scholarly journals Changes in the cellular composition of guinea pig’s distal airways epithelium in the dynamics of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
S.S. Popko
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
Epithelium Cells

The problem of studying the processes of restructuring of airways epithelium of humans and animals of adaptive nature under the influence of various factors on the body remains the subject of scientific discussions. The aim of this work is to study morphometric changes in the cellular composition guinea pig’s distal airways epithelium in the dynamics of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. We studied lung of 48 male guinea pigs, using histological, morphometric and statistical methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by subcutaneous sensitization and subsequent intranasal inhalation with ovalbumin. The average number of epithelial cells of small bronchi and terminal bronchioles was determined: basal epithelium cells, ciliated cells, goblet cells and exocrine bronchiolar cells per unit area of 10000 μm2. We have shown the most significant reactive morphometric changes on the 23rd and 30th days of the experiment. We demonstrated a decrease of the number of basal cells (by 1.5 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.01) and ciliated cells (by 1.6 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.001) and an elevation of the average number of goblet cells (by 2.6 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.01) in bronchioles, a decrease of the average number of exocrine bronchiolar cells (by 1.6 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.01) in terminal bronchioles. These changes are the morphological confirmation of the development of bronchial hyperreactivity as a result of the action of the allergen. Sensitization and allergization with ovalbumin cause statistically significant morphological changes in the cellular composition of small bronchi and terminal bronchioles of an alterative nature in the early period and adaptive – in the late period of allergic inflammation, corresponding to the main morphological manifestations of allergic inflammation.

Localization of Peroxidase Activity in Tracheal Epithelium

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Tracheal Ring ◽  
Tracheal Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Cytochemical Demonstration ◽  
Apical Vesicles ◽  
Intermediate Cells

The activity of endogenous peroxidase was demonstrated in light ciliated cells, mature goblet cells, and nonciliated serous cells, but not in basal cells, intermediate cells, dark ciliated cells or immature goblet cells of the upper tracheal epithelium of rats, using the diaminobenzidine method for cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase activity. The peroxidase activity was the most intense in the epithelium of the first tracheal ring and gradually diminished at lower tracheal levels, becoming extremely faint in the vicinity of the middle of the trachea. The activity was localized in cisternae of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) including the nuclear envelope, some vesicles and saccules of the Golgi complex, secretory granules, and small apical vesicles. It is believed that the basal cells were transformed into the intermediate cells, and some of the intermediate cells were turned into the ciliated cells, while other intermediate cells were differentiated into the goblet cells. The dark ciliated cells proved to be the immature ciliated cells immediately after the transformation from the intermediate cells. In these cells, peroxidase is not yet produced.

Effects of Bacterial Toxins on Air-Exposed Cultured Human Respiratory Sinus Epithelium

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja J. Nell ◽  
Jan J. Grote
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Bacterial Toxins ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Sinus Mucosa

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the bacterial toxins lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on air-exposed cultured human respiratory sinus epithelium. The morphological changes, proliferation, and differentiation of sphenoid sinus mucosa were examined after incubation with different LPS or LTA concentrations. Air-exposed cultured sinus mucosa differentiated from pseudostratified respiratory epithelium to squamous ciliated epithelium with few goblet cells. High concentrations of bacterial toxins induced a significant increase in mucus production and a decrease in ciliated cells. Ki67 immunostaining showed an increased cell proliferation after incubation with moderate levels of LPS or LTA. High concentrations of bacterial toxins, on the other hand, induced a decreased proliferation. Involucrin expression was clearly altered by incubation with high levels of bacterial toxins, indicating an increased degree of terminal differentiation. These results indicate that the bacterial toxins LPS and LTA both induce comparable dose-dependent morphological changes in sinus epithelium.

scholarly journals Morphological features of histogenic differon cells in connective tissue of guinea pigs’ lungs after sensitization with ovalbumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
S. S. Popko ◽  
V. M. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Experimental Sensitization ◽  
Pulmonary Connective Tissue

