scholarly journals Identification of hepatozon spp. In the population of target rods of the Chernobyl radiation and ecological biosphere reserve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Semenko ◽  
◽  
M. V. Galat ◽  
A. I. Lipskaya ◽  
D. О. Vishnevskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Murine Rodents ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chernobyl Zone

The ecosystems that have developed in the exclusion zone after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 have a number of features. Parasites, as part of an ecosystem, can act as indicators of the processes taking place in it. Mouse rodents play an important role in the preservation and transmission of pathogens of some, including zoonotic, diseases in the wild. Therefore, the study of parasites in murine rodents, especially those transmitted transmissively, makes it possible to understand the characteristics of the distribution and the level of threat of their transmission to other susceptible animals, including agricultural, small domestic animals and humans. We carried out a study of blood smears taken from murine rodents for the presence of pathogens of transmissible parasitic diseases. According to the results of the studies, the pathogen Hepatozoon spp. Was detected for the first time in Ukraine. in the population of murine rodents. Creating an exclusion zone is one of the most obvious and long-lasting consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPS) accident. Because of 90-95% of this territory lacks systematic human activity and regime equal to the reserve. Ecosystems formed in the exclusion zone are affected a number of key factors as radioactive contamination, succession, wills and climate change. Spatial heterogeneity of density, radionuclide composition and physical chemical forms of precipitation are a characteristic feature of radioactive pollution in the Chernobyl Zone. Much of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the Chernobyl Zone as of 1986 was an artificial or semi-artificial systems that were under the regulatory control of man. The removal of regulatory control has led to the inclusion of natural influences mechanisms. That is, a significant part of ecosystems is in a state far from equilibrium, where the processes of succession are active. The testamentary effect is the result of a radical economic contraction activities and the creation of a strict security regime. Given this dynamics ecosystems in the Exclusion Zone has a unique character. Parasites are part of the ecosystem, so they can act as indicators of the processes occurring in it. Mouse-like rodents play an important role in the preservation of agents some infectious diseases in the wild. It is known that rodents are reservoirs hosts at least 60 zoonotic diseases, playing an important role in their transmission and distribution. Not the last role in it is played by features biology and way of life of these animals. Study of parasites in murine rodents, especially those that transmitted transmissively, will make it possible to understand the peculiarities of distribution and the level of threat of their transmission to other susceptible animals, including agricultural, small pets and humans. The object of our study was blood smears taken from murine rodents: Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus and Apodemus spp. Catching mice for further sampling conducted at 3 three landfills. Mouse-like rodents are significantly affected by pathogens of infectious diseases, including those transmitted through blood-sucking arthropods. Therefore, the study of the presence and prevalence of transmissible agents in murine rodents is important in order to prevent the disease in other species of animals or humans. The purpose of the study was to study the role of rodents Chornobyl Excusion Zone as a reservoir of blood-borne diseases. The study was conducted during 2020-2021. Blood smears from rodents Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus and Apodemus spp, which were selected during the expedition from three landfills and transferred to the Department of Pharmacology, Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine of NULES of Ukraine, where they conducted further research. Blood smears were stained by the method of Romanowski-Gimza, Leuko-Diff and examined under an immersion microscope system. A total of 117 blood smears were collected from 117 murine rodents from three landfills. According to the results of microscopic examination in blood smears revealed parasites, which morphologically we attributed to Hepatozoon spp. This agent was detected in Ukraine for the first time. Agents had an oval body shape with a large nucleus and were located in the cytoplasm of leukocytes (mostly neutrophils, rarely lymphocytes). In total, hepatozoan agents were detected in blood smears from 13 studied animals, which was 11.11%. And the invasion of Hepatozoon spp. was found in murine rodents of the first landfill, in 7 rodents. The smallest of the murine rodents of the second landfill was found only in blood smears from 2 animals. In addition to hepatozoons in murine rodents, we also found agents of other diseases, such as Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp. and Trypanosoma spp.

