scholarly journals ترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الملايوية: نظرة عامة في التاريخ والخصائص والأساليب (Translating the Holy Koran into the Malay Language: A General Overview on The History, Characteristics and Styles)

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
أكمل خزيري عبد الرحمن (Akmal Khuzairy Abd. Rahman)
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
General Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Language Characteristics ◽  
Language Styles ◽  
The Stability

ملخص البحث:   تحاول هذه الدراسة تحديد الملامح العامة لترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الملايوية من خلال تاريخ نشأتها وتطورها، وتركز على خصائص تلك الترجمات والأساليب اللغوية التي أثرت في اللغة الهدف نتيجة الترجمة. لقد ترجم القرآن الكريم اللغة الملايوية منذ القرن السابع الميلادي ومرت بمراحل تنوعت وتغيرت فيها أساليب المترجمين، وطرقهم في التعامل مع القرآن الكريم، ورغم هذه التطورات التي طرأت على أساليب اللغة الهدف فقد لوحظ بأن هؤلاء المترجمين اشتركوا في بعض المبادئ التي تخص بكيفية تعاملهم بالنص القرآني، ولمثل هذه الدراسة أهمية لوضع الملاحظات العامة بشأن ترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى إحدى لغات المسلمين. وجدت الدراسة بعض النتائج المهمة في مجال الترجمة إلى الملايوية، وهي كما يأتي: الاستفادة من التاريخ والخصائص والأساليب لترجمات القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الملايوية، وأن وجود مراحل متعددة في ترجمات كاملة باللغة الملايوية دليل ساطع على استمرارية تواصل مسلمي المنطقة وتعاملهم مع القرآن الكريم الذي نزل بلغة قريش (العربية الفصحى أو الفصيحة)، وأن اعتمادهم على الترجمات لم يهدف إلى تبديل النص القرآني بما لديهم من الترجمات، وأنها لا يمكن أن تكون بدائل للأصل لديمومة تطور اللغة الملايوية التي في حد ذاتها تذهب بعنصري الثبات والإقرار من تلك الترجمات الملاوية، أن المترجمين للقرآن الكريم إلى الملايوية التزموا بالترجمة التي تميل إلى النص الأصل، وتمسكوا بجعل ترجماتهم في خدمة معاني القرآن الكريم.الكلمات المفتاحية: ترجمة القرآن الكريم– اللغة الملايوية– الخصائص الأسلوبية– مبادئ الترجمة– أساليب ملايوية جديدة. Abstract:This study attempts to determine the general characteristics of the translation of the holy Koran into Malay language through its history and development. It focuses on the characteristics of those translations and language styles that influenced the target language as well. The holy Koran had been translated since the seventeenth century and went through the periods of time that witnessed the change in the styles of the translators and their approaches in dealing with its verses. Notwithstanding these developments that were brought upon the target language, the translators did share some common grounds in dealing with the sacredness of the holy Koran. The study is important as it tries to come up with general observations on how the holy Koran was translated in one of the biggest language of the Muslims. It concludes that the various stages of translation indicated the continuity of the efforts to translate the holy Koran and the Muslims interaction with the holy revelation in this part of the world. Their dependence on the translation is not with the purpose of substituting the original as these translations will never be able to replace the original due the constant development of the target language that deny the stability of language style. Finally the translations were carried out under the shade of the original text and with the source text orientation. Keywords: Translation of the Holy Koran– Malay Language– Characteristics of Styles– Principles of Translation– New Malay Language Styles. Abstrak:Kajian ini berusaha untuk menentukan sifat-sifat umum bagi proses penterjemahan al-Quran kepada bahasa Melayu iaitu dengan menumpukan kepada sejarah perkembangannya. Kajian ini turut memfokuskan kepada ciri-ciri penterjemahan tersebut dan penggunaan gaya bahasa yang mempengaruhi bahasa sasaran. Hakikatnya, al-Quran telah diterjemah ke dalam bahasa Melayu sejak kurun ketujuh. Proses penterjemahan ini telah melalui beberapa peringkat yang menyaksikan perubahan pada penggunaan gaya bahasa dan pendekatan para penterjemah dalam menterjemahkan al-Quran. Namun demikian, para penterjemah berkongsi pandangan yang sama dalam menggunakan prinsip-prinsip berkaitan dengan penterjemahan al-Quran. Kajian ini penting kerana menonjolkan pemerhatian umum tentang bagaimana ayat-ayat al-Quran diterjemahkan ke dalam salah satu bahasa yang digunakan secara meluas oleh orang Islam. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa proses penterjemahan yang telah melalui pelbagai peringkat menunjukkan kesinambungan usaha dalam menterjemahkan al-Quran dan wujud interaksi antara orang Islam dan al-Quran. Kebergantungan mereka dalam proses penterjemahan bukan bertujuan untuk menukar maksud yang terkandung dalam ayat-ayat al-Quran, bahkan hasil terjemahan tidak akan sekali-kali boleh menggantikan keaslian ayat al-Quran yang bersifat kekal dan tetap. Justeru, para penterjemah dilihat lebih memelihara bahasa asal, namun dalam masa yang sama masih menjaga maksud yang terkandung dalam ayat al-Quran supaya kesucian al-Quran terpelihara.Kata Kunci: Penterjemahan Ayat-ayat al-Quran- Bahasa Melayu- Ciri-ciri Gaya Bahasa- Prinsip Penterjemahan- Gaya Bahasa Melayu yang Baru.          

