scholarly journals DICTIONARY DEFINITION AS A WAY OF OBJECTIVATION OF ETHNOS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT TOOLS

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Olha Molodychuk
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Knowledge Presentation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Detailed Interpretation ◽  
Middle Generation ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

This article analyzes the peculiarities of objectification of ethnos knowledge about tools on the material of definitions of lexicographical works of different years. It has been proved that there is a seal of their creation time on dictionary interpretations. The main tools in their constructions remain as they were many years ago, but their once important details for the consciousness of a native speaker have lost their significance, so in modern definitions they are absent, because there is no need for a more detailed interpretation of these historicisms nowadays. A comparison of interpretations of tools gives grounds to talk about how their perceptions have changed during the historical development of society. The analysis of practical material proves that there is an inversely proportional relationship between the structure of knowledge presentation and its lexicographic definition. Comparison of dictionary articles presented in lexicographical works of the middle of the 19th – early 20th enturies and late 20th – early 21st centuries proves «tool» progress of the society, where the usual for Ukrainians of the previous time period tool was interpreted in one word, because everything was clear without further explanation, while lexicographic works representing the second time period testify presentation of a detailed description of a tool in the definition, because they are actually used today by representatives of mostly older (sometimes) middle generation of Ukrainians. The research proves that metaphorical processes are seldom recorded in lexicographical works as objectification of steps up in the semantic structure of the lexical item caused by people’s knowledge about tools and their functioning. This requires of lexicographers to create electronic versions of dictionaries to respond quickly to new meanings.

On twittizens and city residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Tarasova ◽  
Natalia Beliaeva
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract The present study analyses native speaker perceptions of the differences in the semantic structure of compounds and blends to specify whether the formal differences between compounds and blends are reflected on the semantic level. Viewpoints on blending vary, with some researchers considering it to be an instance of compounding (Kubozono, 1990), while others identify blending as an interim word formation mechanism between compounding and shortening (López Rúa, 2004). The semantic characteristics of English determinative blends and N+N subordinative compounds are compared by evaluating the differences in native speakers’ perceptions of the semantic relationships between constituents of the analysed structures. The results of two web-based experiments demonstrate that readers’ interpretations of both compounds and blends differ in terms of lexical indicators of semantic relations between the elements of these units. The experimental findings indicate that language users’ interpretation of both compounds and blends includes information on semantic relationships. The differences in the effect of the semantic relations on interpretations is likely to be connected to the degree of formal transparency of these units.

scholarly journals Cluster Analysis of Polysemous Word Semantic Structure in the Light of Invariant Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-870
Author(s):  
Olga Leonidovna Zimareva ◽  
Svetlana Andreevna Pesina
Keyword(s):  
Invariant Theory ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Single Structure ◽  
Polysemous Word ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Polysemous Words

The aim of the article is to disclose specific features of the cluster method of material organization to the semantic structure analysis of polysemous words. The object of study includes the most frequent polysemous words of Russian and English languages. The words for study should have a developed semantic structure thanks to which intra-word connections and a picture of the semantic component selection in the process of decoding figurative meaning can be visually presented. The main method of analysis is component analysis and consideration of non-trivial semantic components. In the process of word analysis, we intend to discover what underlies the retention of meanings within a single structure. Initially, the idea bases on the existence of some invariant content, which is stored in the folded form in the mind of a native speaker. In the present study, the application of cluster theory to the organization of the polysemous word semantic structure not only confirms the invariant theory, but also brings it to a new level of understanding what the meaning of the word is and how we understand the figurative meaning. Representation of the semantic structure in the form of interconnected semantic components, united in clusters on the basis of a criterion, represents a new approach to understanding the phenomenon of polysemy and explaining the diffusivity of figurative meanings. The configuration of invariant and differential components in the decoding process provides an understanding of figurative meanings. We find confirmation of this theory in the works on neurolinguistics and cognitive psychology.

scholarly journals Corpus-based methods in stylistic studies: reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no in Fedor Dostoevskii’s individual style