An urgent issue of modern morphology is establishing a number of patterns of morphological changes and reactivity of connective tissue components of lungs in case of experimental sensitization with allergens. The aim is to estimate morphological features of histogenic differon cells in connective tissue of guinea pigs’ lungs after sensitization with ovalbumin. Materials and methods. Using morphometric and histological method, we have estimated the lung connective tissue of 48 male guinea pigs with experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by subcutaneous sensitization and aeroallergization with ovalbumin. The number of fibrocytes, fibroblasts per 5000 μm2 and their ratio – fibroblast/fibrocyte coefficient were determined. Results. We have established the regularity of morphological changes dynamics in the cellular elements of pulmonary connective tissue. Experimental sensitization and inhalated allergization with ovalbumin leads to a statistically significant increase in the average number of fibroblasts and fibrocytes throughout the observation period in all experimental groups. It has been proved that the dynamics of cells has a multidirectional character, demonstrated by indicators of the fibroblast/fibrocyte coefficient, which shows the disproportion in the fibroblast/fibrocyte ratio and proves the tendency to the development of fibrosis in guinea pigs’ pulmonary connective tissue in case of experimental sensitization with ovalbumin. Conclusions. A gradual increase in the number of fibrocytes, against the background of a decrease in the number of fibroblasts is observed from the 23rd day to the completion of experimental sensitization with ovalbumin in the lungs of guinea pigs, compared with control group. A decrease of fibroblast/fibrocyte coefficient from 1.37 ± 0.03 in the early period to 0.82 ± 0.03 in the late period of the allergic inflammation demonstrates multidirectional nature of the dynamics in the number of connective tissue cells and indicates a tendency towards the development of fibrosis in pulmonary connective tissue.

scholarly journals Dynamics of quantitative changes of diffuse lymphoid tissue cells of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
S.S. Popko ◽  
V.M. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. There is a progressive increase of respiratory allergic diseases nowadays in the world, made it necessary to study the participation of the components of the immune system in these processes. From the point of view of modern aspects about the organs of the immune system, interesting are the patterns of morphogenesis and function of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, occupied a special place in the immunological protection of the body due to the large area of contact with various antigens. Morphogenesis and reactive changes in the local immunity in respiratory system in conditions of allergic inflammation remain urgent issue of modern morphology. Objective. To study the changes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. Methods. We have studied the lung of 48 guinea pigs, using histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, assessed the average number of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells in the diffuse lymphoid tissue. Results. The average number of lymphocytes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs increased from the 23rd day of observation and remained at a high level until the end of the experiment, the maximum was during the early period of the development of allergic inflammation, the increasing coefficient was 4.7. The average number of plasma cells also acquired maximum elevation in the early period of allergic process, the increasing coefficient was 2.0. The most significant average number of macrophages was on the 23rd day of observation with same increasing coefficient. Among all types of immunocompetent cells of diffuse lymphoid tissue in bronchi and lungs, T-lymphocytes prevailed during the experiment elevated almost by 5 times. Conclusions. In the early period of development of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, the specific resistance of the respiratory system manifests itself in the form of activation of local links of cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, as evidenced by the dynamics of changes in the average number of lymphocytes (the maximum increasing coefficient 4.7 in the 1st experimental group), macrophages and plasma cells (maximum increasing coefficient 2.0 in the 1st experimental group) of diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs.

Pathology of the eustachian tube in otitis media: an electron microscopic study

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Elwany
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
The Relationship

The ultrastructure of the mucosa of the eustachian tube was studied in four temporal bones showing tympanosclerosis, cholesteatoma, otitic meningitis and a grafted tympanic membrane (tympanoplasty). The mucosa of tube was abnormal in the four cases confirming the relationship between the state of the eustachian tube and the inflammatory process in the middle ear. The observed abnormalities included: ciliary loss, abnormal ciliary morphology and motility, oedema of the microvilli, hyperplasia of the goblet cells and the seromucinous acini, desquamation of the non-ciliated cells and appearance of mast cells in the lamina propria of the tube. Ciliary changes were the most frequent abnormalities and the morphological changes, in general, were fewest in the case of healed tympanoplasty. The pathophysiology of the morphological changes was discussed and correlated with the disease in the middle ear.

scholarly journals Morphfological changes in the membranes of the trachea of guinea pigs in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways.

