Use of Coral-Derived Aggregates for Construction of Low-Volume Roads

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Bullen
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Specification Tests ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Road Base ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Pavement Engineering ◽  
Pavement Construction

Many tropical island and coastal regions suffer from a paucity of recognized engineering aggregates. In these regions river gravel and old uplifted coral reef formations are often the only economically viable materials. Typically, the coral-derived material most widely available for use is termed coronous material, a land-based uplifted coral reef that may contain an abundance of plastic fines and that is usually easily excavated without the use of explosives. The shortage of traditional aggregates and the availability of the upraised reefs have promoted the study of the use of coral-derived aggregate as an alternative aggregate in pavement engineering works. Although coral-derived materials have been successfully used for pavement construction in the past, traditional engineering tests have generally indicated that it is a substandard product, and material from most pits does not pass typical specification tests. The material properties and the historical use of coronous materials in road construction are summarized, and a draft guide for the use of coronous materials in the road base and subbase for both sealed and unsealed road pavements is provided.

Nature and Effects of Low-Volume Roads in Botswana

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bizzar B. Madzikigwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
The Road ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Sand And Gravel

The road sector in Botswana continues to develop its road network throughout the country at a tremendous rate. When Botswana gained independence in 1966, it had only 10 km (16 mi) of bitumen road. By 1992 the total length of bituminous surfaced road reached 3500 km (2,175 mi) out of a total road network of 18 000 km (11,285 mi). These statistics clearly show that the majority of roads are not yet surfaced; these are low-volume roads that provide access to the rural areas where most of the country’s population is found, though in low density. In spite of the rapid improvement in the quality of the national road network in recent years, much remains to be done. In the early 1970s and early 1980s the rural roads unit was introduced in the Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, which was charged with the responsibility of design and construction of low-volume roads around the country in a bid to integrate the country’s road network. This unit was later disbanded in the 1990s, and all roads are improved through the conventional procurement system using private contractors. For these roads the justification of a surfacing project based on conventional economic return methods does not apply, and worse still, the road improvements have to compete with other amenities for the same limited resources. Three ministries in Botswana are responsible for roads: Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, Ministry of Local Government, and Ministry of Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism. These ministries have different responsibilities for different roads within the country, and earth, sand, and gravel roads are found under the jurisdiction of each of the ministries. The major drawbacks concerning low-volume roads in Botswana are inadequate maintenance, poor road construction materials, and the environmental impacts of the roads. Since the budget and resources are inadequate to keep these roads in good condition, it would be prudent to find technological means that would improve the locally available road construction materials so as to minimize their effects on the environment and vehicle operating costs.

APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ASPHALT BINDER: A CONSPECTUS AND OVERVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Nur Aifa Wan Azahar ◽  
Mastura Bujang ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Mohd. Rosli Hainin ◽  
Md. Maniruzzaman A. Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Pavement Engineering ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Pavement Construction

Nowadays, the nanotechnology is widely applied in pavement engineering in order to improve the properties of materials and their performance. Nanotechnology can be considered as the measurement on nanometer scale that affects the material used in pavement due to its unique characteristic. Therefore, this new technology might indirectly solve the current pavement construction problems. The application of nanotechnology in enhancing the performance of fresh bitumen in term of the longevity and durability has been proven by a lot of previous studies and researches. Literatures have been reviewed and summarized critically to give an overview about the role of nanotechnology in improving pavement material properties. There are some concerns in the application of nanotechnology that needs to be addressed regarding to the safeties of these nano-materials in term of human health.

scholarly journals Compaction Procedures and Associated Environmental Impacts Analysis for Application of Steel Slag in Road Base Layer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4396
Author(s):  
Bo Gao ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Yingxue Zou ◽  
Fusong Wang ◽  
Xiaojun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Vibration Period ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Base ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Pavement Construction

In recent years, recycling steel slag is receiving growing interest in the road base layer construction field due to its role in alleviating land occupation and resource shortages. However, the mixture compaction and its environmental impact on practical construction sites remain unclear, which may hinder the application of steel slags in road layers. This study investigates the pavement construction of the ‘Baotou-Maoming’ motorway, located in Inner Mongolia, China, analyzing the compaction procedures and assessing the environmental impacts caused by the road base layer containing steel slag. Firstly, mechanical properties and texture appearances of the steel slag aggregates are characterized. Afterwards, the comparative assessments for steel slag and andesite layers compaction are quantified from equivalent CO2 emission and energy consumption aspects, respectively. The results show that the steel slag has a better surface texture than the natural aggregates; physical properties including compactness, flatness and compressive strength comply with the requirements for applying steel slag to a hydraulically bound mixture. Compared to the base layer using andesite aggregates, the compaction vibration period of the course containing steel slags should be reduced to achieve a proper density due to the “hard-to-hard” effect that occurs between the adjacent steel slag particles. Consequently, the additional energy and the equivalent CO2 are generated at 2.67 MJ/m3 and 0.20 kg/m3, respectively.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROTHERMAL GEOTECHNOLOGY OF SOIL TRANSFORMATION IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
V. N. Efimenko ◽  
Yu. M. Charykov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Pavement Engineering

