Bacterial Aerosols Released During Dental Ultrasonic Scaling in Dogs

Periodontal disease is a high prevalent and multi-factorial oral disease in dogs and ultrasonic scaling is used to remove dental plaque and calculus, releasing contaminated aerosols, which may represent a hazard to animal and human health. This study aimed to identify the microorganisms present in aerosols produced during dental scaling of canine patients. A random sample of 15 dogs with periodontal disease was included, and aerosol samples were collected, incubated, and isolated bacteria were identified. Dogs without previous antibiotic treatment (n=4) and dogs that received systemic antibiotics up to two weeks before to dental scaling and polishing, either amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (n=3), or a combination of metronidazole and spiramycin (n=8), were included in the study. The highest percentage of pathogenic bacteria present corresponded to Pseudomonas spp. (20%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (13%) and Escherichia coli (10%). The most prevalent bacteria identified in the non-treated group was Pseudomonas spp. Within the group subject to prior antibiotherapy, the predominant bacterial species was also Pseudomonas spp. Followed by Staphylococcus spp. In spite of previous antibiotherapy, strong bacterial contamination was still present, suggesting that this is not a warranty of less contamination of the released aerosols. The bacteria identified in this study represent a serious hazard to public and animal health, so strict hygiene and prevention measures during ultrasonic scaling in dogs are mandatory.

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Distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial species in stray cats, hospital-admitted cats, and veterinary staff in South Korea

10.21203/rs.2.15626/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Woo Kyung Jung ◽

Sook Shin ◽

Young Kyung Park ◽

Suk-Kyung Lim ◽

Dong-Chan Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

South Korea ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Animal Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Stray Cats ◽

Enterococcus Spp ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract Background : Antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in both human and veterinary medicine. According to the One Health concept, an important step is to monitor the resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and trends of bacteria isolated from stray cats, hospital-admitted cats, and veterinary staff in South Korea between 2017 and 2018 were investigated. Results : The minimum inhibitory concentrations of different antibiotics for Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae , and Enterococcus spp. were determined to establish representatives of different antibiotic classes relevant for treatment or surveillance. For Coagulase-positive and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, resistance to fluoroquinolones was below 13%, but resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was high (20–88%). A total of 9.5%, 12.1%, and 40.3% of staphylococcal isolates from stray cats, hospital-admitted cats, and veterinary staff, respectively, were confirmed to be mecA positive. For Enterobacteriaceae , resistance to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and 3 rd generation cephalosporins was low (0–11.1%). The Enterococcus spp. isolates showed no resistance to vancomycin. The antimicrobial resistance rates of the Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae isolates from stray cats were usually lower than those of isolates from hospital-admitted cats and veterinary staff, but the Enterococcus spp. isolates revealed the opposite. Thus, the antimicrobial resistance varied across bacterial species according to the source from which they were isolated. Conclusions : Resistance to critically important compounds were low. However, the presence of antimicrobial resistance in cat isolates is of both public health and animal health concern.

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Distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial species in stray cats, hospital-admitted cats, and veterinary staff in South Korea

10.21203/rs.2.15626/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Woo Kyung Jung ◽

Sook Shin ◽

Young Kyung Park ◽

Suk-Kyung Lim ◽

Dong-Chan Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

South Korea ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Animal Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Stray Cats ◽

Enterococcus Spp ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

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The Assessment of antimicrobial activity of cerumen (earwax) and antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria isolated from ear pus samples

Microbiology Research ◽

10.4081/mr.2020.8565 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Iffat Naz

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Prevalence Data ◽

Culture Techniques ◽

E Coli ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

The present study is focused on the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of cerumen and antibiotics against bacteria isolated from ear pus samples. Thus, a total of 50 ear pus samples were collected from infected patients using sterile swabs and were screened using pure culture techniques. Total of 04 different bacterial isolates were identified while, the prevalence data revealed that Pseudomonas spp., were dominant (58%, n = 29) among isolated bacteria followed by Staphylococcus spp., (22%, n = 11), Escherichia coli (14%, n = 7) and Proteus spp., (6%, n = 3). Further, bioassay revealed that Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus spp., were most sensitive to Clindamycin (94.73%) while displayed resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Ampicillin. Similarly, E. coli and Proteus spp., were most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (92.8-95.21%) as compared to the other antibiotics. Moreover, antibacterial activity of cerumen was also assessed against test organisms and its maximum activity was observed against Pseudomonas spp., (90% equivalent to Clindamycin potency) and Staphylococcus spp., (60% equivalent to Amoxicillin potency) while least effective against E. coli (36%) and Proteus spp., (22%). Thus, it was concluded that the antibacterial activity of cerumen might be due to the presence of potential chemicals i.e. flavonoids and terpenoids.