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-416
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Sharapova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Lexical Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Individual Style ◽  
National Corpus

The article discusses the idiolectic features of the adjective reshitel’nyi and the adverb reshitel’no in Fedor Dostoevskii’s writing style. Conceived as one lexical item, reshitel’nyi and reshitel’no have a semantic structure that includes three blocks of meanings: quality/mode of action; discursive meaning; intensity (corresponding to the lexical function Magn). The dictionary definitions suggest that all of them were common to reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no in Russian language of the 19th century. Ноwever, a corpus-based study shows that reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no in discursive or intensifying use is one of Dostoevskii’s idiolectic patterns. The study comprises 1219 contexts from Dostoevskii’s five great novels and from Leo Tolstoy’s, Mikhail Saltykov Shchedrin’s, Ivan Turgenev’s and Ivan Goncharov’s literary texts accessible in the Russian National Corpus. The analysis reveals the closeness of intensification tо discursive meanings up to nondistinction. Almost half of the contexts extracted from Dostoevsky’s texts are discursive or intensifying uses of reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no. This share is much smaller for the texts of other authors (12%, 22%, 15% and 14% respectively). The article considers some types of contexts and constructions that refer to discursive or intensifying uses of reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no in Dostoesvskii’s literary texts.

scholarly journals Nomina Berelasi Air yang Dihasilkan Entitas Dalam Bahasa Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Carma Citrawati ◽  
I Nengah Sudipa ◽  
Ni Made Suryati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Informal Method ◽  
Human Flora

This Research aim at finding nouns related to water in Balinese langage, particulary lexicon that belong to entity of human, flora, and fauna. Lexicon with noun category are analyzed using Natural Semantics Metalanguage (NSM). The data in form of oral speech spoken by native speaker of Balinese were collected from two regency, Buleleng and Klungkung. The method used to collect data is the observing method and skill method. Data analyzed by identity and distributional method. The result of data analysis is presented by using formal and informal method. The result shows that the semantic structure of noun related to water portray various structure. There are 13 nouns related to the water from three entity of human, flora, and fauna, i.e peluh, enceh, téngés, yéh cunguh, poos, tétéh, yéh mata, yéh nyonyo and banyeh. these nouns are compared to semantic prime of SOMETHING-THING which has polysemy meaning with semantic prime of PEOPLE. These nouns affect their entities positively and negatively.

scholarly journals LINGUOPOETICS TODAY

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
VITALIY KONONENKO
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Philosophy Of Knowledge

The article highlights a complex of problems addressed by linguopoetics, the science that concerns itself with the language of fiction and poetry. Linguopoetis as the study of imagery, its rules and means aims at revealing the potential power of tropes in literary texts; more importantly, it provides understanding of the principles that govern text organization in terms of the philosophy of knowledge, the unity of language and thought, the linguistic picture of the world. The system of ideas and images presented in literary discourse requires a holistic approach rather than the discussion of separate text fragments, i.e. the analysis of ‘vertical context’. Comprehension of metaphoricity presupposes generalizations at the level of the semantic structure of the whole text with its colloquialisms and metaphorical imagery, transformations of figurative and non-figurative meanings, stylistically neutral and marked elements, connotative layers and additional new meanings. A distinctive feature of modern literary texts is deviations from codified literary norms; such divergences create ‘freshness’, originality of expression; they create unique images providing deep psychological insight and eloquence. The study of modern literary discourse involves investigation into the general characteristics of national idiolect, its specificity, authors’ ideostylistic features. The analysis of individual styles of writing, on the material of modernist prose and poetry in particular, makes it possible to establish current literary trends and innovative tendencies in modern Ukrainian literature.

scholarly journals Interrelation Between Conceptual and Linguistic Worldviews (Based on the Economic Lexical Item ‘CLIENT’)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-180
Author(s):  
Lesia Kushmar
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Principle Calculation ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Components