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
M.V. Aksamytieva ◽  
S.S. Popko ◽  
V.M. Evtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Chicken Egg

Background. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of allergic diseases of the respiratory organs, especially in children. The predictor of the further development of bronchial asthma is sensitizing at an early age to the allergens of chicken egg. The use of new knowledge about the allergenic components of the chicken egg will predict the risks and clinical features of the disease. Despite the importance, the problem of morphogenesis of allergic inflammation of the wall of the trachea is not sufficiently studied, so far many issues are not found in morphology and require further research. Objective.The aim of the study is to establish morphological changes in the tracheal membranes in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways of guinea pigs. Methods. The thickness of tracheal wall of 48 male guinea pigs was investigated by histological, morphometric, statistical methods on the twenty-third, thirty-sixth, thirty-sixth and forty-fourth days after the initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways. Results. We have found, that maximum statistically significant thickening is shown in the late period of tracheal mucosa in 2 times on the 44th day of observation and tracheal submucosa in the 3rd experimental group on the 36th day of observation (increasing coefficient 2) compared to the control. However, the thinning of tracheal submucosa is observed in the early period of the inflammatory process on the 23rd and 30th day of observation. It has been proved, that the allergic inflammation of the tissues of the trachea caused by the sensitization and allergization of ovalbumin leads to the change in the thickness of layers of trachea in the chronobiological aspect. Conclusion. On the 23rd and 30th days of the experiment, thinning of tracheal mucosais observed due to damage of epithelial cells. Thickening of tracheal mucosa and submucosa was found in the third and fourth groups of observation (late period of allergic inflammation) compared with animals of the intact group and the control group due to an increase in the area of loose connective tissue, which is a consequence of the continuation of the allergic inflammatory process in the trachea after the end of the experiment.

Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Wiktor Djaczenko ◽  
Carmen Calenda Cimmino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

Formulation, Design and Development of Niosome Based Topical Gel for Skin Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Formulation Design ◽  
Topical Gel

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer in which mostly damaged unpaired DNA starts mutating abnormally and staged an unprecedented proliferation of epithelial skin to form a malignant tumor. In epidemics of skin, pigment-forming melanocytes of basal cells start depleting and form uneven black or brown moles. Melanoma can further spread all over the body parts and could become hard to detect. In USA Melanoma kills an estimated 10,130 people annually. This challenge can be succumbed by using the certain anti-cancer drug. In this study design, cyclophosphamide were used as a model drug. But it has own limitation like mild to moderate use may cause severe cytopenia, hemorrhagic cystitis, neutropenia, alopecia and GI disturbance. This is a promising challenge, which is caused due to the increasing in plasma drug concentration above therapeutic level and due to no rate limiting steps involved in formulation design. In this study, we tried to modify drug release up to threefold and extended the release of drug by preparing and designing niosome based topical gel. In the presence of Dichloromethane, Span60 and cholesterol, the initial niosomes were prepared using vacuum evaporator. The optimum percentage drug entrapment efficacy, zeta potential, particle size was found to be 72.16%, 6.19mV, 1.67µm.Prepared niosomes were further characterized using TEM analyzer. The optimum batch of niosomes was selected and incorporated into topical gel preparation. Cold inversion method and Poloxamer -188 and HPMC as core polymers, were used to prepare cyclophosphamide niosome based topical gel. The formula was designed using Design expert 7.0.0 software and Box-Behnken Design model was selected. Almost all the evaluation parameters were studied and reported. The MTT shows good % cell growth inhibition by prepared niosome based gel against of A375 cell line. The drug release was extended up to 20th hours. Further as per ICH Q1A (R2), guideline 6 month stability studies were performed. The results were satisfactory and indicating a good formulation approach design was achieved for Melanoma treatment.