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
The Self ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
English Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
To Come ◽  
Considerable Body

Ushering the reader into both the world of early modern radical religion and the considerable body of scholarly literature devoted to its study, the introduction offers a précis of what is to come and a backward glance to explain how the proposed journey contributes to ongoing scholarly conversations. After orienting readers to the basic methodological boundaries within which the book will operate and briefly situating the book within the wider historiography, the introduction adumbrates the shape of the work as a whole and encapsulates its central argument. The introduction contends that the mid-seventeenth-century men and women often described as “Particular Baptists” would not have readily understood themselves as such. This tension between the self-identity of the early modern actors and the identity imposed upon them by future scholars has significant implications for how we understand both radical religion during the English Revolution and the period more broadly.

Reading Rushdie in Translation: Midnight's Children, Postcolonial Writing/Translation, and Literatures of the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-355
Author(s):  
Adelheid Rundholz ◽  
Mustafa Kirca
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effect ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The World ◽  
Midnight's Children ◽  
Target Languages

This article examines translations of Salman Rushdie's second novel, Midnight's Children, into French, German, Italian, and Turkish. Specific examples reveal that while all translators maintain a foreignizing stance toward the source text, their respective target languages and cultures make foreignizing a relative effect, dependent on the target language and target culture's distance from or proximity to the source text/culture. The article also argues that Rushdie's novel fits the notion of literatures of the world, because the translations replicate and also refract the source text in different contexts, thus effectively multiplying a single source novel to become plural in its multiple (language) worlds.

Rabbi Hayyim of Volozhin's Non-Messianic Vision of the Present and Future

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-57
Author(s):  
Harvey Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Stability

AbstractRecent studies have characterized R. Hayyim of Volozhin (1749–1821) as actively preparing for the messianic redemption. Contrary to this, I maintain that R. Hayyim was concerned with the immediate potential of the world in the context of historical time (divre ha-yamim), rather than with a world-to-come, in the context of messianic time (aharit ha-yamim). To R. Hayyim, the existence of the cosmos and the stability of a dynamic life-giving universe are fraught with contingency because of the interdependent organic naturality shared by man and world. This contingency is constant, placing man's conduct as the central determinant of the world's future. R. Hayyim's theory and practice attest to a concern for the immanent and transcendent aspects of this world and for the meanings of our everyday experienced relationship to its variegated pragmata.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL PARADIGM OF SEMANTIC AND STYLISTIC INVERSION IN THE ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATED TEXT OF J. BARNES NOVEL “A HISTORY OF THE WORLD IN 10 ½ CHAPTERS”

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orest Tolochko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Source Text ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Belles Lettres