REINTEGRATION OF THE CHORNOBYL NPP EXCLUSION ZONE ON THE BASIS OF THE DESIGN-PLANNING COMPLEX

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
I.I. Ustinova ◽  
◽  
M.M. Dyomin ◽  
G.V. Aylikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Design Planning ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
First Time

The aim of the publication is to determine the prerequisites of and to elaborate on the foundations of the Exclusion Zone reintegration in order to address the issue of rational development of urban-planning documentation complex regarding the legitimacy of said territory exploitation. It is established that for the implementation of the «Radioactive waste management strategy» the production complex «Vector» is being constructed on the Exclusion Zone territory; a powerful park of renewable energy generation is being created to implement the «Chornobyl - a Territory of Change» strategy; a Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve was established to support and increase the barrier function of the zone; in order to promote the Safe Chornobyl brand-name, the tourist traffic is being increased and the conditions for the visitors are improving. In the absence of developed and approved city planning documentation, the listed above causes the problem of legitimacy and rationality of the exclusion zone territory use. The paper for the first time raises the question of the need to elaborate the concept of functional planning of the Chornobyl NPP exclusion zone territory and the development of the design-planning complex (urban planning documentation): from the territory.

scholarly journals The Environmental Effects of the April 2020 Wildfires and the Cs-137 Re-Suspension in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone: A Multi-Hazard Threat

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Rocío Baró ◽  
Christian Maurer ◽  
Jerome Brioude ◽  
Delia Arnold ◽  
Marcus Hirtl
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plume Dispersion ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Impact

This paper demonstrates the environmental impacts of the wildfires occurring at the beginning of April 2020 in and around the highly contaminated Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). Due to the critical fire location, concerns arose about secondary radioactive contamination potentially spreading over Europe. The impact of the fire was assessed through the evaluation of fire plume dispersion and re-suspension of the radionuclide Cs-137, whereas, to assess the smoke plume effect, a WRF-Chem simulation was performed and compared to Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite columns. The results show agreement of the simulated black carbon and carbon monoxide plumes with the plumes as observed by TROPOMI, where pollutants were also transported to Belarus. From an air quality and health perspective, the wildfires caused extremely bad air quality over Kiev, where the WRF-Chem model simulated mean values of PM2.5 up to 300 µg/m3 (during the first fire outbreak) over CEZ. The re-suspension of Cs-137 was assessed by a Bayesian inverse modelling approach using FLEXPART as the atmospheric transport model and Ukraine observations, yielding a total release of 600 ± 200 GBq. The increase in both smoke and Cs-137 emissions was only well correlated on the 9 April, likely related to a shift of the focus area of the fires. From a radiological point of view even the highest Cs-137 values (average measured or modelled air concentrations and modelled deposition) at the measurement site closest to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, i.e., Kiev, posed no health risk.

scholarly journals Large Carnivores of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Exclusion Zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. e-21-e-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shkvyria ◽  
D. Vishnevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Large Predators

Large Carnivores of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Exclusion Zone During nine years observations on large carnivores of Exclusion Zone have been carried out. Species composition and the number of large predators in the Exclusion Zone correspond to the regional conditions. The presence of bears and permanent stay of the lynx in the Exclusion Zone was confirmed. Six wolf packs were counted. The use of an anthropogenically transformed areas, the shift of the daily regime of activity and characteristics of the diet are the most specific features of this animal group.

Enzootic Activity of Chlamydia in Farms Located in a Hotspot Area for Zoonosis Emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Andres Vanderhoeven ◽  
Jessica P. Mosmann ◽  
Adrián Díaz ◽  
Cecilia G. Cuffini
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

Abstract Chlamydias are obligated intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, considered important zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. We analyzed the presence of Chlamydial species with zoonotic risk in farm animals in a highly biodiverse area and with great human circulation, the Argentine, Brazil and Paraguay tri-border area. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals. DNA was extracted and specific PCR was performed to identify chlamydial species. We detected Chlamydia spp . in 6.5% (4/62) of the animals tested, positive samples belonged to cattle and none of them showed symptoms of respiratory disease nor had been diagnose with reproductive diseases. Specific nested PCR confirmed two samples belonged to C. pecorum and two to C. psittaci . We report for the first time Chlamydia circulation with zoonotic risk in the region. Surveys in birds and wild mammals could give a better understanding to know what Chlamydial species are circulating in the wild interface. The zoonotic potential should be taking into account as farm workers and the surrounding population could be silent carriers or have respiratory diseases being underdiagnosed, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnoses.

