Biological features of guests and requirements for their containment

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
V. M. Poliakovskyi ◽  
◽  
V. M. Mykhalska ◽  
L. V. Shevchenko ◽  
М. S. Gruntkovskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Short Neck ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Large Head ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Oval Body

This article reveals the biological features of guinea fowl and methods of keeping them. Guinea fowl are raised and bred to produce dietary meat, high-quality eggs, and to control pests of crops: snails, insects, including the Colorado potato beetle. The main direction of growing guinea fowl is meat, in terms of meat yield guinea fowl are not inferior to chickens. The taste of guinea fowl resembles game, but it is more tender, juicy and not fibrous. Guinea fowl have a horizontally placed oval body, short neck, large head with a strong growth in the crest, short, lowered tail. Guinea fowl are unpretentious, easily acclimatized to any natural and climatic conditions. The disadvantages of this species of bird include a poorly developed hatching instinct and aggression during capture. With age, the aggression of guinea fowl increases. This bird is also known to make unpleasant shrill sounds, which is why they are sometimes refused to breed. When keeping guinea fowl, it should be borne in mind that domestic guinea fowl inherited from the wild the ability to fly well. They are mobile, timid, reluctant to go to the nest and often lay eggs in hidden, cozy places. After isolating males from the herd, females are able to lay fertilized eggs for more than 10 days. This species of birds is quite well acclimatized and shows a fairly high egg productivity in different methods of cultivation. There are several ways to keep guinea fowl. The most common walking method, which involves keeping guinea fowl during the day on pasture, and at night — indoors. Keeping on the floor (on deep litter) is used when it is not possible to give the bird exercise. The cage method allows to increase the efficiency of production area, reduce feed costs by 15%, to mechanize the care and maintenance of poultry houses.

scholarly journals An archaic crested plesiosaur in opal from the Lower Cretaceous high-latitude deposits of Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P Kear ◽  
Natalie I Schroeder ◽  
Michael S.Y Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Short Neck ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Marine Reptiles ◽  
Large Head

Umoonasaurus demoscyllus gen. et sp. nov. is a new small-bodied (approx. 2.5 m) pliosauroid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) of southern Australia. It is represented by several partial skeletons (one with a near complete skull is the most complete opalized vertebrate fossil yet known), and is unique in having large crests on the skull midline and above the orbits. Umoonasaurus is surprisingly archaic despite its relatively late age (approx. 115 Myr ago)—being simultaneously the most basal (primitive) and last surviving rhomaleosaurid. Notably, it lacks the ‘pliosauromorph’ features (large head, short neck, gigantism) typically characterizing many more derived Jurassic rhomaleosaurids; thus, reinforcing the suspected convergent evolution of the ‘pliosauromorph’ hypercarnivore body plan. Umoonasaurus inhabited an Early Cretaceous high-latitude (approx. 70° S) inland seaway subject to seasonally near-freezing climatic conditions. This extreme environment supported a diverse range of plesiosaur taxa, suggesting that these marine reptiles might have possessed adaptations (e.g. heightened metabolic levels) to cope with cold-water temperatures. Indeed, survival of ancient endemic lineages such as Umoonasaurus is a common phenomenon in Australian Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages and might have been facilitated by isolation in low-temperature high-latitude regions.

scholarly journals Breeding the predatory bug Podisus maculiventris Say to protect potatoes from Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Mariya Nefedova
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of

The predator Podisus maculiventris Say is a representative of the order Hemiptera, family Pentatomidae. This insect is promising in the battle against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. For the successful use of P. maculiventris in the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation and other countries where this predator isn’t found, it is necessary to develop methods of its artificial reproduction. The paper provides information on the selection of food based on the use of phytophagous insects and pests. Among the subjects Galleria mellonella L. caterpillars, Tenebrio molitor L. larvae and pupae, Ephestia kuehniella Zll. caterpillars, as well as Zophobas morio Fabr larvae were used. As a result of the experiment, T. molitor was recognized as the most effective insect prey in terms of biological and economic indicators. When using Tenebrio molitor, the imago yield of P. maculiventris amounted to 81.0-90.5%, which was the best indicator in comparison with other options.

scholarly journals Introduction of sorts of Clematis L. genus in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Roza A. Bilalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Biological Features

The article presents the results of a long-term of study of biological features of 54 sorts of Clematis L. genus of collection of the SouthUral Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS. The aim of the work was to summarize the introduction studies for the possibility of successful use of clematis sorts in vertical gardening in the Bashkir Cis-Urals and adjacent territories. During the period 2007 and 2015, the seasonal rhythm of growth and development and vegetative reproduction were studied, and the prospects of introduction and introduction resistance under the culture were assessed. The length of the clematis growing period varies from 156 to 168 days. The duration of flowering of sorts is 24–111 days. Rooting of clematis sorts using root-forming stimulators is 33 to 100%. The largest number of rooted cuttings was obtained using the preparation “Circon”. According to the results of the introduction success assessment, all the studied sorts have high resistance to local climatic conditions.

POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVES TO LAMB MILK REPLACER FOR THE ARTIFICIAL REARING OF LAMBS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
General Appearance

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative performance of artificially reared lambs fed four types of liquid diets: (1) lamb milk replacer (LMR) with 24% protein from spray-dried milk products and 24% fat in the dry powder; (2) high quality calf milk replacer (CMR) with 20% protein from spray-dried milk products and 20% fat; (3) fresh cow milk (CM); or (4) equal proportions of LMR and CM (LMR:CM). Average daily gains of lambs fed CMR or CM were lower by 16% and 12%, respectively, and weaning weights were lower by 10% and 5%, respectively, than those of lambs fed LMR. Gains and weaning weights of lambs fed LMR:CM were identical to those fed LMR. Lamb survival was marginally lower among CMR- and CM-fed lambs compared with those fed LMR. There were no observable differences among any of the feeding regimens in the general appearance, thriftiness or well-being of the lambs. The results indicate that, with good management, satisfactory lamb performance under artificial rearing can be achieved with high quality CMR or CM and that under practical conditions lower feed costs could offset the marginal reduction in lamb performance. Key words: Lambs, artificial rearing

Development of Innovative Technology for Cryogenic Grape Powders and Drinks

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Зоя Алиевна Яралиева
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
The Republic

Климатические условия на большей части территории Российской Федерации не позволяют выращивать виноград в открытом грунте, поэтому его завозят из южных районов страны. Производство виноградных напитков обычно сосредоточено в местах выращивания винограда, так как доставка готовой продукции в северные регионы сопряжена со значительными финансовыми затратами. В Республике Дагестан выращивают около 30% винограда в масштабах всей страны, а площадь плодоносящих виноградников занимает более 20 тыс. га. Возникла необходимость переработать виноград таким образом, чтобы полуфабрикат для изготовления напитков выдерживал длительные сроки хранения и транспортировку, отличался высоким качеством и имел небольшую массу. Разработана технология получения виноградных криопорошков, которые можно использовать в качестве пищевых добавок, для изготовления восстановленных соков и напитков. Целью исследования было создание инновационной технологии производства криопорошков для получения безалкогольных напитков. Объектом исследования стал виноград дагестанских технических, столовых и изюмных сортов. Алгоритм получения криопорошков соответствовал предложенной автором схеме: доставка винограда, отделение гребней, инспекция, мойка, дробление, замораживание жидким азотом, обезвоживание в вакуумной СВЧ-установке, криоизмельчение и фасовка. При выполнении работы определяли качественный состав сырья и криопорошков с использованием аналитических приборов и лабораторного оборудования кафедры технологии продуктов питания и учреждений Дагестанского научного Центра РАН. Определен химический состав криопорошков, полученных из винограда, выращенного в горно-долинной зоне Дагестана. Приведены физико-химические показатели напитка из криопорошка винограда. Органолептические показатели изготовленных виноградных напитков подтвердили их высокие качественные показатели. Climatic conditions in most of the Russian Federation do not allow growing grapes in the open field, therefore they are imported from the southern regions of the country. The production of grape drinks is usually concentrated in places where grapes are grown, since the delivery of finished products to the northern regions is associated with significant financial costs. Winegrowers of the Republic of Dagestan grow about 30% of grapes throughout the country, and the area of fruit-bearing vineyards occupies more than 20 thousand hectares. There was a problem to process grapes in such a way that the semi-finished product for the production of drinks withstands long storage and transportation periods, is of high quality and has a small weight. A technology has been developed for producing grape cryopowders, which can be used as food additives, for the production of reconstituted juices and drinks. The aim of the study was to create an innovative technology for the production of cryopowders for the production of soft drinks. The objects of the study were Dagestan common and raisin grapes. The algorithm for obtaining cryopowders corresponded to the scheme proposed by the author: delivery of grapes, separation of ridges, inspection, washing, crushing, freezing with liquid nitrogen, dehydration in a vacuum microwave unit, cryo-grinding and packaging. When performing the work, the qualitative composition of raw materials and cryopowders was determined using analytical instruments and laboratory equipment of the Department of Food Technology and institutions of the Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The chemical composition of cryopowders obtained from grapes grown in the mountain-valley zone of Dagestan has been determined. The physical and chemical parameters of a wine drink made from grape cryopowder are given. The organoleptic characteristics of the produced wine drinks confirmed their high quality indicators.