Topicality of the problem raised in this article is determined by insufficient representation of J. Barnes’ creative phenomenon, in particular his prose translation studies analysis, in the Ukrainian philological science. Complex nature of the postmodern belles-lettres discourse elucidation has been conditioned by its intertextuality and genre heterogeneity of its text parts. Non-linear narration together with the intricate combination of discourse samples belonging to various genres and styles in the text framework. Thus, the realistic illusion is made by means of its consideration from the psycholinguistic point. The latter concerns conceptual opposition emphasis as well the separate units stressing. An illusion is also made of the discourse parts reference to different psycho-emotional dominants; the latter generates the text versatility interpretations. In the analyzed work of fiction inversion (in combination with other stylistic means) performs semantic (plot-forming) and stylistic (expressive and pragmatic) functions. Inverted word order with an emphatic do is used for the subject elements emphasis; the negative inverted statements intend to intensify certain semantic components stressing in micro- and macrocontextual structure; inverted sentences with an introductory there were applied to emphasize and describe the depicted world picture components as the personages’ psycho-emotional state indicators. The final analyzed sample provides a vivid example of the above. The emotive colouring has been achieved by actualizing expressive means belonging to different language levels; especially frequent is the use rhetoric questions and statements. The key feature of the translated text has been focused on rendering the functional and stylistic parameters of the source text into the target language. The compensatory means applied in the target text comprise inherent and adherent expressive elements of different language levels, punctuating marks intending to convey the belles-lettres text melodic sounding, and lexical units belonging to various registers.

scholarly journals Cognitive-discursive models of translation

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
I. V. Boiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific

Models are central in many scientific contexts. The purpose of the article is to systematise and theoretically substantiate cognitive-discursive models of translation in the theory and practice of translation studies. The research methods were general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, observation and abstraction. In the perspective of cognitive modelling of translation, the creation of cognitive-discursive models of translation was preceded by cognitive-heuristic (A. H. Mynchenkov), cognitive-psychological (R. Bell), social-cognitive (D. Kiraly), and cognitive-pragmatic (E.-A. Gutt) models of translation. Thus, the development of the cognitive-discursive paradigm has given impetus to cognitive-discursive models of translation, the main advantage of which is the desire of their authors to take into account not only the text in the analysis of translation but also the mental activity of the translator and the reader while interpreting this text. Cognitive-discursive models of translation (T. P. Andriienko, L. Gopo, H. V. Taschenko) primarily focuse on the translator's cognitive sphere and the author's, translator's and reader's interpretation of reality embedded in the text, which results in paying attention to the bilingual picture of the translator's world. Translation in this focus appears as a reworking of someone else's „mental content”, which traditionally consists of interpretation (analysis of the original text), projecting a conceptual image of the source text on the picture of the world of the language of translation and implementation (creation of the text of translation).

ON THE ISSUE OF TRANSLATING AN ESSAY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (31) ◽  
pp. 264-277
Author(s):  
Svitlana Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rhetorical Questions

The choice of an essay as the object of analysis presents significant difficulties for the researcher, since even the definition of the genre in the theory of literature is still not set; there is no integral concept of the genre, the views of literary scholars on essays are extremely contradictory. Unlike existing theoretical and practical studies on various literary genres, the essay seems to be an insufficiently studied object of analysis in the linguistic and translation perspectives, which determines the relevance of the paper. The objective of the study is to determine the features of the translation of a publicist essay on the example of the translation of the literary work of I. Brodsky “Reflection on a Spawn of Hell” from Russian into English. To achieve this objective, the following tasks are to be solved: 1) to identify the main stylistic features of the essay by I. Brodsky; 2) to determine the specifics of its translation into English. The dominant function of the essay is the influencing one. It is implemented by referring to the emotional-figurative way of the addressee’s perception of the world. The stylistic features of I. Brodsky’s publicist essay, characterizing it as a resource of stylistic expressiveness, fully agree with the influencing function of the type of the text under study: syntactic constructions with inverted word order, rhetorical questions, quotations, complex sentences with a number of homogeneous members, elliptical constructions, gradation, stylistically coloured vocabulary, a combination of stylistically reduced and colloquial vocabulary aimed at achieving maximum expressiveness. The translator renders the stylistic features of the source text by selecting functional analogues in the target language. Difficulties arise when reproducing the cultural realities of the original linguistic culture. The appellative type of the text, which an essay is, requires significant linguocultural adaptation of the realities of the source language to the socio-cultural background of the target language. The translation under study tends to reproduce only the outer shell of definite lexemes and phrases, which are bearers of factual information and have a significant pragmatic potential in the original text. Despite the complexity and cultural richness of the text itself, with its specific words and conceptual system, the translator does not fully pragmatically adapt the significant elements of the source text, which affects the adequacy of its translation. In our opinion, translation errors prevent reproduction of the author’s communicative intentions in full. We consider the prospects for further developments in the expansion of research materials in order to obtain general conclusions regarding the peculiarities of the translation of an essay as a genre and the specifics of rendering the individual author’s style in translation.