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Nisin Probiotic Prevents Periodontal Disease and Inflammation while Promoting Periodontal Regeneration and a Shift Toward a Healthy Microbiome/Virome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-599805/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yvonne Kapila ◽

Li Gao ◽

Ryutaro Kuraji ◽

Martin Jinye Zhang ◽

April Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽

Probiotic Treatment

Abstract BackgroundDysbiosis of the oral microbiome mediates chronic periodontal disease, including its characteristic bone loss and host inflammatory response. Realignment of this microbial dysbiosis towards health may prevent disease. Treatment with antibiotics and probiotics can modulate the microbial, immunological, and clinical landscape of periodontal disease with some success. Antibacterial peptides or bacteriocins, such as nisin, and nisin-producing probiotics, Lactococcus lactis, have not been examined in this context, yet warrant further examination because of their biomedical benefits in eradicating biofilms and oral pathogenic bacteria, and modulation of immune mechanisms. The goal of this study was to examine the potential for nisin and a nisin-producing probiotic to abrogate periodontal bone loss and related inflammatory landscape while modulating the composition of the oral microbiome. ResultsA polymicrobial mouse model of periodontal disease was employed for this purpose. In a disease context, nisin and the nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis probiotic significantly decreased the levels of periodontal pathogens, alveolar bone loss, oral inflammatory host response, and host-antibody response to these pathogens. Surprisingly, nisin and/or the nisin-producing L. lactis probiotic also enhanced the number of gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament cells, and bone lining cells in response to the polymicrobial infection. Nisin and probiotic treatment significantly shifted the oral bacteriome and virome towards the healthy control state. This shift was characterized by a unique signature; health was associated with a Proteobacteria (Marinobacter sp. B9-2), whereas 3 retroviruses (Golden Hamster Intracisternal A-particle H18, Bat gammaretrovirus, and Porcine type C oncovirus) were associated with disease. Specific disease-associated microbial species were highly correlated with IL-6 levels. ConclusionsNisin’s ability to shift the oral microbiome towards health, mitigate oral disease and the host immune response, and promote a novel regenerative periodontal phenotype, addresses key aspects of the pathogenesis of the disease. These benefits may negate the systemic effects associated with periodontal disease and reveal a new biomedical application for nisin in regenerative medicine.

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Distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial species in stray cats, hospital-visiting cats, and veterinary staff in South Korea

10.21203/rs.2.15626/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Woo Kyung Jung ◽

Sook Shin ◽

Young Kyung Park ◽

Suk-Kyung Lim ◽

Dong-Chan Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

South Korea ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Stray Cats ◽

Enterococcus Spp ◽

Health Concept ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in both human and veterinary medicine. According to the One Health concept, an important step is to monitor the resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and trends of bacteria isolated from stray cats, hospital-visiting cats, and veterinary staff in South Korea between 2017 and 2018 were investigated. Results The minimum inhibitory concentrations of different antibiotics for Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae , and Enterococcus spp. were determined to establish representatives of different antibiotic classes relevant for treatment or surveillance. For Coagulase-positive and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, resistance to fluoroquinolones was below 13%, but resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was high (20–88%). A total of 9.5%, 12.1%, and 40.3% of staphylococcal isolates from stray cats, hospital-visiting cats, and veterinary staff, respectively, were confirmed to be mecA positive. For Enterobacteriaceae , resistance to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and 3rd generation cephalosporins was low (0–11.1%). The Enterococcus spp. isolates showed no resistance to vancomycin. The antimicrobial resistance rates of the Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae isolates from stray cats were usually lower than those of isolates from hospital-visiting cats and veterinary staff, but the Enterococcus spp. isolates revealed the opposite. Thus, the antimicrobial resistance varied across bacterial species according to the source from which they were isolated. Conclusions Resistance to critically important compounds were low. These results emphasize the fact that more attention should be paid to the use of antimicrobials and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in cats.

