scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PELLETS AND BRIQUETTES PRODUCTION FROM CORN RESIDUES IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
G.G. Geletukha
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
By Products ◽  
Corn Grain

The purpose of the study is to analyze the technical and economic basis for the development of the production of pellets and briquettes from by-products of grain corn in Ukraine. The objective of the work is to determine conditions that ensure feasibility of projects of this type in Ukraine. Results of estimation of energy potential of by-products of corn grain in Ukraine are presented. The country has a large potential for this type of biomass available for biofuels and energy production. Current trends in agricultural development indicate that this potential may even increase in the future. For Ukraine’s conditions, it is recommended to harvest by-products of grain corn in the form of rectangular bales with the use of a three-pass harvesting system. Fuel characteristics of corn stover are considered. In general, biomass of this type has fairly good fuel properties close to those of wood fuels. Due to this, biofuels made from corn stover can be burned in boiler equipment intended for wood biomass. The effective use of grain corn by-products is the production of briquettes and pellets. Under current conditions, a simple payback period for such business projects can be up to 4…5 years with the internal return rate of more than 22%. The biggest impact on the main economic indicators of the projects is made by the sale price of solid biofuels, the productivity of the equipment, as well as the price of raw material.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PROJECTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS OF AGRARIAN PLANTATIONS PRUNING AND REMOVAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
S.V. Drahniev ◽  
T.A. Zheliezna ◽  
A.I. Bashtovyi
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Energy Equipment ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the work is to carry out a feasibility study of projects for the production of solid biofuels from biomass of pruning of perennial agricultural plantations for further use in boilers. Currently, this bioenergy sector is at the beginning of its development in the EU and in Ukraine, however it has quite good prospects for the future. An assessment of the energy potential of biomass obtained from pruning and removal of orchards and vineyards in Ukraine is performed. According to data of 2019, this potential is estimated at 116.2 ktoe. Though this potential is only a minor part of the total energy potential of biomass in Ukraine (23.6 Mtoe in 2019), biomass of these types is an important local fuel for the regions of its generation and can significantly reduce their dependence on traditional energy carriers. Biomass of pruning and removal of agricultural plantations can be a feedstock for chips (more often for hog fuel) or for solid biofuels of higher quality such as pellets and briquettes. Fuel properties of such solid biofuels are slightly worse than those of biofuels from forest wood or energy crops, but still high enough for the effective use in energy equipment. The main features are higher ash content and, accordingly, lower calorific value. The feasibility study of a typical project for the production of briquettes from vineyard pruning demonstrated economic viability of such projects in Ukraine. Further research in this area will lie in the feasibility study of obtaining solid biofuels from biomass of pruning and removal of orchards, as well as projects for the production of heat from such biofuels for Ukraine’s conditions.

Quality of pellets produced from agricultural wood residues specific to the Prut river basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
G. Marian ◽  
◽  
I. Gelu ◽  
B. Istrati ◽  
A. Gudîma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Prut River

Quality of pellets produced from agricultural wood residues specific to the Prut river basin This paper presents an overview of the prospects for the use of agricultural wood residues, specific to the climatic zone adjacent to the Prut River and the qualitative characteristics of densified solid biofuels in the form of pellets produced from the main types of the agricultural wood biomass, taken from agricultural plantations in the Republic of Moldova and Botosani, Iasi, Vaslui and Galați counties in Romania. The aim of the paper is to establish the energy potential of the main indigenous agricultural wood residues and to analyze the quality of the pellets produced from these residues. The research results showed that the pellets produced from the studied agricultural residues mainly meet ENPlus 3 requirements for most qualitative parameters, except for those produced from blackberry and currant residues. Residues from the prunning of some types of fruit shrubs can be used to produce pellets by creating mixtures of different proportions, and their qualitative characteristics can be significantly improved by thermo-chemical pre-treatment of the raw material. Keywords: plant biomass, densified solid biofuels, pellets, biofuel, energy potential, agricultural wood residues.

scholarly journals The impact of moist corn grain preservation on the ethanol yield by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and on volatile by-products

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nowak ◽  
K. Szambelan ◽  
W. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
By Products ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grains

We assessed the composition of volatile by-products in raw spirits obtained from moist corn fermentation. The average moisture value of the researched samples was 35.4%. A comparative research was conducted applying simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The analysis characterised corn grains after three and six months of storage in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The yield of ethanol fermentation was 42.43 and 39.12 l/100 kg dry matter after three and six months of storage, respectively. The storage of moist grain resulted in the reduction of higher alcohols content in the raw spirits. It was observed that the esters concentration decreased after three, but increased after six months of raw material storage. A significant increase occurred in the quantity of aldehydes detected only after three months of the corn storage. The results show that the application of SSF technology to moist corn, allows the production of bioethanol with quality comparable to that obtained with dried grain.  