The Manufactured Millennium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Cotton Mather ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Come ◽  
Spatial Specificity

The Puritans reconceptualized the millennium—their vision of peace in the world to come. As a religiously inspired end-of-the-world scenario, most political and legal historians see the millennium as the product of Christian universalism, whose exclusionary and apocalyptic nature the law of nations was designed to overcome. Looking closely at its changing profile among late seventeenth-century Puritans, we find that the millennium developed in parallel with and was informed by the cosmopolis that stood geopolitically and hermeneutically at the center of the law of nations. Once described in abstract terms lacking spatial specificity, the reorganized geopolitical millennium appears in three book-length sermons by Cotton Mather and includes a variety of jurisdictions in what the West had considered newly discovered territories, such as the New World colonies, as well as newly appreciated old territories, such as the Ottoman Empire, giving it many of the attributes of a cosmopolis itself.

„Mērnieku laiki” un vienradža smadzenes: gastrotulkojuma samērojums

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Mārtiņš Laizāns
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this article, a fragment from the novel “Mērnieku laiki” (‘The Times of the Land Surveyors’, 1879) by Reinis and Matīss Kaudzīte has been compared with its translations in several languages. The chosen fragment contentwise is saturated with elements of gastronomic cornucopia, and most of these and the accompanying phenomena of the imagined honorary feast can be considered utopian in their nature. In addition, the content of the fragment has been dressed in an utterly Rabelaisian language and poetics, and the tone of the fragment is comical as well, – enumeration crammed with hyperboles containing several language layers, which, in turn, serve as evidence about the ideas of the average Latvian peasant about the world beyond the borders of his parish in the middle of the 19th century. It is important to juxtapose this fragment with its translations as the translation of food and drink is not only a problem of literature, but the daily praxis in this regard produces a lot of intercultural misunderstandings. This comparison allows us to see the challenges and difficulties the translators had to encounter. It also allows to make observations about the solutions the translators had to come up with, and the possible effect produced on the target language audience – to what extent it has been successful and to what degree the atmosphere and language portrayed in the fragment by Kaudzītes is adaptable to other cultural spaces. In the article, the translation history of “Mērnieku laiki” has been described, the connections between the comical and gastropoetics in literature and literary studies, as well as the research literature on the translation of these aspects. In the article, the compared texts are the original by Kaudzītes and seven translations – two German, two Russian, two Lithuanian, and one Estonian translation.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF RENDERING STYLISTIC CONVERSION (ON THE BASIS OF L. TOLSTOY’S “ANNA KARENINA” AND ITS TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH)

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Елена Викторовна Иванова ◽  
Екатерина Владимировна Оботнина ◽  
Марина Юрьевна Евпак
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Anna Karenina ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Effective Translation

