first onset mood disorder (PR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.11–0.87). Participants who experienced a mood disorder during follow-up had a 1.07 higher relative risk of being in a higher Late pattern score category at follow-up than those without mood disorder (95% CI 1.00–1.14).ConclusionsNon-traditional eating patterns, particularly skipped or delayed breakfast, may be associated with mood disorders.

Too Much to Bear

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Peak ◽  
James C. Overholser ◽  
Josephine Ridley ◽  
Abby Braden ◽  
Lauren Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Scale Method

Abstract. Background: People who feel they have become a burden on others may become susceptible to suicidal ideation. When people no longer feel capable or productive, they may assume that friends and family members would be better off without them. Aim: The present study was designed to assess preliminary psychometric properties of a new measure, the Perceived Burdensomeness (PBS) Scale. Method: Depressed psychiatric patients (N = 173) were recruited from a veterans affairs medical center. Patients were assessed with a structured diagnostic interview and self-report measures assessing perceived burdensomeness, depression severity, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. Results: The present study supported preliminary evidence of reliability and concurrent validity of the PBS. Additionally, perceived burdensomeness was significantly associated with higher levels of hopelessness and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: It is hoped that with the aid of the PBS clinicians may be able to intervene more specifically in the treatment of suicidality.

Childhood trauma moderates morphometric associations between orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala: implications for pathological personality traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Rickie Miglin ◽  
Jeffrey M. Spielberg ◽  
Curtis L. Johnson ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Abstract Background Research has demonstrated that chronic stress exposure early in development can lead to detrimental alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)–amygdala circuit. However, the majority of this research uses functional neuroimaging methods, and thus the extent to which childhood trauma corresponds to morphometric alterations in this limbic-cortical network has not yet been investigated. This study had two primary objectives: (i) to test whether anatomical associations between OFC–amygdala differed between adults as a function of exposure to chronic childhood assaultive trauma and (ii) to test how these environment-by-neurobiological effects relate to pathological personality traits. Methods Participants were 137 ethnically diverse adults (48.1% female) recruited from the community who completed a clinical diagnostic interview, a self-report measure of pathological personality traits, and anatomical MRI scans. Results Findings revealed that childhood trauma moderated bilateral OFC–amygdala volumetric associations. Specifically, adults with childhood trauma exposure showed a positive association between medial OFC volume and amygdalar volume, whereas adults with no childhood exposure showed the negative OFC–amygdala structural association observed in prior research with healthy samples. Examination of the translational relevance of trauma-related alterations in OFC–amygdala volumetric associations for disordered personality traits revealed that trauma exposure moderated the association of OFC volume with antagonistic and disinhibited phenotypes, traits characteristic of Cluster B personality disorders. Conclusions The OFC–amygdala circuit is a potential anatomical pathway through which early traumatic experiences perpetuate emotional dysregulation into adulthood and confer risk for personality pathology. Results provide novel evidence of divergent neuroanatomical pathways to similar personality phenotypes depending on early trauma exposure.

scholarly journals Specificity of psychopathology across levels of severity: a transdiagnostic network analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin N. Groen ◽  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
Johanna T. W. Wigman ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Symptom Domains ◽  
Network Strength ◽  
Standardized Diagnostic Interview

AbstractA prominent hypothesis within the field of psychiatry is that the manifestation of psychopathology changes from non-specific to specific as illness severity increases. Using a transdiagnostic network approach, we investigated this hypothesis in four independent groups with increasing psychopathology severity. We investigated whether symptom domains became more interrelated and formed more clusters as illness severity increased, using empirical tests for two network characteristics: global network strength and modularity-based community detection. Four severity groups, ranging from subthreshold psychopathology to having received a diagnosis and treatment, were derived with a standardized diagnostic interview conducted at age 18.5 (n = 1933; TRAILS cohort). Symptom domains were assessed using the Adult Self Report (ASR). Pairwise comparisons of the symptom networks across groups showed no difference in global network strength between severity groups. Similar number and type of communities detected in the four groups exceeded the more minor differences across groups. Common clusters consisted of domains associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and combined depression and anxiety domains. Based on the strength of symptom domain associations and symptom clustering using a network approach, we found no support for the hypothesis that the manifestation of psychopathology along the severity continuum changes from non-specific to specific.

Postpartum psychiatric illness in Arab culture: Prevalence and psychosocial correlates

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ghubash ◽  
M. T. Abou-Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Industrialised Countries

BackgroundThere have been numerous studies of the prevalence of postpartum depression and its putative risk factors in Western Europe and North America, but very few studies in developing countries including the Arab world.MethodNinety-five women admitted to the New Dubai Hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, for childbirth were studied. All subjects were assessed in the postpartum period using clinical and socio-cultural instruments: the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ) at day 2, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at day 7, and the Present State Examination (PSE) at week 8 ± 2 and week 30 ± 2 after delivery.ResultsThe prevalence rate of psychiatric morbidity was 24.5% by the SRQ, 17.8% by the EPDS, and 15.8% by the PSE. A number of psychosocial factors emerged as putative risk factors for postpartum depression.ConclusionsThe prevalence rates of postpartum psychiatric morbidity and its risk factors in this Arab culture are similar to the results obtained in numerous previous studies in industrialised countries. These findings have implications for the early detection and care of women at risk for postpartum depression.

Obtaining a Family Psychiatric History: Is it Worth the Effort?

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Remick ◽  
Adele D. Sadovnick ◽  
Boris Gimbarzevsky ◽  
Raymond W. Lam ◽  
Athanasios P. Zis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generated Family ◽  
Index Cases

The purpose of this study was to determine whether, for first-degree relatives of patients presenting to a mood disorders clinic, family history information on psychiatric conditions collected by a psychiatrist and incorporated into the patient's medical records is as informative as that gathered during an interview specifically designed to collect family history data. The study group consisted of 472 first-degree relatives of 78 randomly selected index cases from a large mood disorders genetic database. Family history of psychiatric disorders recorded in regular psychiatric medical records (“clinician history”), and data obtained by a genetic counsellor administering specific family psychiatric history questionnaires to patients and multiple family informants (“family history”) were compared using a kappa statistic. Good agreement between the two methods on the presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder was found among first-degree relatives of index cases, but poor agreement was found with respect to the presence or absence of a specific mood disorder diagnosis(es) in a relative. The results suggest that a clinician-generated family psychiatric history is sensitive to the presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder when compared to a more structured detailed genetic interview. However, for research purposes, a clinician-generated family psychiatric history of a specific mood disorder diagnosis, without supporting collateral information, may not be reliable for use in supporting a mood disorder diagnosis in a patient and/or his relatives.

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