scholarly journals Living in Rural Areas of Peninsular Malaysia: Risk Factor for Goitre

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahar MA ◽  
Omar AM ◽  
AB Wahab N ◽  
Sukor N ◽  
Kamaruddin NA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
The Past

Introduction: Thyroid disorders are among common medical conditions encountered in clinical practice. However, the disease burden among Malaysian population has not been established. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of goitre and its associated factors among adult population in Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 5 pre-assigned regions in Peninsular Malaysia. Participants’ sociodemographic profile and medical history were recorded. Physical examinations were done looking for abnormalities of the thyroid gland and signs of thyroid dysfunctions. The diagnosis of goitre was made by palpation and corroborated by the repeat examination by another investigator. The World Health Organization (WHO) goitre grading system was used. Fifteen millilitre of blood were withdrawn and analysed at a central laboratory. Results: Among 2190 respondents, the prevalence of goitre was 9.3%. Goitre was associated with positive anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Females were at higher risk of goitre (adjusted OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.6–3.5; p<0.001). The other risk factors of goitre were Indian ethnicity (adjusted OR=2.0; 95%CI 1.2–3.3; p=0.006), positive anti-thyroperoxidase (adjusted OR=1.8; 95% CI 1.1-3.1; p=0.024) and living in rural area (adjusted OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.5; p=0.002). These areas had been shown to suffer from some degree of iodine insufficiency in the past. Conclusions: The prevalence of goitre in Peninsular Malaysia was comparable with other studies. The main predictors of thyroid disorders are female gender and thyroid antibodies. Living in rural areas was associated with goitre. ><0.001). The other risk factors of goitre were Indian ethnicity (adjusted OR=2.0; 95%CI 1.2–3.3; p=0.006), positive anti-thyroperoxidase (adjusted OR=1.8; 95% CI 1.1-3.1; p=0.024) and living in rural area (adjusted OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.5; p=0.002). These areas had been shown to suffer from some degree of iodine insufficiency in the past. Conclusions: The prevalence of goitre in Peninsular Malaysia was comparable with other studies. The main predictors of thyroid disorders are female gender and thyroid antibodies. Living in rural areas was associated with goitre.

Elder Abuse and Neglect in China: Prevalence, Co-occurrence, and Intergenerational Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098550
Author(s):  
Mengtong Chen ◽  
Ko Ling Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Elder Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

The prevalence and patterns of elder abuse and neglect in China have been understudied. The objectives of this study were to examine the chronicity and prevalence of different patterns of elder abuse, and the influence of individual and contextual risk factors. We used data from a sample of 7,466 adults randomly recruited from six regions in China. The participants responded to a questionnaire about their demographic characteristics, childhood abuse experiences, and instances of abuse and neglect against their elderly parents. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of elder abuse and neglect with individual and contextual factors. The results showed that one in 10 participants reported that their elderly parents had experienced abuse or neglect in the past year. The elder victims were reported to have suffered different types of abuse and neglect on multiple occasions, ranging from 3.6 to 11.82 times on average. More than 5% of participants reported that their elderly parents had suffered two or more types of abuse and neglect in the past year, accounting for 40% of the elderly victims. The co-occurrence of elder abuse within elderly couples was also high. Reports of abuse and neglect of elderly parents were related to low socioeconomic status, living in rural areas, and the experience of childhood abuse of the participants. This study supports the model of intergenerational transmission of violence in the Chinese population. The high prevalence, chronicity, and co-occurrence of elder abuse and neglect underline the importance of screening for risk factors, and have implications for preventive practice and policy.

scholarly journals Stroke prevalence among the Turkish population in a rural area of Istanbul: A community-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211879756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülkü Türk Börü ◽  
Ahmet Şükrü Kulualp ◽  
Ömer Faruk Tarhan ◽  
Cem Bölük ◽  
Arda Duman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Background: The population-based information on the prevalence of stroke from rural areas of Middle East countries including Turkey is unknown. Our aim is to evaluate the prevalence of stroke in those ⩾18 years in the Turkish population in a rural area of Istanbul. Methods: A cross-sectional door-to-door study was conducted in a rural area of Istanbul between 1 March and 30 March 2013. A research protocol recommended by World Health Organization for developing countries was used. Each screening teams consisted of one neurologist, one local nurse, and five surveyors. Teams were trained about the survey and questionnaire. The patients, who claimed to have suffered a stroke, were examined, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a neurologist on site. The findings and medical records were documented. Results: In total, 2906 people ⩾18 years were screened. 50 stroke cases were detected. 80% of those were found to have had an ischemic stroke, 14% of those were hemorrhagic cases, and 6% of those had an unclassified stroke type. The overall prevalence rate in those ⩾ 18 years was 1.7%. The male/female ratio was 0.92. Young (<45) stroke prevalence was found to be 0.6%. Conclusion: This study was the first of its kind to show the stroke prevalence among Turkish population ⩾ 18 years in a rural area of Istanbul. When compared to other studies which investigate people ⩾45 years from Turkey, the result (in the same age group) was moderate high. The male/female ratio was low compared to many other studies.