MONITORING OF RADIATION POLLUTION OF THE TERRITORY OF THE CHORNOBYL ZONE

2020 ◽  
pp. 297-307
Author(s):  
Victor Movenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
The State ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Chernobyl Zone

Urgency of the Research. Thirty-five years have passed since the Chernobyl accident. During this time, the environment has undergone constant changes under the influence of natural and human factors. Knowledge of these changes is impossible without the separation of anthropogenic processes from natural, which is why they organize special observations on various parameters of the biosphere, which change as a result of human activity. It is in the observation of the environment, the assessment of its actual state, and the forecasting of its development, that the essence of monitoring of radiation pollution of the territory of the Chernobyl zone is under the present conditions. Target setting. Investigation of modern technological procedures and technical means of monitoring to further create a system of integrated radiological control of the environment will ensure the prevention and elimination of negative changes in the state of the environment in the territory of both the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ) and throughout Ukraine. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Recent publications and reports on open access concerning the problems of monitoring of radiation pollution of the Chernobyl zone in the current conditions have been considered. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Maintaining integrated radio-ecological environmental monitoring in areas where radiation hazards are located requires constant monitoring and monitoring of the radiation environment in the environment in order to determine its level of contamination and respond quickly to emergencies and prevent possible radiation accidents, as well as to prevent their occurrence. and the environment. The research objective. Comprehensive monitoring of radiation pollution requires the adaptation of the RODOS system to the conditions of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and potential specific sources of emissions in the ChEZ, the creation of a complete register of collected data for the adaptation of the RODOS system to the conditions of the ChEZ, a systematic description of sources of emissions from forest fires, fires, during the decommissioning of the ChNPP. The statement of basic materials. The article deals with the issues of integrated radio-ecological monitoring of the environment in the areas of radiation hazard objects, the use of an automated radiation monitoring system (ASCRO), the implementation of a real time decision support system in response to nuclear accidents - RODOS in Chernobyl. Conclusions. The implementation of ASCRO and RODOS systems in the Chernobyl zone has allowed to create a comprehensive system of radio-ecological environmental monitoring of the state, regional and local levels, which is intended to solve the main tasks of environmental safety management, including, at high risk objects.

scholarly journals Learning a non-neutral conditioned stimulus: place preference in the crab Neohelice granulata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Klappenbach ◽  
Candela Medina ◽  
Ramiro Freudenthal
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Neohelice Granulata ◽  
Preference Task ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn the wild, being able to recognize and remember specific locations related to food sources and the associated attributes of landmarks is a cognitive trait important for survival. In the present work we show that the crab Neohelice granulata can be trained to associate a specific environment with an appetitive reward in a conditioned place preference task. After a single training trial, when the crabs were presented with a food pellet in the target quadrant of the training arena, they were able to form a long-term memory related to the event. This memory was evident at least 24 h after training and was protein-synthesis dependent. Importantly, the target area of the arena proved to be a non-neutral environment, given that animals initially avoided the target quadrant. In the present work we introduce for the first time an associative one-trial memory paradigm including a conditioned stimulus with a clear valence performed in a crustacean.

scholarly journals Small mammals of the Kaluga region – reservoirs of dangerous zoonotic diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Nikanorova ◽  
Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Small Forest

The article considers the issues of carriage by small mammals of dangerous zoonotic diseases: leptospirosis, tularemia, hantaviruses. Data on the detection of antigens to pathogens in the districts of the Kaluga region are presented. As you know, small mammals are the main link in maintaining zoonotic natural focal diseases. The larval phases of ixodic ticks, mosquitoes and other parasitic arthropods prefer to feed on the blood of mouse rodents, which contributes to the spread of vector-borne infections and infestations. The following species of mouse rodents are found in the Kaluga Region: small forest mouse (Apodemus uralensis), gray vole, red vole (Myodes glareolus), field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), and house mouse (Mus musculus). In natural biotopes, field species prevail in number: field mouse, gray vole, red vole. In the Kaluga region, antigens for tularemia, hantaviruses, and leptospirosis were found in small mammals in 4.9–9.4% of the studied animals on average per year. Of particular concern are the city of Kaluga, Borovsky, Babyninsky, Yukhnovsky, Ulyanovsk, Medynsky, Maloyaroslavetsky, Meshchovsky, Peremyshlsky, Kozelsky, Dzerzhinsky and Ulyanovsk districts. The data obtained indicate the stationarity of these diseases in the territory of the Kaluga region.