scholarly journals Growth rate and meat quality of guinea fowl kept in farm conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Zabiyakin ◽  
Sergey A. Zamyatin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Edible Parts

The research (2018-2019) was conducted in the conditions of a peasant farm in the Voronezh region. The paper evaluates the indicators of the growth rate and meat productivity of the preserved gene pool groups of guinea fowl. The experiment involved three groups of daily guinea fowl of 200 heads of different genetic origin: lines of the Volga white breed (the original VB-4, selected by the rate of live weight gain and reproductive characteristics; autosex VBA-1, selected by the color of down, feather and productive characteristics) and gray-speckled guinea fowl of unknown origin. Studies have shown that the live weight of guinea fowl of the VBA-1 line exceeded the live weight of poultry from other groups of guinea fowl, a significant excess was noted at 8, 12 and 13 weeks of age. The greatest coefficient of variation of the trait was observed at 8 weeks of age. The analysis of relative gain in live weight of guinea fowl showed that up to 10 weeks of age, the highest relative growth rate of guinea fowl of all experimental groups was observed (14.0-17.0 %). Starting from the age of 11 weeks, this indicator gradually decreased (4.3-13.4 %). It was found out that under the same conditions of keeping and feeding, the feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in guinea fowls of the VBA-1 line were less by 0.09-0.16 kg (3.11-6.33 %) compared to poultry of the VB-4 line and by 0.2-0.4 kg (5.49-12.82 %) compared to their gray-speckled peers. The results of anatomical cutting of guinea fowl carcasses showed that the experimental groups of poultry significantly (P< 0.05) differed among themselves in the degree of development of internal organs and tissues. The yield of edible parts was 60.2-61.1 %, depending on the group of poultry. The large live weight noted by us in linear poultry is the reason for their better meat productivity, which is directly related to an increase in the absolute mass of the eviscerated carcass, its edible parts, muscles and bones. Based on the data obtained, the optimal age of poultry slaughter for meat was determined at 10-12 weeks of life.

scholarly journals Technological and Economic Analysis on the Hungarian Rice Sector

2003 ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Ferenc Apáti
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
The Cost

Hungary lies on the northern edge of rice production area. According to this, the climatic conditions area not perfect for this species. The production area of rice involves typically the poorer quality soils, however these meet the requirements of rice. In Hungary exclusively domestic types are grown which have high yield and good quality and these are usually wore successful than foreign types. On the other hand, these Hungarian types should be improved considering safety in production. Nowadays, rice is grown in large scale companies with 300-1400 hectares, where production technology already exists, machinery is suitable, however the latter one a little bit old.The average yields of the analysed companies were 3-4 t/ha in the past few years, which were a little bit above the national averages. The operating cost per hectare is almost 200 thousand HUF, from which the main part is the cost of machinery (35%) and the material cost (34%). The main part of the latter one is the irrigation costs (30%). The average cost, calculated from the total production cost, is 80 thousand HUF/t. Considering the above-mentioned costs and the price of rice (75 thousand HUF/t) it can be stated that the profitability of the rice sector is not the best, the cost rated profitability is -6.6%. According to the results of this analysis possibilities for the increase in profitability and improvement are increased subsidies and market price, as well as genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Elevasi dan Pengolahan terhadap Kandungan Kimia dan Citarasa Kopi Robusta Lampung

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Juniaty Towaha ◽  
Asif Aunillah ◽  
Eko Heri Purwanto ◽  
Handi Supriadi
Keyword(s):  
Processing Technique ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Dry Processing ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cup Quality