This article presents a theoretical approach to the concept interpretation “worldview” which expresses human knowledge about environment. The difference between conceptual and linguistic worldviews has been determined. Associative meaning represents the conceptual worldview. Vocabulary definitions reflect the linguistic worldview. To identify main peculiarities in conceptual and linguistic worldviews the lexical item ‘CLIENT’ was selected according to criteria: contextual conditioning, frequency, information, presence in dictionaries and encyclopedias of different areas, expressing relevant concepts nowadays. 915 respondents took part in the experiment. Obtained results (1,600 reactions) have been processed using statistical methods. The application of modeling allowed creating the associative field structure defining core and periphery. Items representing essential features of the concept form the core; secondary features of the subject form the periphery. The core and periphery combine associative meaning of the item. Comparison of lexical and associative meanings has been made according to algorithm: defining main components in the lexeme structure using structural-semantic principle; calculation of core reactions because the lexicon core of the native speaker reflects the actual worldview; establishment total number of core reactions that are connected with vocabulary; determination the level of lexical and associative meanings’ approximation. The economic lexical item ‘CLIENT’ is on the edge of incomplete coincidence according to association and lexical meanings. This fact allows arguing that the conceptual worldview is more dynamic than linguistic. Changes in reality are reflected in core reactions of the associative field only with time being reflected in the lexical meaning.

scholarly journals Semantic assimilation of foreign new words by the Russian and Chinese language (on the material of online forums)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Denisenko ◽  
Anastasya V. Denisenko ◽  
Alexander N. Shirobokov ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Internet Forums ◽  
Linguistic Problem

The article discusses the ways of borrowing foreign words in modern Russian and Chinese language, and the processes of their adoption in written speech of participants of Internet forums. This important linguistic problem was endowed with particular relevance in the conditions of the internetization of society, since it is on the Internet that new forms of mass communication arise and develop, communicate numerous social and age groups. The study identifies and compares differences in the ways of borrowing of foreign language vocabulary in Russian and Chinese. A comparative analysis of the studied lexical units showed that, in both Russian and Chinese modern speech, loanwords can develop new semantics by meaning extension, metaphorizing and metonimizing. It is noted that the formation of new meanings in the semantic structure of loanwords can be influenced by the contexts in which they are used.

MEANING THE TREE AS A CONTEMPORARY ART IMAGINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 288-298
Author(s):  
Elif Fatma TOLUN
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Tree Image

In the time period extending from the past to the present, the tree appears as both an object and an image not only Turkish culture but also in different cultures. In addition, the tree has taken its place in art and art history as an important asset in human life. The tree, which seems an ordinary object but exists imaginatively in the field of art, has been given deep meanings in history. The tree has sometimes become set into an expression as an object, as a form or as a legend. It has sometimes been the symbol of life and death as the tree of life, the genealogy as an indicator of personal history, or a wishing tree that expresses hopes for the future, and sometimes it has been the object of a political reaction. In this study, it is emphasized how the 'tree' image is valued, how it has experienced a historical change process and how it is interpreted in today's art. Besides, it is focused on creating different meanings artistically through images and reconstruction with changes in meaning also producing new meanings. In summary, in this study, a perspective that criticize the different meaning and change process of the tree image with examples from some contemporary artists is presented.

The rise of choice as an absolute ‘good’

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Evans ◽  
Lesley Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Absolute Good

In this article we report on a corpus-based study of the lexical item ‘choice’. ‘Choice’ was previously found to be a keyword in Jeffries and Walker’s (2012) study of political discourse from the New Labour years, occurring more frequently in newspaper articles during that period (1998–2007) than in those dating from the years in which John Major was Prime Minister (1990–1997). The current project investigates the use of ‘choice’ in British general election manifestos between 1900 and 2010. We first of all carry out a quantitative study of the use of ‘choice’ by the three main UK political parties across this time period, before undertaking a qualitative study of the use of the word in context. Our approach is informed by work in lexical meaning and critical stylistics, and demonstrates how ‘choice’ has taken on new semantic meanings in a political context.

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