Введение. Проанализированы способы передачи стилистической конвергенции при переводе с русского языка на английский. Явление конвергенции стилистических приемов недостаточно подробно изучено ни стилистикой с точки зрения ее языковой реализации, ни переводоведением в плане передачи в переводе всего объема семантической, стилистической и прагматической информации, транслируемой автором с использованием указанного феномена. В научных исследованиях нередко рассматривается проблема передачи того или иного стилистического приема, но не их совокупности, что, несомненно, усложняет работу переводчика. Постановка такой проблемы в рамках данного исследования необходима для определения наиболее эффективной переводческой стратегии передачи конвергенции стилистических приемов в тексте перевода. Цель статьи – выявить и проанализировать способы передачи конвергенции стилистических приемов с языка-источника на язык перевода в плане сохранения ее прагматической функции. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужил роман Л. Толстого «Анна Каренина» и его перевод на английский язык, выполненный Маргарет Ветлин и опубликованный изданием Progress Publishers в 1978 г. Объектом исследования является конвергенция стилистических приемов, предметом – способы ее передачи с русского языка на английский. В работе нашли применение общенаучные и лингвистические методы исследования, в том числе описательный и сравнительно-сопоставительный. Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлено, что полное сохранение конвергенции в переводе встречается редко в силу лексических и структурных особенностей двух языков. Из 70 выявленных единиц текста 24 % составляют те, в которых стилистическая конвергенция была полностью сохранена при переводе. Передача стилистической конвергенции методом замещения или добавления некоторых ее элементов при переводе также встречается довольно редко (12 и 17 % соответственно). Наиболее частотным является способ передачи стилистической конвергенции с опущением при переводе тех или иных стилистических приемов оригинала (47 %). Что касается прагматических функций стилистической конвергенции, то они, в большинстве своем, сохраняются при переводе, при этом усиливая или, наоборот, ослабляя стилистический эффект текста оригинала. Заключение. В работе дан краткий обзор истории изучения явления стилистической конвергенции и приведены основные определения данного феномена. В ходе анализа материала исследования рассмотрены стилистические приемы, формирующие стилистическую конвергенцию в художественном тексте, проведен сопоставительный анализ текстовых единиц с применением конвергенции стилистических приемов в тексте оригинала и тексте перевода, выявлены наиболее частотные способы передачи стилистической конвергенции с русского языка на английский. Кроме того, проанализированы прагматические функции стилистической конвергенции и рассмотрены возможности их сохранения при переводе. Introduction. This article carries out the analysis of the ways the stylistic convergence is rendered from Russian into English. The phenomenon of convergence has been thoroughly studied neither by the stylistics as far as its speech implementation is concerned, nor by the theory of translation taking into account all the semantic, stylistic and pragmatic information expressed by the author by means of convergence that needs to be rendered in translation. Quite often, scientific research studies the problem of transferring a particular stylistic device rather than their converged group which obviously complicates the translator’s work. The problem thus stated is aimed at revealing the most effective translation strategy for rendering the stylistic convergence in the target text. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to single out and analyze the ways the convergence of stylistic means is rendered from the source language into the target language maintaining its pragmatic function. Material and methods. The material for the study is the novel “Anna Karenina“ by L. Tolstoy and its translation in English by Margaret Wettlin published by Progress Publishers in 1978. The object of the research is convergence of stylistic means, the subject is the ways of its transference from Russian into English. The basis of the methodology lies in the scientific and linguistic methods including the descriptive and comparative ones. Results and discussion. The research has shown that the complete transference of the convergence is rather rare due to the lexical and structural peculiarities of the two languages. Having analyzed 70 text units we have come to the conclusion that 24 % of them are those in which the stylistic convergence is preserved in the target text. The stylistic convergence is rendered by substituting or adding some of its components in 12 % and 17 % of units respectively. The most frequent (47 %) are the cases when some of the converged stylistic means of the source text are omitted in translation. As for the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence, they are in most cases retained in the target text enhancing or, on the contrary, weakening the stylistic effect of the original text. Conclusion. The article gives a short historical overview of studying stylistic convergence and covers its main interpretations. The analysis of the research material includes the study of stylistic means that form the stylistic convergence in the literary text, the comparative analysis of the text units containing the stylistic convergence both in the source text and in the target text. We revealed the most frequent ways of rendering the stylistic convergence from Russian into English. In addition, we analyzed the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence as well as the ways they can be retained in translation.

scholarly journals Optimism in a time of uncertainty. Spinoza, Kant and the eternal peace

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Ingrid Roos
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Stability

Aim: This article describes ideas of Enlightenment thinkers about the building of a democratic state with responsible and rationally thinking citizens. The article starts with the ideas of Spinoza, formulated in the seventeenth century, and will end in our time, where democracy is under threat.   Design/Research method: The article relies on professional publications, both within the fields of philosophy and political sociology.   Conclusions/findings: The study concludes that the optimistic expectations about the increase of democracy and the stability of democratic institutions in the world are no longer valid.   Originality/Value of the article: Recent developments in the political field in the western world make this optimism questionable

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