The paper presents of research results on the development of the raw material base due to the use of clay soils widespread in the territory of Russia. The structure and properties of soils are processed by the nonconventional electrothermal technology. The flow chart is proposed for the rock material production. The data on energy consumption is suggested herein for the use of artificial rock materials in the road pavement engineering.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Biaya Dan Waktu Terhadap Perencanaan Jalan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Bina Marga 1987 Dengan Berbagai Tebal Indek Perkerasan (Studi Kasus : Pada Ruas Jalan Puruk Cahu - Km 50 - Batas Kota Muara Teweh Kabupaten Barito Utara)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Erlin Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
The Road ◽  
Class B ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Pavement Thickness

Pavement planning is good, because in this way the pavement construction is able to carry the load of vehicles passing on it and spread the load to the layers beneath it, including the subgrade, without causing significant damage to the road construction itself. The purpose of this study is to obtain the most efficient alternative pavement thickness index and to obtain the required cost and time. The results showed that the Pavement Thickness Index (ITP) using the Bina Marga Method = 7.48 and the 1993 AASHTO Method = 10.20 had a difference of 2.72. The difference in Pavement Thickness Index (ITP) resulted in the addition of pavement thickness using the 1993 AASHTO Method. The economical Pavement Thickness Index (ITP) was the ITP Bina Marga Method with a construction cost of Rp 12.7 billion, with savings of Rp 3.8 billion. By determining the pavement thickness at the same base layer = 20 cm, it is found that the type of material is Aggregate Class B, CBR is 80% cheaper than cement + CTRB with savings of Rp 913,991,544, - ~ 1 billion. The time required in implementing the Bina Marga Method is more efficient than the 1993 AASHTO Method with a savings of 44 days, this is due to cement work + CTRB = 15 + 29 = 44 days. While Aggregate Class B, CBR 80% only takes 22 days, thus saving 22 is also due to the larger ITP of the 1993 AASHTO Method so that it requires additional thickness of the base layer under Aggregate Class C, CBR 30% of 22 cm thus increasing the duration of the implementation time by 24 days

scholarly journals Characterization of Hot Bituminous-Asphalt Mixtures with Recycled Polyurethane Foam

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
S. Gutiérrez-González ◽  
V. Calderón ◽  
A. Rodríguez ◽  
J. Gadea ◽  
C. Junco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
The Road ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Polyurethane Waste ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Marshall Stability

Introduction:The use of polymer wastes in pavement as road is an increasing trend in the road construction sector. Those new pavements reduce the amount of solid waste disposed into landfills and provide more sustainable construction due to the use of in-situ materials. Polyurethane foam waste is a thermostable polymer being used in the form of a grey-coloured foam, a by-product of the automobile industry.Aim:The focus of this work centers on the exploitation of polyurethane foam waste in full or partial substitution of the fines and the mineral powder that form the bituminous mixtures to produce a sustainable alternative for bituminous asphalt used in pavement construction.Methods:A series of specimens were manufactured and tested for the Marshall test, with different percentages of polyurethane foam waste aggregates (50% and 100%), calculating their apparent densities.Results:The results show acceptable compatibility between the elements of bituminous concrete and the polyurethane waste, producing a reduction in both the apparent density and Marshall stability, as well as an increase in volume and an increase in deformation with higher volumes of waste in the mixture.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF USING NATURAL RUBBER IN THE MODIFICATION OF BITUMEN AND ASPHALT MIXTURES USED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulnaser Al-Sabaeei ◽  
Nur Izzi Md. Yussof ◽  
Madzlan Napiah ◽  
Muslich Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Pavement Engineering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Near Future

A comprehensive review using natural rubber in the modification of bitumen used for road construction is presented in this paper. The sources, types and properties of natural rubber are discussed briefly. The methods used by researchers to add natural rubber as a modifier for bitumen are also discussed. A literature review of the effects of natural rubber on the physical, mechanical and rheological properties of bitumen and the performance of asphalt mixtures over the past three decades is presented along with the cost analysis of using natural rubber as a modifier in comparison to using other polymers. Researchers in the field of the highway and pavement engineering need to find a method to deal with the most common pavement distress by using local additives such as natural rubber. It is expected that a special, cost effective and long lasting natural rubber modified flexible for road pavements, which is also fatigue and rut resistant, will be developed in the near future. This will reduce the amount of expenses required for the annual maintenance of asphalt mixtures around the world.