Recent advances in applications of nano-agrochemicals for sustainable agricultural development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Singh ◽  
Archita Sharma ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Shailendra Kumar Arya ◽  
Neha Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Pollution ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
By Products

Modern agricultural practices have triggered the process of agricultural pollution. This process can cause the degradation of the eco-systems, land, and environment owing to the modern-day by-products of agriculture. The...

scholarly journals Polyphenols From Vitis vinifera Lambrusco By-Products (Leaves From Pruning): Extraction Parameters Evaluation Through Design of Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Tacchini ◽  
Ilaria Burlini ◽  
Immacolata Maresca ◽  
Alessandro Grandini ◽  
Tatiana Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
By Products

Vitis vinifera L. leaves from pruning are by-products of the wine industry and represent an important source of secondary raw material, thanks to their polyphenols content. Optimization of the extraction processes is a key factor for their valorization, and Design of Experiment (DOE) could be a tool to obtain the most performing extract in terms of polyphenols quality/quantity and bioactivity. Vitis vinifera Lambrusco leaves were subjected to ultrasound-assisted extractions guided by a 23 factorial design. Three independent parameters (% solvent, time of extraction, and solvent:solid ratio) were considered to evaluate the extraction process by analyzing the extraction yield, the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and the antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay). Moreover, the content of the main molecules was identified and quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry. The DOE highlighted the best extraction conditions that showed slight changes considering the different evaluating parameters. The highest extraction yield was obtained by extraction with 100% water, 60 minutes of extraction time, and 30:1 solvent:solid ratio, but it was neither the richest in polyphenols nor antioxidant capacity. The latter 2 characteristics were associated with the extraction performed using 50% ethanol, 35 minutes of extraction time, and a 20:1 solvent:solid ratio. That extract also exhibited the highest quantity of flavonols.

On-site sodium metal production with electrolysis by offshore wind or solar cell power generation for hydrogen generation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Murahara ◽  
Kazuichi Seki ◽  
Yuji Sato ◽  
Etsuo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Material ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Sodium Metal ◽  
By Products

AbstractSodium metal reacts with water explosively to generate hydrogen. Therefore, sodium metal can have an important role as a hydrogen storage material. Seawater contains water most and sodium second. Seawater is electrolyzed by offshore wind or solar cell power generation to produce sodium; which is transported to a thermoelectric power plant on land and then is reacted with water to produce hydrogen for electric power generation. Sodium hydroxide, a by-product, is used as a raw material for soda industries. In the sodium production process, many by-products such as fresh water, magnesium, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid are produced. Thus, sodium metal is an economical, renewable, and sustainable fuel that discharges neither CO2 nor radioactivity.

scholarly journals Corn Grain and Stover Nutrient Uptake Responses from Sandy Soil Treated with Designer Biochars and Compost

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Novak ◽  
Donald W. Watts ◽  
Gilbert C. Sigua ◽  
Thomas F. Ducey
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement ◽  
Corn Grain

Biochars are used for soil fertility improvement because they may contain certain elements that plants use as nutrients. However, few studies have demonstrated enhanced crop nutrient uptake. Our study examined nutrient uptake responses of corn (Zea Mays L.) grain and stover over 4 years (Y) after a Goldsboro sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active, thermic Aquic Paleudults) received different designer biochars and a compost. The designer biochars were produced from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) chip (PC), poultry litter (PL), blends with switchgrass (SG; Panicum virgatum), and a SG compost alone. Topsoil treated with 100% PL biochar and blended PC:PL biochar had significantly greater Mehlich 1 (M1) extractable P, K and Na contents compared to the control or other treatments. No significant differences were detected in annual grain nutrient concentrations. In the first corn stover harvest (Y1), significantly greater concentrations of P and K were taken up after treatment with 100% PL biochar, with PC:PL blend and with SG when compared to control. By the fourth corn stover harvest (Y4), nutrient uptake between treatments was not significantly different. Biochar impact on corn stover P, K and Na concentrations was time dependent, suggesting that repeated biochar applications may be needed.