Clinical, morphological and biochemical signs of polymycotoxicosis in highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Irina A. Shkuratova ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila I. Drozdova ◽  
Aleksander I. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Mycotoxicological monitoring of forages shows that the problem of mycotoxicosis has been relevant for several decades. Minimal doses of mycotoxins in feed lead to a decrease in milk productivity, increased sensitivity to infectious and non-infectious diseases. When several mycotoxins enter the body simultaneously, a synergistic effect develops, causing a significant increase in toxicity. Feed contaminated with several types of fungi and their toxins is dangerous for dairy cattle. It was found that the feed mixture contained the types of associations of Aspergillus spp. fungi + Fusarium; Aspergillus spp. + Penicillium spp. + Mucor spp; Fusarium + Penicillium; Mucor spp. + Fusarium + Ustilaginales. Pathogenetic features of metabolic and morphological changes in highly productive cows with polymycotoxicosis were studied. Feeding food contaminated with various metabolites of mold fungi leads to the development of signs of chronic toxemia in animals. Clinical manifestations are the development of diarrhea and dehydration, with a decrease in milk productivity. Metabolic disorders feature the development of an inflammatory process, metabolic acidosis, hyperfermentonemia, with an increase in the amount of creatinine and urea in the blood serum. Metabolic signs indicate the development of hepatorenal syndrome due to structural disorders of the liver and kidneys. Histological signs of polymicotoxicosis are intracapillary and hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis, hepatocyte micronecrosis, and proliferation of connective tissue stroma cells, which leads to the development of atrophic cirrhosis in the interstitial and circular phases.

Comparative assessment of morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural liver homeostasis in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride on the body

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
M. S. Bugaeva ◽  
O. I. Bondarev ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Level ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Homeostasis ◽  
Rock Dust

Introduction. The impact on the body of such factors of the production environment as coal-rock dust and fluorine compounds leads to certain shift s in strict indicators of homeostasis at the system level. Maintaining the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body is provided by the functional consistency of all organs and systems, the leading of which is the liver. Organ repair plays a crucial role in restoring the structure of genetic material and maintaining normal cell viability. When this mechanism is damaged, the compensatory capabilities of the organ are disrupted, homeostasis is disrupted at the cellular and organizational levels, and the development of the main pathological processes is noted.The aim of the study is to compare the morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of the impact on the body of coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on adult white male laboratory rats. Features of morphological mechanisms for maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride were studied on experimental models of pneumoconiosis and fluoride intoxication. For histological examination in experimental animals, liver sampling was performed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks of the experiment.Results. The specificity of morphological changes in the liver depending on the harmful production factor was revealed. It is shown that chronic exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride is characterized by the development of similar morphological changes in the liver and its vessels from the predominance of the initial compensatory-adaptive to pronounced violations of the stromal and parenchymal components. Long-term inhalation of coal-rock dust at 1–3 weeks of seeding triggers adaptive mechanisms in the liver in the form of increased functional activity of cells, formation of double-core hepatocytes, activation of immunocompetent cells and endotheliocytes, ensuring the preservation of the parenchyma and the general morphostructure of the organ until the 12th week of the experiment. Exposure to sodium fluoride leads to early disruption of liver compensatory mechanisms and the development of dystrophic changes in the parenchyma with the formation of necrosis foci as early as the 6th week of the experiment.Conclusions. The study of mechanisms for compensating the liver structure in conditions of long-term exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride, as well as processes that indicate their failure, and the timing of their occurrence, is of theoretical and practical importance for developing recommendations for the timely prevention and correction of pathological conditions developing in employees of the aluminum and coal industry.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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