<p>Kopi Robusta Indonesia memiliki agroklimat dan elevasi tempat yang variatif serta lebih luas sehingga berpotensi sebagai penghasil kopi Robusta yang bermutu tinggi dengan citarasa dan aroma khas. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di perkebunan rakyat Provinsi Lampung dari bulan Januari hingga Desember 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh elevasi dan pengolahan terhadap kandungan kimia serta citarasa kopi Robusta di perkebunan kopi Robusta milik rakyat di Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dan analisis datanya mengikuti Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah empat ketinggian tempat, yaitu (1) 200; (2) 400; (3) 600 dan (4) 800 m dpl, sedangkan faktor kedua pengolahan buah kopi, yaitu (1) basah dan (2) kering. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pengujian kadar kafein, protein, lemak, dan abu serta uji organoleptik (cupping test). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa makin tinggi elevasi tempat tumbuh kopi Robusta di daerah Lampung maka kadar kafein dan lemak cenderung semakin meningkat. Selanjutnya, proses pengolahan kopi secara basah menghasilkan mutu citarasa kopi Robusta Lampung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pengolahan secara kering.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Kopi Robusta, elevasi, pengolahan, kandungan kimia, citarasa</p><p>Robusta coffee was grown in Indonesia at diverse agro-climatic conditions and altitudes, so it potentially to develop of high quality Robusta coffee with a distinctive flavor and aroma. Research was conducted on smallholder plantations in Lampung Province from January to December 2013. The objective of this study was to analyze the quality and flavor of Robusta coffee developed at different elevation in Lampung Province, in order to identify the most appropriate elevation for Robusta coffee to have the best quality and flavor. Research was use completely randomized design with three replications and two factors. The first factor is altitude: (1) 200; (2) 400; (3) and 600 (4) 800 m above sea level, while the second factor is the processing technique: (1) wet; and (2) dry processing. Variables tested were levels of caffeine, protein, fat and ash as well as cup quality. The results showed that the higher of elevation the higher of caffein and fat contents. Moreover, wet processing of Lampung Robusta Coffee gave higher cup quality compared to dry processing.</p>

scholarly journals РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПОЛЕВЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ МАШИНЫ ДЛЯ УБОРКИ КОРНЕПЛОДОВ И ЛУКА С РЕГУЛИРУЕМЫМ УГЛОМ НАКЛОНА ПОЛОТНА

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Dorokhov ◽  
A.V. Sibiryov ◽  
A.G. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Modern Technologies

В машинной технологии возделывания и уборки корнеплодов и лука одним из важнейших показателей качества, определяющего длительность хранения корнеплодов является наличие или отсутствие в закладываемом на хранение ворохе почвенных и растительных примесей. Невозможность отделения почвенных комков из вороха корнеплодов и лука обусловлена тем, что на большинстве уборочных машин применяют щелевые сепарирующие рабочие органы, при этом межпрутковое расстояние сепарирующего транспортера с целью исключения потерь корнеплодов выполнено меньше минимального размера сепарируемого корнеплода, что приводит к невозможности их очистки на сепарирующих рабочих органах уборочных машин, а, следовательно, к травмированию значительной части товарной продукции и потерям при хранении значительной части выращенного урожая. Современные технологии и технические средства уборки корнеплодов и лука не способны обеспечить получение качественной товарной продукции при минимальных трудозатратах, что обусловлено отставанием или отсутствием в разработке технологических основ, технологий и рабочих органов уборки корнеплодов и лука, позволяющие снизить или исключить содержание почвенных комков в товарной продукции в различных почвенно-климатических условиях. Следовательно, разработка средств механизации для уборки корнеплодов и лука, позволяющих снизить или исключить содержание механических примесей в товарной продукции в различных почвенно-климатических условиях представляет научную проблему, решение которой будет способствовать инновационному развитию внутреннего рынка сельскохозяйственной продукции, устойчивому положения России на внешнем рынке.In the machine technology for the cultivation and harvesting of root crops and onions, one of the most important quality indicators that determines the duration of storage of root crops is the presence or absence of soil and plant impurities in the pile to be stored. The impossibility of separating soil lumps from a heap of root crops and onions is due to the fact that on most harvesting machines, slotted separating units are used. The inter-bar distance of the separating conveyor is less than the minimum size of the separated root crop to exclude losses of root crops, which makes it impossible to clean them on the separating working organs of harvesting machines, and, consequently, leads to damage of a significant part of commercial products and losses during storage of a significant part of the harvested yield. Modern technologies and technical means for harvesting root crops and onions are not able to provide high-quality commercial products with minimal labour, due to the lag or lack of development of technological foundations, technologies and working units for harvesting root crops and onions, which can reduce or eliminate the content of soil lumps in commercial products in various soil and climatic conditions. Therefore, the development of mechanization tools for harvesting root crops and onions, allowing to reduce or eliminate the content of mechanical impurities in commercial products in various soil and climatic conditions, is a scientific problem, the solution of which will contribute to the innovative development of the domestic agricultural market, Russias stable position on the foreign market.

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