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Localization of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella Forsythia In vivo and In vitro

Austin Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.26420/austinjdent.2021.1155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rajakaruna GA ◽

◽

Izumi Y ◽

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Human Body ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Future Research ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Tannerella Forsythia ◽

Periodontal Tissues

Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia have been identified as pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Also, there are reports describing possible association of periodontal disease with other systemic diseases and some studies have revealed the presence of these bacterial species or their genomic content in sites distal to oral cavity in human body. There have been various studies investigating on possible pathogenic mechanisms that these bacteria device in healthy and disease conditions. Majority of the studies have been focused on possible molecular mechanisms and investigating the end products that are released as a result of bacteria coming into contact with the human tissues/ cells. Up to date only a limited number of studies have visualized direct histo-pathological and cellular events of these bacteria with time lapse information. In this mini review we tried to narrow down our focus on the visualization P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, starting from the oldest possible publications to current advancements, their contribution on understanding the histo-morpho-pathological changes during bacterial invasion, the pros and cons in these methods and how future research should be shaped to reveal the possible translocation of these bacteria from periodontal tissues to distal sites of the human body.

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Microbiota populations in supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, and saliva habitats of adult dogs

Animal Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s42523-021-00100-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patrícia M. Oba ◽

Meredith Q. Carroll ◽

Celeste Alexander ◽

Helen Valentine ◽

Amy J. Somrak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Subgingival Plaque ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Supragingival Plaque

Abstract Background Oral diseases are common in dogs, with microbiota playing a prominent role in the disease process. Oral cavity habitats harbor unique microbiota populations that have relevance to health and disease. Despite their importance, the canine oral cavity microbial habitats have been poorly studied. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the oral microbiota of different habitats of dogs and (2) correlate oral health scores with bacterial taxa and identify what sites may be good options for understanding the role of microbiota in oral diseases. We used next-generation sequencing to characterize the salivary (SAL), subgingival (SUB), and supragingival (SUP) microbial habitats of 26 healthy adult female Beagle dogs (4.0 ± 1.2 year old) and identify taxa associated with periodontal disease indices. Results Bacterial species richness was highest for SAL, moderate for SUB, and lowest for SUP samples (p < 0.001). Unweighted and weighted principal coordinates plots showed clustering by habitat, with SAL and SUP samples being the most different from one another. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Spirochaetes were the predominant phyla in all habitats. Paludibacter, Filifactor, Peptostreptococcus, Fusibacter, Anaerovorax, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Desulfomicrobium, and TG5 were enriched in SUB samples, while Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Leucobacter, Euzebya, Capnocytophaga, Bergeyella, Lautropia, Lampropedia, Desulfobulbus, Enhydrobacter, and Moraxella were enriched in SUP samples. Prevotella, SHD-231, Helcococcus, Treponema, and Acholeplasma were enriched in SAL samples. p-75-a5, Arcobacter, and Pasteurella were diminished in SUB samples. Porphyromonas, Peptococcus, Parvimonas, and Campylobacter were diminished in SUP samples, while Tannerella, Proteocalla, Schwartzia, and Neisseria were diminished in SAL samples. Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria were associated with higher oral health scores (worsened health) in plaque samples. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the differences that exist among canine salivary, subgingival plaque and supragingival plaque habitats. Salivary samples do not require sedation and are easy to collect, but do not accurately represent the plaque populations that are most important to oral disease. Plaque Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria were associated with higher (worse) oral health scores. Future studies analyzing samples from progressive disease stages are needed to validate these results and understand the role of bacteria in periodontal disease development.