scholarly journals RPAS BASED TRACKING OF MACHINERY USED IN ASPHALT PAVING PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B1-2021 ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
G. Staub ◽  
H. Montecino ◽  
J. E. Díaz ◽  
M. Pradena ◽  
S. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Remotely Piloted Aircraft ◽  
Asphalt Paving ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract. Application of rigorous construction procedures is fundamental when it comes to road construction. Nowadays, and in particular in Chile, the asphalt paving construction process is based on tradition, craftsmanship and other implicit, experience-based methods employed during road construction. This means, that the different stages of the construction process, including the paving of the road, are not controlled on time as they should, which causes that the final product does not have the ideal characteristics for which the construction materials initially were designed and manufactured. Therefore, we propose the use of tools and methodologies that allow monitoring each of the stages of the construction process in almost real-time. Our approach aims to evaluate the use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) during the asphalt pavement construction process by capturing images and videos during the placement of the asphalt mixture and the movement of the compaction machinery (pneumatic roller and drum roller) present in the construction site. The observations are digitally processed by mainly binarization and thresholding. As a result, the macro texture of the asphalt surface was estimated and the trajectory of the compaction rollers was visualized. In conclusion, our results reveal that the main factor that influences the quality of the roads corresponds to the performance and operations of the compaction machinery.

scholarly journals Analisa Deformasi pada Campuran Aspal Beton Menggunakan Derbo dan Wetfix

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Asma Massara ◽  
Winarno Arifin ◽  
Andi Alifuddin ◽  
Muhammad Fahrul Ramadhan ◽  
Muhammad Taufiq
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Temperature Water

Padadasarnya jalan akan mengalami penurunan fungsi strukturalnya sesuai dengan bertambahnya umur. Jalan Raya saat ini mengalami kerusakan dalam waktu yang relatif sangat pendek (keruskan dini) baik jalan yang baru dibangun maupun jalan yang baru diperbaiki. (Fadhilah,2012). Banyak hal yang menyebabkan kerusakan pada konstruksi jalan, anatara lain akibat pengaruh beban lalu lintas kendaraan yang berlebihan (over loading), temperatur, air (genangan), dan konstruksi perkerasan yang kurang memenuhi persyaratan teknis. Faktor lain seperti perencanaan, pengawasan, pelaksanaan dan lingkungan juga memberikan konstribusi pada kerusakan jalan.Deformasi pada perkerasan jalan lentur, yang biasa disebut (rutting dan geser), Alur biasanya terdiri dari lendutan memanjang yang terjadi pada jalur roda kendaraan, merupakan akumulasi dalam jumlah kecil terjadi deformasi disebabkan oleh adanya peningkatan beban. Kerusakan bisa berkembang lebih parah karena permukaan jalan tidak kedap air lagi sehingga air bisa melemahkan ikatan antara batuan dan aspalBahan tambah Derbo dan Wetfix dapat memperhambat laju deformasi pada campurn aspal beton.Basically, the road will experience a decrease in its structural function in accordance with increasing age. Roads are currently experiencing damage in a relatively very short time (early roll out) both newly built roads and newly repaired roads. (Fadhilah, 2012). Many things cause damage to road construction, among others due to the influence of excessive vehicle traffic loads (over loading), temperature, water (inundation), and pavement construction that does not meet technical requirements. Other factors such as planning, supervision, implementation, and the environment also contribute to road damage. Information on flexible pavement, commonly referred to as (rutting and sliding), Grooves usually consist of longitudinal deflections that occur in the lanes of vehicle wheels, constituting small amounts of accumulation deformation occurs due to an increase in load. Damage can develop more severely because the road surface is not waterproof anymore so water can weaken the bond between rocks and asphalt Derbo and Wetfix added materials can slow down the rate of deformation in the concrete asphalt mix

scholarly journals COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF INNOVATIVE MATERIALS WHILE THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD BASE STRENGTHENED LAYERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
E. A. Bedrin ◽  
E. A. Bedrina
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
The Road ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Pavement Construction

Introduction. The introduction of innovative technologies and materials in road construction is difficult due to a number of constraints, the solution of which is an urgent task of the construction industry. The competitive advantages of innovative materials (polymer-mineral composition “Nicoflok”) relative to traditional ones are considered on the example of the soil strengthening technology. The results of the research show the inconsistency of the regulatory and legal framework of the road sector in terms of the innovative technologies (materials) application. Such results suggest quickly update, refining both the characteristics of materials and methods for assessing the usage effectiveness. Thus, it is possible to increase the reliability of decisions made on the repair and construction of roads, and, as a consequence, increase their service.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the course of construction (repair) work on the pilot road sections, as well as after a year of their operation. The authors used the regulatory documents and standard test methods for determining the physic, mechanical and deformation characteristics of soils and materials reinforced by the Nicoflok. Taking into account the obtained characteristics of the materials, the authors calculated an equal strength pavement structure using a licensed software product. According to the developed design options, the estimated cost of pavement construction was also calculated.Results. The results of the research allow authors to conclude that the physic and mechanical characteristics of the reinforced material are improved. At the same time, the competitive ability for the additive usage also increases.Discussion and conclusions. The paper shows the inconsistency of the regulatory and legal framework in the road sector in terms of the application of innovative technologies (materials). Moreover, the authors suggest the need to quickly update, clarifying both the characteristics of materials and methods for evaluating the usage effectiveness.

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