THE BIOENERGY CROPS MARKET IN UKRAINE: TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Hayda ◽  
◽  
Khrystyna Firman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Positive Tendency

In this article analyzes the development of trends of bioenergy crops market development in Ukraine and its current state are analysed. The possibility and feasibility of synergy of mutual development of bioenergy crops market and bio-oil market in Ukraine were noted. The necessity of state support and stimulation of bioenergy crops and different types of biofuels production in Ukraine was stated. A positive trend of growth of planted areas and production of rapeseed in Ukraine was revealed. During the study period (2013-2019) the production of rapeseed was increased by 1.4 times. The greatest energy potential for the production of bioethanol is in the sugar beet subcomplex of the agricultural sector. Over the past few years, the production of sugar beet was at its highest in 2014 (15.7 million tonnes), while the following years saw a decrease in cultivated areas of sugar beet and, consequently, a drop in its gross output - to 8.3 million tonnes in 2020. Significant resource potential for the production of bioethanol also have cereal crops (wheat, rye, barley, maize), the area under which during the last ten years remains relatively stable (14.4-15.3 million ha). Among grain crops the most effective raw material for the production of bioethanol is maize. A positive tendency of biennial growth of planted area under this crop is revealed. The space differentiation of resource base of bioenergy in Ukraine is prominent. The cluster analysis revealed three groups of areas based on the similarity of the energy resources for bioenergy purposes. Two clusters including Khmelnytskyi, Ternopil, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv, Vinnytsia, Cherkasy, Sumy, Kirovograd, Poltava and Kyiv regions should be considered as the most promising areas for concentration of capacities in biofuel production. It is noted that the trajectory of development bioenergetic sector of the country is always conditioned by compromise between compliance with optimal levels of its energy and food security.

scholarly journals Towards By-Product Utilisation of Pea Hulls: Isolation and Quantification of Galacturonic Acid

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Gutöhrlein ◽  
Stephan Drusch ◽  
Sebastian Schalow
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Trifluoracetic Acid ◽  
Complete Digestion ◽  
Digestion Methods ◽  
Fibre Matrix ◽  
By Products

In order to evaluate by-products from food processing as alternative raw materials for pectin extraction, their amount of galacturonic acid (GalA) has to be analysed as a marker for pectin content. In the present study, significant differences in GalA release using different digestion methods are shown for pea hulls, as an example of by-products with a high content of cellulose. Complete digestion of the fibre matrix was assumed for Saeman hydrolysis as a reference protocol. Significantly lower GalA release was achieved by a treatment with trifluoracetic acid (TFA). An alternative treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at pH 11 followed by an enzymatic digestion at pH 4.5 using a combination of polygalacturonase (Vegazyme M) and cellulase (Celluclast 1.5L) resulted in a similar release of GalA compared to Seaman hydolysis. Pea hull samples, analysed by this alternative protocol, showed on average a GalA content of 11.2%. Therefore, pea hulls may serve as new raw material for pectin extraction.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Gelatin from Skin By-Products of Seabream, Seabass and Rainbow Trout Reared in Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12104
Author(s):  
Jesus Valcarcel ◽  
Carolina Hermida-Merino ◽  
Manuel M. Piñeiro ◽  
Daniel Hermida-Merino ◽  
José Antonio Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
First Case ◽  
Imino Acids ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
A Minor ◽  
By Products

The expansion of fish filleting, driven by the increasing demand for convenience food, concomitantly generates a rising amount of skinning by-products. Current trends point to a growing share of aquaculture in fish production, so we have chosen three established aquaculture species to study the properties of gelatin extracted from their skin: rainbow trout, commonly filleted; and seabass and seabream, marketed whole until very recently. In the first case, trout skin yields only 1.6% gelatin accompanied by the lowest gel strength (96 g bloom), while yield for the other two species exceeds 6%, and gel strength reaches 181 and 229 g bloom for seabass and seabream, respectively. These results are in line with the proportion of total imino acids analyzed in the gelatin samples. Molecular weight profiling shows similarities among gelatins, but seabass and seabream gelatins appear more structured, with higher proportion of β-chains and high molecular weight aggregates, which may influence the rheological properties observed. These results present skin by-products of seabream, and to a minor extent seabass, as suitable raw materials to produce gelatin through valorization processes.

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