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Pathogenic identification and antibiotic susceptibility of the microorganisms isolated from urine samples of UTI patients

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v6i1.33517 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

Md Ibrahim Miah ◽

Tasnia Ahmed ◽

Saurab Kishore Munshi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Research Work ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Staphylococcus Spp ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the infection that occurs in the urinary tract by the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, virus etc. under some circumstances only. Some common pathogenic bacteria associated with UTI include Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. In the ongoing research work, about 30 UTI patients were selected randomly to detect the pathogen responsible for causing urinary tract infection and also to demonstrate their drug resistant traits. Among the 30 samples, about 14 samples were found to harbor Proteus spp. (1×104 cfu/ml to 1×105 cfu/ml). Escherichia coli was found to be the second predominant agent for UTI and recovered from 13 samples. Among the rest 3 samples, Pseudomonas spp. was found in 2 samples and Klebsiella spp. was found in one sample. Identified isolates showed resistance against different ranges of antibiotics. The study findings revealed the fact that emerging drug resistance of different pathogenic bacteria could become the major difficulties in the treatment of infectious diseases like UTI.Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.6(1) 2016: 34-38

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Estimation of microbiological propagation and antimicrobial traits of the frequently accessible flowers

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22756 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marufa Sharmin ◽

Kamal Kanta Das ◽

Mrityunjoy Acharjee

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

E Coli ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Almost All ◽

Staphylococcus Spp ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Present study portrayed a complete microbiological profile of commonly available flowers including Rosa kordesii, Gladiolus hybrid, Acmella oleracea, Nyctanthes arbortristis and Pseudomussaenda flava which were randomly collected from Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The microbial contamination was quantified up to 108 cfu/g. Exploration of specific pathogenic bacteria was estimated within the range of 103 to 108 cfu/g of which Pseudomonas spp. was found in G. hybrid, A. oleracea and P. flava (~106 cfu/g), whereas Escherichia coli and Staphylococcal contamination was evident in almost all samples up to 108 cfu/g. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the flower extracts were notable against most of the test bacteria. The ethanolic extracts of R. kordesii showed anti-bacterial activity against most of the bacteria except E. coli and Salmonella spp. G. hybrid extracts showed activity against Klebsiella spp. and Bacillus spp., A. oleracea against E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Salmonella spp., P. flava against Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp., and N. arbortristis against Bacillus spp. The methanol extracts of G. hybrid possessed activity against E. coli, Listeria spp. and Pseudomonas spp., N. arbortristis extracts against E. coli, Vibrio spp., Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus spp., P. flava extracts against E. coli. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22756 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 19-23

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Microbiological status of some commonly available food items and the effects of microwave oven heat on the existence microflora

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(3).376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 697-702

Author(s):

Md. Faisal Islam ◽

Ifra Tun Nur ◽

Tamanna Islam ◽

Rabeya Sultana ◽

Md. Rezanujjaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Microwave Oven ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Food Items ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Set Up ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Foods are the major source of energy and nutrition for all the living organisms. Measuring food safety and security is a vital concern nowadays. The present study attempted to evaluate a complete microbiological profile of some popular food items collected from different restaurants along with their drug-resistant profile. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 60 seconds microwave oven heat on the growth of microorganisms present in the collected food items. Presence of bacterial and fungal microbiological profiling of the food items and their drug-resistant pattern were determined through conventional cultural, biochemical and Kirby Bauer methods. After that, the food was heated in the microwave oven for 60 seconds. All the food items (chicken sandwich, French pizza, chicken pie, pasta, hot dog) were found to be highly contaminated with total viable bacteria and fungus up to 107CFU/g while the pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. was estimated up to 106CFU/g. After 60-second microwave oven heat treatment, the existence microbial load was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, fecal coliform was only detected in chicken sandwich before the heat treatment (102CFU/g) but that was completely eliminated by heat treatment. Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were found in untreated chicken pie, pasta and French pizza samples although after heat treatment the growth was 100% eliminated. Only in chicken sandwich, 2-log reduction of Staphylococcus spp. was notified after 60-second heat. Moreover, the identified bacteria were found to be 100% resistant against commonly used antibiotics but only streptomycin (10 µg), azithromycin (15 µg) and gentamycin (10 µg) were found as effective drugs against all the isolates. The presence of resistant strain in food is very alarming which indicates the poor management set up and lack of proper legislation in food sector. However, the 60-second microwave oven heat treatment was so effective to reduce the substantial amount of bacteria.

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