Risk Factors Related to Binge Drinking

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Suk Chung ◽  
Kyoung Hwa Joung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior

The characteristics of and risk factors associated with binge drinking among South Korean and American adolescents were identified in this study. Data on adolescents in the 9th to 12th grades were extracted from two nationwide data sets: the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey System and the U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. Binge drinking was observed among 16% of American adolescents during the past month and among 11.6% of Korean adolescents during the past year. For adolescents from both countries, the following seven similar significant factors were associated with binge drinking: female gender, higher grade, fighting-related injury experience, current cigarette smoking, preteen smoking initiation, participation in team sports, and depression. Among Korean adolescents, higher or lower level of academic achievement and inadequate sleep were additional unique factors associated with binge drinking. These results could be useful for developing interventions for adolescents engaging in binge drinking in both countries.

scholarly journals SURGICAL DISEASE IN RURAL AREA;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 801-807
Author(s):  
Farhan Rathore ◽  
Usman Riaz ◽  
Faizan Riaz ◽  
Altaf Hussain Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surgical Disease ◽  
Gallbladder Stones

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of surgical disease in rural areas ofPakistan. Place and Duration: All the surgical cases registered in Foundation Hospital RajanaDistrict Toba Tek Singh in 2012-2013. Methods: The whole data is analyzed by SSPS andcompared with the other studies of Pakistan and world. Results and Conclusion: Male andfemale are equal in number in Total 7788 cases excluding non-surgical cases between 1 dayto above 70 years age. Majority of the cases were between 21-50 years age group. Commoncause was Trauma, commonest disease was L.B.A and commonest operation was for Herniaand Gallbladder stones.

Tingkat Penggunaan E-Commerce pada Remaja di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Lana Ciarna Artheswara ◽  
Asri Sulistiawati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adolescent Behaviour ◽  
The World ◽  
Application Access ◽  
Depth Interviews

Pesatnya perkembangan E-Commerce di beberapa tahun belakang, menjadikan E-Commerce sebagai prospek bisnis besar dalam dunia perdagangan. Tren penggunaan E-Commerce ini melanda dunia remaja, dibuktikan dengan adanya survey OTX dan The Intelligence Group yang dilakukan terhadap remaja berusia 13-17 tahun, hampir 6 dari setiap 10 remaja pernah membeli produk dan jasa lewat internet. Hasil survey ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku remaja dalam berbelanja di E-Commerce telah berkembang dan menjadi gaya hidup remaja perkotaan. Namun, akses internet di Indonesia saat ini dapat dijangkau hingga ke daerah pedesaan, maka dari itu saat ini E-Commerce dapat diakses oleh semua orang tanpa adanya batasan geografis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua lokasi yang berbeda yaitu di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor. Hal ini untuk membandingkan hasil data dari kedua lokasi tersebut. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat penggunaan E-Commerce yang dilihat dari frekuensi penggunaan aplikasi, durasi akses aplikasi, dan banyaknya aplikasi E-Commerce pada gawai yang dimiliki oleh remaja Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan didukung dengan data kualitatif. Data kuantitatif didapat melalui kuesioner dan data kualitatif didapatkan dari wawancara mendalam. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan dalam hal penggunaan E-Commerce oleh remaja yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan dan di Kota Bogor. Perbedaan nampak dalam hal durasi akses dan tingkat kepemilikan aplikasi E-Commerce.Kata Kunci : E-Commerce, ICT, Internet, Remaja=====ABSTRACTThe development of Electronic-Commerce (E-Commerce) in the past few years has made E-Commerce as a big business prospect in the world of commerce. The trend of E-Commerce is coming to adolescent’s world, there’s evidenced by the OTX survey and The Intelligence Group conducted on adolescents aged 13-17 years, the survey said that 6 out of every 10 teenagers have bought products and services online. The results of this survey indicate that adolescent behaviour in shopping in E-Commerce has developed and become a lifestyle of urban youth. While internet access in Indonesia can be reached up to rural areas, it means E-Commerce can be accessed by everyone without geographical restrictions. This research was conducted in two different locations, on Urban and Rural Area in Bogor to compare the results of data from the two locations. This paper aims to determine differences in the level of E-Commerce usage, and the indicator to measure it is the frequency of application usage, the duration of application access, and the number of E-Commerce applications on devices. This research uses a quantitative approach and is supported by qualitative data. Quantitative data obtained through questionnaires and for qualitative data obtained from in-depth interviews. The results of this study is the duration of access and the amount of E-Commerce has significant differences between the adolescent who lived in Urban and Rural Area of Bogor.Keywords : E-Commerce, ICT, Internet, Teenagers