scholarly journals SOME ISSUES OF LIFE ACTIVITIES OF POPULATION IN THE CHORNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
N. Gunko ◽  
◽  
O. Ivanova ◽  
K. Loganovsky ◽  
N. Korotkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Total Radiation ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Total Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Radiation

Background. Radiation accidents at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (USSR, 1986) and Fukushima-1 (Japan, 2011) have shown that global environmental contamination is an intervention in normal human life making negative effect on population health. These accidents highlighted a number of statutory and regulatory both with medical and social problems for individuals, who returned voluntarily for permanent residence in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone i.e. a radiation-hazardous area (they are named the «self-settlers»). Objective: generalization of experience in the settlement of normative-legal, ecological-dosimetric and medicosocial life issues of population living in the Chornobyl NPP (ChNPP) Exclusion Zone («self-settlers»). Object and methods. The chosen problem is complex, necessitating the generalization of radiation-hygienic, medical-biological, socio-economic, demographic and sociological research results obtained by the national and foreign authors. A set of theoretical research and analysis of empirical data methods on the principles of interdisciplinary interaction was used; the systematic, legal, economic, medical-biological, demographic and retrospective-dosimetric approaches of research were applied. Results. It was shown that a part of population refused to evacuate or had returned for permanent residence to the radiation-hazardous lands after the ChNPP accident. In 1986–2009 the number of «self-settlers» ranged from 150 to 2,000 in different years. In 2021 – the 101 people. Those were mainly people of working age, mostly females, single people or widows/widowers. Рrevious medical and dosimetric studies have shown that long-term residence in the Exclusion Zone affects physical and mental health of «self-settlers» and causes atypical aging, including involvement of the central nervous system. According to calculations, the average effective total radiation dose accumulated by «self-settlers» for the first 3 years was 30 % of dose for the entire post-accident period, and the dose accumulated over 20 years was 54 % of the dose accumulated over 35 years. But the effective radiation doses accumulated in different periods after the accident differ significantly in residents of different Exclusion Zone settlements. This information needs further study in terms of the «radiation dose - health status» dependence. Conclusions. The effective radiation doses accumulated in different periods after the accident differ significantly in the residents of different Exclusion Zone settlements. Тhe average effective total radiation dose accumulated by «self-settlers» for the first 3 years was 30 % of the dose for the entire post-accident period, and the dose accumulated over 20 years was 54 % of the dose accumulated over 35 years. The Scientific Council meeting of NAMS approved the NRCRM Annual Report. Key words: Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Exclusion Zone, «self-settlers», radiation doses, health.

scholarly journals Study of the Cryopreservation Conditions for seed Materials of Chartolepis intermedia Boiss.

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00046
Author(s):  
Margarita Ishmuratova ◽  
Saltanat Tleukenova ◽  
Alibek Ramasanov ◽  
Elena Gavrilkova ◽  
Dmitrii Ageev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time ◽  
Karaganda Region

For the first time, the depending of germination rate and energy of germination of Chartolepis intermedia seeds, collected in the wild of Karaganda region, from morphology of seeds and conditions of cryopreservation is investigated. The maximum results for viability are fixed for dark-colored average or large seeds. The best results are determined for variant of cryopreservation in plastic container with future defrosting at the room temperature. For the increasing parameters of seed germination we recommended to freeze Chartolepis intermedia seeds with using cryoprotector sucrose in concentration 20%. As the results of the study, we developed algorithm of cryopreservation of Chartolepis intermedia seeds in liquid nitrogen.

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