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of HIV Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3424
Author(s):  
Malebogo Solomon ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori ◽  
Kinley Wangdi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Botswana has the third highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence globally, and the severity of the epidemic within the country varies considerably between the districts. This study aimed to identify clusters of HIV and associated factors among adults in Botswana. Data from the Botswana Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Impact Survey IV (BIAS IV), a nationally representative household-based survey, were used for this study. Multivariable logistic regression and Kulldorf’s scan statistics were used to identify the risk factors and HIV clusters. Socio-demographic characteristics were compared within and outside the clusters. HIV prevalence among the study participants was 25.1% (95% CI 23.3–26.4). HIV infection was significantly higher among the female gender, those older than 24 years and those reporting the use of condoms, while tertiary education had a protective effect. Two significant HIV clusters were identified, one located between Selibe-Phikwe and Francistown and another in the Central Mahalapye district. Clusters had higher levels of unemployment, less people with tertiary education and more people residing in rural areas compared to regions outside the clusters. Our study identified high-risk populations and regions with a high burden of HIV infection in Botswana. This calls for focused innovative and cost-effective HIV interventions on these vulnerable populations and regions to curb the HIV epidemic in Botswana.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Poverty Estimates in India: A Study Across Caste, Class and Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110514
Author(s):  
Krishna Ram ◽  
Shivani Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Impact

The impact of COVID-19 on poverty estimates is humongous. The economic tumult caused by the pandemic over the past two years has the potential to double the nation’s poverty, erasing the decade-long gains from the fight against poverty and inequality. Our calculations show that around 150–199 million additional people will fall under poverty in 2021–2022; a majority of which are from rural areas, owing to the immiserate nature of the rural economy. Further disaggregation reveals that the SC/ST, casual labour and the self-employed are the most impacted groups. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Odisha are the most affected states facing poverty ranging from 50% to 80% in the rural area and 40% to 70% in the urban area. Our analysis also identifies the rippling effect of poverty on the inter-group disparities in India.

scholarly journals Comparative study to determine self-medication practice and pattern in urban and rural areas of Etawah district

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Nishant Singh ◽  
Naresh Pal Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Jain ◽  
Vaibhav Singh ◽  
Shailendra Chaurasiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: According to William Osler, a great feature which distinguishes man from animals is the desire to take medicine. Self-medication is an age old practice. According to World Health Organization guidelines “self-medication is defined as use of medicinal products by the individuals to treat self-recognized disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continuous use of a medication prescribed by a physician for chronic or recurring diseases or symptoms.Methods: It was a cross sectional study, which was conducted among residents of urban and rural areas of Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh by using 40×5 cluster sampling. The data was collected by using pre designed, semi-structured questionnaire. Proforma included socio- demographic profile, practice of self- medication and pattern of self-medication.Results: Most of the participants who indulged in self-medication in urban areas 69.5% and rural areas 65% belong to the age group 20-39 years. Majority of the participants (51.0%) in urban areas belonged to the nuclear family while most of the participants (50%) belonged to joint family followed by nuclear family (40%) in rural areas. most common reason for self-medication in urban area was the availability of old prescription which is present in 30.0% (60) of subjects but in rural area most common reason for self-medication was high fee of doctor which was 29.0% (58).Conclusions: Most common age group indulged in self-medication was 20-39 years. Most common reason for self-medication was availability of old prescription at home while in rural area, high fees of doctor was the common reason for self-medication.

scholarly journals An etnographic study of elementary education in the rural area of Dompu county, the province of West Nusa Tenggara

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurrahmah Nurrahmah ◽  
Zamroni Zamroni ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Service ◽  
The People ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Upper Level

The study aims to describe: (1) public service for elementary education in rural areas; (2) the meaning of education and the implementation of elementary education in the people of rural areas; and (3) the life and meaning of poverty for people of rural areas. The study was etnographic research. The subjects were the providers and users of educational service. The research concludes that: (1) educational service in rural areas has not been coordinated and integrated both vertically and horizontally, so that the service elements have not been maximum in providing educational service; (2) the implementation of education is influenced by the surrounding environments (policy, community, and nature) so that its condition or the problems emerging in the lower level is a reflection of that in the upper level. People in rural areas regard education as a symbol of profession and self-actualization within the children’s selves in order that the children would show respect to their parents, would not destroy the nature, have noble characteristics and be smart persons for their own sake in the future; (3) physically people in rural areas might be described as a community that lacks facilities including transportation, highway systems, water, electricity, and market for trading the harvest. On the other hand, mentally, people in rural areas might be described as a community that is fond of having aids, enjoys the final products, is lazy and dependent on the nature. People in rural areas regard their poverty based on physical indicators (the possession of luxurious goods, rice fields, livestock, income, and housings) and non-physical indicators (the dependency on the nature and absence of education).

Research Tool for Estimating the Tourism Quality for Sustainable Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Arion ◽  
Iulia Muresan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourism Services

This paper presents the design of an instrument for estimating the quality of tourism services in rural areas. For the purpose of this research the tourism services providers and tourist from Tarnava Mare Area were investigated. Both of the groups were asked to estimate the quality of the accommodation facilities and the quality of the tourist destination from their own point of view. The research method involved the use of two instruments: SERVQUAL and QUALITEST. The results of this research consist in two questionnaires, one address to the guesthouse owners, while the other is addressed to the visitors of the rural area.

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